biologicalinvasion??ba?????k????n]

生物入侵Global全球水產養殖教育aquaculture水產養殖Cageculture[ked??]箱養魚

Lobster[??]龍蝦Life生活史Crab[blukr?b]三疣梭子蟹；藍蟹；青蟹斑點叉尾鮰?ba??ti]生物多樣shrimp[?rmp]蝦；小蝦shellfish貝類algae[?i]藻類plant[??k水生植物水pond池塘珍珠mortality[m?r?ti]死亡率繁mollusc[?sk]軟體動物[kr??兩棲動物clam[kl?m]蛤?]牡蠣??loni]鮑魚scallop[?p]扇貝amphibian[?m??棲動物crayfish[??小龍蝦[??l,-?爬行動物繁殖；飼養seafood海鯰魚trout[tra?t]鱒魚，鮭魚溶解氧Spawn[sp?n]卵Mate配對[sp?]海綿脫皮?d?t]捕食者Distribution分布成熟的?mbr胎Animalprotein['protin]動物蛋白魚粉Capturefisherie捕撈漁業Fisheries漁業資源starfish海星packetsof?m]數包精子planktonic[,pl???nik]浮游生物?l?]人工孵化KingRedKing皇帝蟹Fishery漁業Enhancement[in'h?nsm增加Symposium[sm'poz?討論會車間?r?壇small小范圍/型實驗broodstockcultivation親魚培育Air氣泡石Flowthrough流道Larval/larve['lrv?l]幼Artemia蟲Larvaldiet幼蟲飲食Hatchery['h?t??ri]化器larve/fry/fingerling/Juvenile['d?v?nal]蟲（體）??tm]硅藻enrichment[nju?n]養強化生存dryweight干重duration[du're??n]ofexperiment實驗持續時間Vibrio['vbr,o]bacteria菌fatty/protein['protin]/amino?,mi:n?u'?sid]脂肪酸蛋白質/基酸池塘養殖Aquaculturemodes水產養殖模式EightWordsWater,Seeds,Feeds,Density，Polyculture混養Rotation[ro'te?輪流Disease[d'ziz]疾病Management，paddy['p?d稻田養殖Silver鰱魚Bighead鳙魚草魚carp魚鯉魚鯽魚Bluntsnoutbream武昌魚（團頭魴）Mud[m?d]carp鯪魚Mandarin['m?ndr?n]魚eel日本鰻鱺crab河蟹；大閘蟹Chinese?tn]華絨蝥蟹?n]本對蝦Tilapia[t'lɑpi?]羅非魚Rainbow?t]虹鱒Largemouthɑ:dmauθbes]大嘴鱸魚Gianttigerprawn草蝦giantriverprawn羅氏沼蝦PenaeusmonodonGianttigerprawn斑節對蝦Kelp海帶White對蝦vannamei凡納濱對蝦LitopenaeusvannameiBoone對蝦Bigyellowcroaker['krok]大黃魚Perch[p??]鱸魚turbot['t?bt]大目魚Intensive[n't??v]culture集約化養殖Extensive[k'st?v]culture粗養formulate['f?rmj'let]配合飼料waterquality['kwɑl?ti]management水質管理optimal['ɑpt?ml]最適溫度maturity['s???lm't??ti]性成熟Habits食性Spawningtime['sp?]產卵期粉狀飼料['p?lt?d]feed顆粒飼料Stockingdensity放養密度RaftLoach[lot]泥鰍Tuna['tun?]槍魚集卵器?l]貝殼Watertemperature['t??t??]水溫Yellowtail[tel]尾袋鼠station試驗站合適的飼料??lt?]工海礁Indiameter[da???]/width/depth直徑/度/度?n]大馬哈魚保存保護Youngfish幼魚Artificialfertilize[,ɑrt?'f??l'f???z]人工受精Life生命周期species物種Basic基礎研究化Migratory??t?洄游魚類['kostl]沿海水域Large大規模的

斑節對蝦Gianttiger草蝦草蝦ɡrov]紅樹林omnivorous[ɑ??r?s]雜食的herbivory[h?:'bivri]草食性r?r?s]肉食性的?tl???精nauplius['n?plis]體Protozoea[??'z??]體mysis['maisis]糠蝦；糠蝦幼體；糠蝦期metamorphose[,m?t??rfoz]變態?'l?n?ti]鹽度milkfish虱目魚鰻魚Estuary['?st???ri]河口?'ɡwil?]洲鰻鱺anguillajaponica[d??ɑ??]日本鰻鱺eel玻璃鰻Yellow黃鰻eel銀鰻RecirculatingSystem再循環水產養殖系統recirculating/recirculationsystem再循環再統

progeny['prd??ni]代

Secondary['s?k?ri]的

Grow-out來Fingerling['f???,l??]小魚

[s?'lkt?選擇性收獲Secondaryspecies/Main要/次要物種的物種

fertilizer[??k'f??laz]有機肥料

size市場規Cultureperiod培養期

Fertility育能力

Waterbody水體

Stockingsize放規格

cod['mri;]蟲紋石斑魚

perch[p??]黃金鱸

perch銀鱸

offspring['??]代rate[ret]存活率規處理

捕獲

ɑksd?'ne??化作用??t]寄生蟲

formalin['f??l?n]福爾馬林

?ba?'t?抗生素['m?θ?l美藍

malachitegreen['m?l??t]孔雀石綠

fungal['f??l]真菌heal治愈

yolk卵黃囊Mm(millimeter)米厘米μm(micrometer)測微計

Diseases生疾病

力

Chemical?s]化學壓力生物壓力源Microorganism微生物

Population[,pɑpju'le??density種群密度

物理壓力Proceduralstressor程序上的壓力

['p?θ?d??n]病原體病菌immunity['mj?n?ti]免疫力

Mucus['mjuk?s]粘液

Inflammation['nfl???癥?'bɑdi]抗體??m]鈉potassium[p?'t?sm]?rad]氯dehydration[,diha'dre?脫Sanitation[,s?n'te??環境衛生

Nitrogenous?ɑ??ns]含氮的debris[d?'bri]有機殘骸

?sn'f?kt]消毒傳染性??tk]/parasite寄/生蟲

??]原生動物Proteins['proti?蛋質

脂類

ɑ?dret]

碳水化合物

Vitamins

維生素???l]

礦物質

Attractants[??nt]

引誘劑

植物蛋白

protein物蛋白protein蛋白

Essential[??l]?'mino]d]必需氨基酸

?'?nin]

蛋氨酸?s?n]

賴氨酸

fatty

必需脂肪酸

?rf?θnl]

氯仿/甲醇n's?t?d]fatty高不飽和脂肪酸Energy謝能可消化能Feed?n'v?Ratio[re?飼料轉化率

?'dst?bl]PolycultureofbigheadinpondsandInareusuallyculturedastogetherwithgrow-outstockingisof13-15cmfingerlings.Ifistobepracticed,acertainoflargersizedfish(uptoalsostocked.Thereisnofeeding/fertilization

requiredforbigheadherbivorousfishasHowever,fertilizerisusuallytonaturalfoodifasThecansizeg)withininTheculturebemuchintropicalsubtropicalTheofbigheadcarpusually500-1000kg/ha,whichfor10-15%oftotalInVietnam,bigheadisthroughwithotherascarp,commontilapia.Bigheadcarpstockedasaminorspeciesintheponds,usuallyaccountingfor3-5%ofthetotal.However,bigheadcarpusuallyaccountforofproduction.Noforispractised.marketofkg.ExtensiveinreservoirsIncarpareusuallystockedmajorwithastockingdensityof150-750/ha,dependingonsizefertilityofthebody.Thisabout40-50%ofthetotalofstocked.sizeusually13-15cm.Aoffingerlingstoalsostockedforselectiveharvestingtofullyutilizethewaterthefood.Neitherfertilizerisusedformrearing.ofcan150-400kg/ha,whichfor40-60%oftotalproduction.池塘和網攔鳙魚的混養在中國，鳙魚與其他鯉科魚類通常作為次要種類。養成的放養密度為15厘米的魚種。如果選擇性收獲要按照大規格魚（250克）按一定比例再放養。草食性和雜食性魚類作為主要的養殖種類沒有特別投飼施肥。然而如果鳙魚和鰱魚作為主養種類，施有機肥通常適用于提高天然餌料。在中國這種魚可8-10個月達到上市規格（750-1500克養期可能會比熱帶和亞熱帶地區短得多。鳙魚產量通常為斤/公頃，占總產量的10-15％。在越南，鳙魚養成通過與其他品種混養，如草魚，鰱魚，南亞野鯪，印鯪，鯉魚和羅非魚。鳙魚在池塘作為次要種類，通常占總量的。然而，鳙魚通常占5-7％的總生產。不對鳙魚做特別的投飼。市場規格為斤。小型湖泊和水庫粗養在這個系統中，鳙魚通常放養為主要品種據水體的大小和生育能力放養密度這個級別代表約％的魚放養總數。放養規格一般為13-15厘米。一部分（超過250）大型苗種也選擇性放養和捕撈，以充分利用水體和天然餌料。無論是使用飼料和肥料養殖的那種類型。鳙魚產量都能達到公斤公頃，占總產量的％。WORLDREVIEWOFFISHERIESANDAQUACULTUREFisheriesresources:trendsinproduction,utilizationandtradeOVERVIEWGlobalproductionfromcapture101millionoffoodfishinprovidinganapparentpersupplyof16.2(liveweightequivalent),aquacultureaccountingforthegrowthinpercapitasupplysince2000.OutsideChina,theworld’spopula

quicklythesupply;asaaverageperfishdeclinedfromin1987kgin1992hasOverall,providedthanpeoplewith20oftheirpercapitaproteinTheoffishinworldgrewfrom14.9percentintoapeakofin1996andremainedtoin2001.Preliminaryestimatesforbasedbysomefishingcountriesthattotalworldfisheryslightly(withHowever,totalamountoffishavailablefortomilliontonnesonthewasdecreaseinresultingfromthecontractionofreductioninsomefishmeal-producingwasforbyincreasesotherfisheriesremainsbyfarthelargestproducer,withfisheriesof44.3milliontonnes2002(16.627.7millionfromcapturerespectively),anfoodsupplyofkgpercapitawellfornon-foodpurposes.thereindicationsthatfisheriesproductionforbeindicatedinTheStateofWorldFisheriesandthisproblem