高考英語語法填空題（即所給單詞的正確形式填空）考點(diǎn)解析與練習(xí)（含答案）既然是”所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式”，也就是前廣東卷語法填空（全國(guó)卷從2014年開始才出現(xiàn)此題型，暫時(shí)未有名稱）的實(shí)詞部分——?jiǎng)釉~、名詞、形容詞、和副詞做詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞可以是上述詞類的其中一種，根據(jù)句子的內(nèi)部語法結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，再根據(jù)上下文的意義邏輯進(jìn)行詞義轉(zhuǎn)換，統(tǒng)稱詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。其中，按照歷年高考真題，須填寫的目標(biāo)詞為動(dòng)詞的一般占30%-40%，目標(biāo)詞為名詞的約占10%-20%，形容詞和副詞（不算虛詞副詞）10%-20%。各詞類的考點(diǎn)考法可參考下圖的右邊部分：對(duì)于高三學(xué)生，要做好這種題型，純粹從解題技巧出發(fā)，可分為兩個(gè)方面：一、弄清詞性語法填空考察的四類實(shí)詞一般充當(dāng)一些必要的句子成分，如謂語、主語、表語等，還有其它的句子成分，如定語、狀語等。不同的句子成分由不同的詞類構(gòu)成，通過觀察句子結(jié)構(gòu)，劃分句子成分，可以分辨出劃線處需要一個(gè)什么詞性的單詞去充當(dāng)該空的句子成分。二、變好詞形詞形變換最淺顯的例子就是形容詞變副詞加-ly后綴了。諸如這類由一種詞性通過添加前后綴轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種詞性的規(guī)則既多又雜，需要平時(shí)做好積累，見一個(gè)摘抄一個(gè)，并做好歸納，從中總結(jié)出規(guī)律。此外，還有如在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)且主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)謂語需進(jìn)行變化（一般加s），名詞單復(fù)數(shù)，形容詞副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)等等，也需要在下筆時(shí)加以考慮。總之，語法規(guī)則是死的，語言才是活的。平時(shí)除了課本，多看合適的（看得懂時(shí)有幾個(gè)陌生單詞的）英文材料，這些語言規(guī)則就能慢慢內(nèi)化，最終做到深諳于心。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練A閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for61（be）Britain’soldestfull-timeemployee-stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield，62sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave63（final）beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated（提名）hertobeCheshire’sWomanOfTheYear.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award，proudIrene64（declare）shehadnoplans65（retire）fromher36-year-oldbusiness.Irenesaid，“Idon’tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI66（make）overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,67becauseIwantto.”GranddaughterGayleParks，31-whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness-saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid，“Wedon’thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall68（say）shewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwas69joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It’s70(wonder）.”61._________62._________63._________64.__________65.____________66._________67._________68._________69.__________70.____________B閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence61theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen62(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.Modemmethods63trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive64(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunayut65(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa66(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby67(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯(cuò)覺)thatpopulationsare68(high)thantheyactuallyare.Of69nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six70(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.61._________62._________63._________64.__________65.____________66._________67._________68._________69.__________70.____________C閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Teaisenjoyedallovertheworldasacomfortingtreat.First,choosethetypeofteayouwanttodrink.Therearevarioustypesofteathatofferdifferenthealth____61____(benefit)andflavors.Next,boilapotofwaterandpouritoveryourtea.Allowyourteatosoakthoroughly.Addmilkandsugartoincreasetheflavorofboldteasoraddhoney____62____lightlyflavoredteasifdesired.Greenteaisknownfor____63____(it)highlevelofacancer-fightingchemical.____64____,greenteaishighincaffeineandcanmakeyoufeelanxiousandnervousifyoudrinktoomuch.Itissaidthatoolongteamaypromotehealthyskinandblackteacan____65____(great)reducetheriskofbreastcancerinyoungerwomen.Writeteaishelpfulinpreventingcavitiesandbuildingthe____66____(strong)ofyourteeth.Therehavebeenmanyclaimsaboutherbalteaswhichcandogoodtohealth,butthereislimitedresearchor____67____(support)dataontheseclaims.Mostteascan____68____(buy)andtransportedintinsoflooseteaorinsmallpackagesofteabags.Somepeoplebelievethatlooseleafteashavea____69____(fresh)flavorthanteabags____70____otherspreferteabagsbecausethey’remucheasiertouseandcarryaround.61._________62._________63._________64.__________65.____________66._________67._________68._________69.__________70.____________D閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Americanpopularmusicisplayedallovertheworld.Peopleofallagesinallcountriesenjoy61(listen)toit.Thereasonsfor62popularityareitsfastpaceandrhythmicbeat.ThemusichasmanyoriginsintheUnitedStates.Countrymusic,63(come)fromtheruralareasinthesouthernUnitedStates,isonesource.Manypeopleappreciatethismusicbecauseoftheemotions64(express)bycountrymusicsongs.AsecondoriginofAmericanpopularmusicsitheblues.Itdescribedmostlysadfeelings65(reflect)thedifficultlivesofAmericanblacks.Itisusuallyplayedandsungbyblackmusicians,butitispopularwithallAmericans.Rockmusicisanewerformofmusic.Thismusicstylewasknown66rockandrollinthe1950’s.Sincethenthere67(be)manyformsofrockmusic,hardrock,softrock,punkrock,discomusicandothers.Many68(perform)ofpopularrockmusicareyoungmusicians.Peoplehearthesesongs69(sing)intheiroriginalEnglishorsometimestranslatedtootherlanguages.Thewordsmaydiffer70theenjoymentofthemusicisuniversal.61._________62._________63._________64.__________65.____________66._________67._________68._________69.__________70.____________E在句子空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容DuringtheAmericanCivilWar,ayoungman__61__(name)RoswellMcIntyrewasdraftedintothearmy.Thewarwasnotgoingwell.Thearmyneeded__62__(soldier)somuchthathewassentintobattlewithoutbeingtrained.Roswellbecamefrightenedandran.Laterhe__63__(sentence)tobeshotfordesertion.Roswell’smotherappealedtoPresidentLincoln,__64__(beg)thathewasyoungandinexperienced,andthatheneeded__65__secondchance.Lincolnthoughtandprayed.Thenhewrotean__66__(admiration)statement."Ihavenoticed,"hesaid,"thatitneverdoesaboymuchgoodtoshoothim."Hewrotethisletterinhisownhandwriting:"RoswellMcIntyre__67__(be)tobereadmittedintothearmy.Whenheservesouthisrequiredenlistment(服兵役期),hewillbefreedofanychargesofdesertion."Thatletter,signedbyPresidentLincoln,is__68__displayintheLibraryofCongress.Besideitthereisanote,__69__reads,"ThisletterwastakenfromthebodyofRoswellMcIntyre,whodiedrespectablyattheBattleofFiveForksinVirginia."Nowyoumightbe__70__(vast)surprisedatthepowerofforgiveness.61._________62._________63._________64.__________65.____________66._________67._________68._________69.__________70.____________F閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Agroupofclassmatesgottogethertovisittheiroldteacher.Theseclassmatesallhadgoodjobsandmadelotsofmoney.Theytalked61(happy).Theteacheraskedthemthedifficultytheyhad62(achieve)theirdreams.Thentheirtalksoonturnedtocomplainingaboutthestressinworkandlife.Theteacherwentto63kitchenandcamebackwithalargepotofcoffeeandmanycups-chinaones,plasticonesandglassones.Someareplainlooking,someareexpensiveandsomearelovely.Theteachertoldthemtohelp64(they)tothecoffee.Whenallthestudentshadacupofcoffeeinhand,theteachersaid,“Canyounoticethatallofyoutooknice-lookingexpensivecups,leaving65theplainandcheapones?Youwantonlythebestforyourselves,66isthesourceofyourproblems.”“Whatallofyoureallywantedwascoffee,notthecup,67youwentforthebestcupsandthenbeganlookingateachother’scups.”“Nowthinkaboutthis:lifeisthecoffee,andthejobs,moneyandpositioninsociety68(be)thecups.Theyarejust69(tool)tohold,anddonotchangethelife.Sometimes,bycaringonlyaboutthecups,wefail70(enjoy)thecoffee.Sodon’tletthecupsdriveyou,andenjoythecoffeeinstead.”6