2022年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題(第1套)

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Inthistask,youaretowriteanessayontheroleofphysicalexerciseinachievingsuccessatcollege.Youwillhave80minutesforthetask.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180

words.

PartⅡListeningComprehension(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmark

thecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

1.A)Partofitsdamwallcollapsed.

C)Itwasdestroyedbyancarthquake.

B)Itreleasedalotofharmfulgases.

D)Someminersweretrappedunderground.

2.A)Itposedasafetythreattotheminers.

C)Itbroughtthemine'soperationstoahalt.

B)Itcauseddamagetooheavytoassess.

D)Itwasfollowedbytwomorecarthquakes.

Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

3.A)Itpreparedbedsforallthesixnewcitizens.

B)Itassignedateamofdoctorsforeachexpectedbaby.

C)Itmadeamplepreparationsforvariouspossibilities.

D)Itbroughtinthemostadvancedinstruments.

4.A)Theyhadtoundergo2-3physicalcheckups.

B)Theywereallofnormalsizeexceptthesixth.

C)Theycouldgohometogetherwiththeirmotheradaylater.

D)Theyneededtostayinthehospitalforacoupleofmonths.

Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

5.A)Itisownedbythelocalgovernment.C)IthasbeenboughtbyanAmerican.

B)Ithasbeenturnedintoapublicpark.D)Itisaperfecttouristdestination.

6.A)Itsseafood.C)Itsunspoiledbeaches.

B)Itsunusualcoastline.D)Itsarchitecture.

7.A)Ithasanunmatchedlocation.C)Ithasbeautifulweatherallyearround.

B)Itisworthover18millioneuros.D)Itisanidealplacetomeetfamousstars.

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SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmark

thecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

8.A)Shehasbeenattendingsomegroupclasses.

B)Shehasregisteredfortwonewgymclasses.

C)Shebecameamemberofthegymtwomonthsago.

D)Sheisentitledtoadiscountonallthegymexercises.

9.A)Consideringthepromotionofitsregularclasses.

B)Takingmeasurestoexpanditsexerciseprograms.

C)Recruitingcoachesforhotyogaandadvancedspinning.

D)Offeringexistingmembersadiscountofftwonewclasses.

10.A)Shemissedthedeadlineforthe10-weekcourse.

B)Shemissedoutonthegym'sgeneraldiscount.

C)Shedidn'tsignupformembershipintime.

D)Shewasn'tsomuchinterestedinhotyoga.

11.A)Shedoesn'twanttorevealhercarddetailsoverthephone.

B)Shedoesn'tthinkitwisetopaybeforeattendinganyclass.

C)Shemighthavetocancelherregistrationanyminute.

D)Shepreferstohavethefeeaddedtohermonthlybill.

Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Tomakeinvestments.C)Toresearchnewmarkets.

B)Tosignabusinesscontract.D)Toopenanewoffice.

13.A)Dubai.B)Beijing.C)Amsterdam.D)Earl'sCourt.

14.A)Rentabikeforhimtogetaroundthetown.C)Helphimpreparehispresentation.

B)Reserveameetingroomintheheadoffice.D)Sendhimamapofthehotelarea.

15.A)Bringhisprojector.C)Submithisclaimsform.

B)Keepallhisreceipts.D)Paywithhiscreditcard.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Whetheracountry'seducationallevelislinkedtowomen'srights.

B)Whetherwomen'srightsaremakinggoodprogressaroundtheworld.

C)Whetheracountry'sprotectionofwomen'srightsisrelatedtoitspublichealth.D)Whetherwomen'srightsaremoreoftenoverlookedinless-developedcountries.

17.A)Theirpeoplestillhavebetterhealthifwomen'srightsarerespected.

B)Theymustmakeeffortstoincreasewomen'saccesstohealthcare.

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C)Theirpeopletendtoattachimportancetowomen'srights.

D)Theyneedtoinvestmoreinhospitalstaffandfacilities.

18.A)Theirlinkwithacountry'spublichealth.

B)Theirpotentialimpactonsocialprogress.

C)Theirvaluetoacountry'sinternationalimage.

D)Theirpositiveeffectoneconomicdevelopment.

Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Itcreatesawonderfulsettingfordating.

C)Itturnsparksintopicnicsites.

B)Itmaycausestrangephysicalreactions.

D)Itmayresultinacrowdedbeach.

20.A)Breathingdifficulty.

C)Excessivesweating.

B)Badbreath.

D)Highbloodpressure.

21.A)Itprotectspeopleagainstbacteria.C)Itacceleratespeople'sbloodcirculation.

B)Itenablespeopletobuildupendurance.D)Itprovidespeoplewithextraenergy.

Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Theyaremorelikelytowinincombatsports.

B)Theyareintheminorityamongthepopulation.

C)Theyhaveahigherchanceofjoiningsportsteams.

D)Theyhavemoredisadvantagesingettingahead.

23.A)Theirbrainismorepowerfulthanthatofright-handedpeople.

B)Theleftsideoftheirbrainismorepowerfulthanitsrightside.

C)Theytendtobealotmoreaggressivethanright-handedpeople.

D)Theirbrainhasastrongerconnectionbetweenitstwosides.

24.A)Theyhavealargerbrain.

C)Itisrelatedtotheirgenes.

B)Itstillremainsunknown.

D)Theyarebetteratreasoning.

25.A)Teachthemhowtoperformtaskswiththeirrighthand.

B)Helpthemfullydeveloptheirmathematicalabilities.

C)Encouragethemtoplayfast-pacedinteractivesports.

D)Advisethemtochoosejobsthatrequirequickreactions.

PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewords

inthebankmorethanance.

Researchers,writinginthejournalHeart,pooleddatafrom23studiesandfoundthatsocialisolationorfeelingsoflonelinessweretiedtoanincreasedriskofcoronaryheartdisease(冠心病)andstrokes.

Thestudiesincludeddatafrom181,006menandwomenages18andover.Therewere4,628coronaryeventsand3,002strokesinfollow-upperiods26fromthreeto21years.Threeofthepapers27

loneliness,18lookedatsocialisolationandtwoincludedboth.Socialisolationandlonelinessweredeterminedwithquestionnaires;theresearchersdependedonmedicalrecordsanddeath28for

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determiningcoronaryeventsandstrokes.

Thescientistsfoundthatlonelinessandsocialisolationincreasedthe29riskofhavingaheart

attackoradeathfromheartdiseaseby29percent,andtheriskofstrokeby32percent.Therewereno

30betweenmenandwomen.

“Peoplehavetendedtofocusfromapolicypointofviewon31lonelypeopletomakethemmore

32,”saidtheleadauthor,NicoleK.Valtorta,aresearchfellowattheUniversityofYorkinEngland.“Ourstudy33thatifthisisariskfactor,thenweshouldbetryingtopreventtheriskfactorinthefirstplace.”

Theauthors34thatthiswasareviewofobservationalstudiesanddidnot35causeand

effect.

A)acknowledge

Inarrow

B)certificates

J)permanent

C)connected

K)produces

D)demonstrates

L)ranging

E)differences

M)relative

F)establish

N)submitting

G)formats

O)targeting

H)measured

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

Thehiddencostscollegesdon'twantyoutolnowabout

A)Thisfall,thousandsofcollegestudentsfromacrossthecountrywillbegintheirundergraduatestudiesatcollegesaroundthenation.Theywillinevitablypacktoomuchtofitintheirtinydormrooms.Theywillalsocarrywiththemahugestudentloandebt,inadditiontocountless“hidden”out-of-pocketcostspaidforbytheirbankaccountsandthebankaccountsoftheirfamilies.

B)Atmywell-respected,private,four-yearuniversityinWashington,D.C.,whichboastsayearlytuitionof$44,046notincludingroomandboard,Ireceiveover$57,000yearlyinfinancialaid.Asastudentfromafamilythatisstrugglingtomakeendsmeet,myfinancialaidpackageisacombinationoffederalgrantsandfederalworkstudy,universitymeritscholarshipsandfinancialaidawards,andabout$8,000yearlyinfederallysubsidized(有補(bǔ)貼的)andunsubsidizedloans.Onpaper,myexpensesandmyfinancialaidjustaboutevenout.Offpaper,theydon't.

C)Universitiestodayareinthebusinessofmakingmoney,andmineisnoexception.Theyhitmerightoutofgatewitha$160feetoattendmyfreshmanorientation,apricewhichdoesnotincludethecostoftraveltoandfromtheDistrict.Almosteveryclasshasanassociatedfeenotincludedinthecostoftuition,mostbetween$40and$100.Feesforlabscienceclassesarethehighest,andallstudentsatmyuniversityarerequiredtotakeatleastonelabbeforetheygraduate.Buyingalaptopprovedanecessityand,thankfully,arelativeboughtmeoneasagift.Rentingamini-fridgeformydormroomcostsmyroommatesandmeabout$140avear.

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D)Schoolswillchargeyouwhatevertheycan.Thecostsofanydamagetothedorm,includingelevators,bathrooms,andcommonareas,arebilledtoeverypersononadormfloor,oreventheentirebuildingiftheydonotknowwhocausedthedamage.AfterIfelloutofmybedtwiceduringmyfreshmanyear,theuniversityinstalledarailing—for$20,billedtomystudentaccount.Myfinancialaiddidnotanticipateanyofthesecosts,andsoitdidnotcoverthem.

E)AnInternetsearchof“hiddencosts”ofcollegeturnsupahostofarticlesonparent-centeredwebsitesonthecollegeapplicationprocess.Thesearticlesarealmostalwaysgearedtowardsupper-andmiddle-classfamilies.Forstudentsalreadystrugglingtopaytuition,thesecostsmaybetheleastoftheir

worries.

F)Sowhathiddencostsshouldlow-incomestudentsreallybepayingattentionto?Mycollegeexperienceoffersafewexamples.

G)Ifyouarealow-incomestudentwhowillbeattendingschoolout-of-state,makesureyouknowifyoucanuseyourstatebenefits,suchastheSupplementalNutritionAssistanceProgram,orSNAP.Itwasn'tuntilafterIhadacceptedadmissiontoanout-of-stateschoolthatIlearnedthatIcouldnotusemyOhioMedicaidoncampusforanythingotherthanemergencycare.MybenefitsbecameinvalidthesecondImovedoutofOhio.Aftermyfreshmanyear,Ihadtooptfortheschool'sinsuranceplan,whichcostsaround$2,000ayear.Evenifyourschooloffersaflat-ratefeeforadoctor'sappointmentatthestudenthealthcenter(mineis$20avisit),thesefeesoftendonotincludeextrafeesforlabtestsorprescriptionmedications(藥物).

H)Ifyouplanonpayingoffbillsinyourstudentaccountwithacreditcard,beawareofanyadditionalcosts.Myschoolchargesanadditionalfeefortheuseofacreditcardtosettleoutstandingcharges,whichcanaddupwardsof3%ofthebalancetoyourbill.

I)Thereisanotherdepressingrealityhiddenwithineventhelargestfinancialaidpackages:Collegesoftenofferthemostgenerouspackagesduringfreshmanyearasawaytoattractnewstudents.Myfamilywascarefultoaskaboutthechancesoffinancialaidbeingtakenawayaftermyfreshmanyear.Wewereassuredthat,exceptforlowgradesoraraiseinfamilyincome,nomoneywouldbetakenaway.Wedidnotknowtoask—andtheschooldidnotreadilypointout—thateveniftuitionrises,myfinancialaidpackagewillstaythesame.Sowhenmyuniversityvotedtoraisetuitioncosts3%attheendofmyfreshmanyear,myfinancialaidpackageremainedthesameandIwassuddenlyresponsibleforanadditional$1,200forthenextyear.Theuniversityadministrationwilllikelyvotetoraisecostsatleastoncemorebeforemygraduation.

J)Yes,Ichosetoattendanexpensiveuniversityfarfrommyhometown.Yes,therewerecheaperoptions.Buttherearepromisingstudentsfromstrugglingfamiliesacrossthenationwhoshouldnotruleouttheirdreamschoolsentirely.Allthingsconsidered,Iampayingsignificantlylessthantheticketpriceofmyuniversity,andhavinganeducationalexperienceinWashington,D.C.,thatIwouldnothavehadanywhereelse.Asalow-incomestudentfromadown-and-outRustBeltcommunity,theseeducationalexperienceshaveenormouspotentialtobrightenmyfuture—andmyfamily'sfuture.

K)Thekeyistomakesurethatstudentsandtheirfamiliesunderstandthathiddencostsexist,andthattheymayproveproblematic.Filloutamorecomprehensivechecklist,andbewaryoflistedpricesthatseemtoolow.Understandjusthowcomplicatedthefinancialaidprocessis.

L)Studentsandfamiliesmustalsounderstandtheirabilitytoself-advocate.Theyshouldnotpaystudentbillsorexcessfeesblindly.Ifsomethingdoesnotlookright,askaboutit.Ifitstilldoesn'tlookright,

negotiateit.Incaseswhereparentsareworkingmultiplejobs,arelessknowledgeableaboutcollege

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bureaucracies,havelimitedEnglishlanguageskills,orarenotcontributingfinanciallytotheirchild'seducation,theburdenofself-advocacywillfallonthestudent.Iunderstandthedifficulty,andtheembarrassment.Butitisnecessary.

M)Inthegrandschemeofthings,however,collegesalsomustcometounderstandthatthehiddenfeestheyaskformayproveunmanageablefortheverykindsoflow-incomeorfirst-generationstudentstheyaretryingdesperatelytoattract.

36.Students'financialaidremainsunchangedevenwhentuitionrises.

37.Studentsmaynotbeabletoenjoytheirstatebenefitswhentheygotocollegeoutofthestate.38.Thefinancialaidtheauthorreceivesissupposedtocoverallhercollegeexpenses.

39.Whenthepersonwhodamagesdormfacilitiesisnotidentified,studentsarerequiredtosharethecost.

40.Thoughitisdifficultandembarrassing,studentsshouldmakeinquiriesaboutwhatfeestheyhavetopayandwhy.

41.Today,manyAmericanshavetogotocollegeonstudentloans.

42.Receivingeducationinaprivateuniversityinthenation'scapitalmaychangetheauthor'sfuturelifeandthatofherfamily's.

43.Studentsmaynolongerbequalifiedforfinancialaidiftheyperformpoorlyinschooloriftheirfamily

incomehasincreased.

44.Inadditiontotuition,collegestudentshavetopayextrafeesforthecoursestheytake.

45.Someschoolschargestudentsafeetotheirstudentaccountsforusingcreditcardstopaybills.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthe

bestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOme

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Towritehis2010book,The5-FactorWorldDiet,nutritionistHarleyPasternaktraveledtothehealthiestcountriesaroundtheworldtolearnmoreaboutwhatmadetheirmealsextranourishing.

HenotedthatJapanesepeopleateawonderfulvarietyofseaweeds,andthatChinesepeopletriedtoincludeatleastfivedifferentcolorsineverymeal.PasternakalsocameawaywithsomevaluableobservationsabouthowdifferenttheNorthAmericanwayoflifewas,comparedwithmanyothercountries.

Forstarters,Americanseatmuchbiggerportionsthanpeopleinothercountries.“Wedon'tprioritizeeatingseasonallyorlocally,andwealsoaddlotsofsalt,sugarandthickeningagentstoourfoods,”explainedPasternak.ContrastthattothehealthyMediterranean,NordicandOkinawandietslistedinPasternak'sbook.Theyallseemtosticktotheethos(特質(zhì))ofregional,seasonalproduce.

Forexample,atraditionalMediterraneandietincludesfruits,vegetables,wholegrains,nutsandoliveoilasthemaincomponentsofnutritionalintake.Fish,chickenandredwinemakemoderateappearances,whileredmeat,saltandsugarareusedmuchlessoften.ThebenefitsofatraditionalMediterraneandiethavebeenstudiedsincethe1970s,andresearchershavefoundthatlivingthatoliveoillifecanhelppeopleloseweight,lowertheirheartdiseaseriskandreversediabetes.

Mostotherhealthyeatingculturesalsomakemealsanevent—say,multiplecoursesaroundthefamilytable,oraglassortwoofredwineatalonglunch—asopposedtohastilywolfingdownhandfulsofcereal

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abovethekitchensinkandcallingitdinner.

Eachofthehealthyeatingcultureshasitsownuniquefeature.ButPasternakdidtakenoteofoneunifyingfactorinallofthehealthysocietiesheobserved.“TheonlyoverlappingfeatureinmostofthesehealthycountriesisthattheyallwalkwaymorethantheaverageAmerican,”saidPasternak.“Soreally,regardlessofwhatyou'reeating,ifsomeone'swalkingfourmilesmorethanyoueachday,they'regoingtobealotthinnerandlivealotlongerthanyou.”

46.WhatcharacterizesJapaneseandChinesefoods?

A)Variety.C)Color.

B)Flavor.D)Naturalness.

47.WhatistypicalofAmericansinthewayofeating?

A)Theyemphasizenutrition.

C)Theyprioritizeconvenience.

B)Theytendtoeatquitealot.

D)Theycareaboutflavors.

48.WhatfeaturesinMediterranean,Nordic

and

Okinawandiets?

A)Fruitsandvegetables.C)Seasonallocalproduce.

B)Oliveoilandredwine.D)Unprocessedingredients.

49.Whatdopeopleinmosthealthyeatingcultureshaveincommon?

A)Theygetthewholefamilytoeatatatable.

B)Theyeattheirmealsregularlyandpunctually.

C)Theyconsumeplentyofcerealforbreakfast.

D)Theyattachgreatimportancetotheirmeals.

50.ComparedwiththeaverageAmerican,peopleinhealthysocieties

A)walkatleast4milesadayC)paymoreattentiontobodyshape

B)doconsiderablymorewalkingD)consumealotmoreorganicfood

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Recognizingwhenafriendorcolleaguefeelssad,angryorsurprisediskeytogettingalongwithothers.Butanewstudysuggeststhatbeingsensitivetopeople'sfeelingsmaysometimescomewithanextradoseofstress.Thisandotherresearchchallengetheprevailingviewthatemotionalintelligenceisuniformlybeneficialtoitsbearer.

Inastudy,psychologistMyriamBechtoldtoftheFrankfurtSchoolofFinanceandManagementinGermanyasked166maleuniversitystudentsaseriesofquestionstomeasuretheiremotionalintelligence.Forexample,theyshowedthestudentsphotographsofpeople'sfacesandaskedthemtowhatextentfeelingssuchashappinessordisgustwerebeingexpressed.Thestudentsthenhadtogivejobtalksinfrontofjudgeswhodisplayedseriousfacialexpressions.Thescientistsmeasuredconcentrationsofstresshormonesinthestudents'saliva(唾液)beforeandafterthetalk.

Instudentswhowereratedmoreemotionallyintelligent,thestressmeasuresincreasedmoreduringtheexperimentandtooklongertogobacktobaseline.Thefindingssuggestthatsomepeoplemaybetooemotionallycleverfortheirowngood,saysBechtoldt.“Sometimesyoucanbesogoodatsomethingthatitcausestrouble,”shenotes.

Indeed,thestudyaddstopreviousresearchhintingatadarksideofemotionalintelligence.Astudypublishedin2002inPersonalityandIndividualDifferencessuggestedthatemotionallyperceptivepeoplemightbeparticularlyinfluencedbyfeelingsofdepressionandhopelessness.Furthermore,severalstu