必修1第一單元

Reading閱讀

ANNE'SBESTFRIEND

Doyouwantafriendwhomyoucouldtelleverythingto,likeyourdeepestfeelingsandthoughts?

Orareyouafraidthatyourfriendwouldlaughatyou,orwouldnotunderstandwhatyouaregoing

through?AnneFrankwantedthefirstkind,soshemadeherdiaryherbestfriend.

安妮最好的朋友

你想不想有一位無話不談能推心置腹的朋友？或者你會不會擔心你的朋友會嘲笑你,會不理

解你目前的困境呢？安妮?弗蘭克想要的是第一種類型的朋友，所以她把的日記視為自己最

好的朋友。

AnnelivedinAmsterdamintheNetherlandsduringWorldWarILHerfamilywasJewishsothe

hadtohideortheywouldbecaughtbytheGermanNazis.Sheandherfamilyhideawayfortwo

yearsbeforetheywerediscovered.Duringthattimetheonlytruefriendwasherdiary.Shesaid,"I

don'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiaryasmostpeopledo,butIwantthisdiaryitselfto

bemyfriend,andIshallcallmyfriendKitty.^^Nowreadhowshefeltafterbeinginthehiding

placesinceJuly1942.

在第二次世界大戰期間，安妮住在荷蘭的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是猶太人，所以他們不得

不躲藏起來，否則就會被德國的納粹分子抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了25個月之后才被發現。

在那段時期，她的日記成了她唯一忠實的朋友。她說：“我不愿像大多數人那樣在日記中記

流水賬。我要把我的日記當作自己的朋友，我把我的這個朋友叫做基蒂。”現在，來看看安

妮自1942年7月起躲進藏身處后的那種心情吧。

Thursday15,June,1944

Dearkitty,

Iwonderifit'sbecauseIhaven'tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatFvegrownsocrazy

abouteverythingtodowithnature.Icanwellrememberthattherewasatimewhenadeepblue

sky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.That's

changedsinceIwashere.

...Forexample,whenitwassowarm,Istayedawakeonpurposeuntilhalfpastelevenone

eveninginordertohaveagoodlookatthemoonforoncebymyself.Butasthemoongavefartoo

muchlight,Ididn'tdareopenawindow.Anothertimesomemonthsago,Ihappenedtobe

upstairsoneeveningwhenthewindowwasopen.Ididn'tgodownstairsuntilthewindowhadto

beshut.Thedark,rainyevening,thewind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower;

itwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI'dseenthenightfacetoface...

...Sadly...Iamonlyabletolookatnaturethroughdirtycurtainshangingbeforeverydusty

windows.It'snopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecausenatureisonethingthatreally

mustbeexperienced.

Yours,

Anne

1944年6月150,星期四

親愛的基蒂：

我不知道這是不是因為我太久無法出門的緣故，我變得對一切與大自然有關的事物都無比狂

熱。我記得非常清楚，以前，湛藍的天空、鳥兒的歌唱、月光和鮮花，從未令我心迷神往過。

自從我來到這里之后，這一切都變了。

……比如說，有一天晚上天氣很暖和，我故意熬到晚上11點半都不睡覺，為的就是能獨自

好好地看看月亮。但是因為月光太亮了，我都不敢打開窗戶。還有一次，就在五個月以前的

一個晚上，我碰巧在樓上，窗戶是開著的，我一直呆到非關窗不可的時候才下樓去。漆黑的

雨夜，刮著大風，電閃雷鳴，烏云滾滾，我完全被這種景象鎮住了。這是我一年半以來第一

次親眼目睹的夜晚……

……不幸的是……我只能透過那滿是灰塵的窗簾下那臟兮兮的窗戶看看大自然。只能隔著窗

戶看那大自然實在沒意思，因為大自然是需要真正體驗的東西。

你的安妮

UsingLanguage語言運用

Readingandlistening讀與聽

1ReadtheletterthatLisawrotetoMissWangofRadioforTeenagersandpredictwhatMiss

Wangwillsay.Afterlistening,checkanddiscussheradvice.

DearMissWang,

Iamhavingsometroublewithmyclassmatesatthemoment.Tmgettingalongwellwithaboyin

myclass.Weoftendohomeworktogetherandweenjoyhelpingeachother.Wehavebecome

reallygoodfriends.Butotherstudentshavestartedgossiping.TheysaythatthisboyandIhave

falleninlove.Thishasmademeangry.Idon'twanttoendthefriendship,butIhateothers

gossiping.WhatshouldIdo?

Yours,

Lisa

1讀讀琳達為青少年寫給電臺王小組的這封信，然后王小姐可能會怎么說。聽完錄音之后,

核對并討論她的建議。

親愛的王小姐：

現在我同班上的同學有些麻煩事。我跟我們班里的一位男同學一直相處的很好。我們常常一

起做家庭作業，而且很樂意互相幫助。我們成了真正好朋友?？墒?，其他同學卻在背后議論

起來，他們說我和這位男同學在談戀愛，這使我很生氣。我不想中斷這段友誼，但是，我又

討厭人家背后說閑話。我該怎么辦呢？

你的莉薩

Readingandwriting讀與寫

MissWanghasreceivedaletterfromXiaodong.Heisalsoaskingforsomeadvice.Readtheletter

ontherightcarefullyandhelpMissWanganswerit.

王小姐收到小冬的一封來信。小冬是要征求一些意見。仔細閱讀右邊的信，然后幫王小姐回

復。

DearMissWang,

I'mastudentfromHuzhouSeniorHighSchool.Ihaveaproblem.Fmnotverygoodat

communicatingwithpeople.AlthoughItrytotalktomyclassmates,Istillfindithardtomake

goodfriendswiththem.SoIfeelquitelonelysometimes.Idowanttochangethissituation,butI

don'tknowhow.Iwouldbegratefulifyoucouldgivemesomeadvice.

Yours,

Xiaodong

親愛的王小姐：

我是湖州高中的一名學生，我有一個難題，我不大善于與人們交際。雖然我試著和班上的同

學交談，但是，我還是很難跟他們成為好朋友。因此，有時候我感到十分的孤獨。我確實想

改變這種現狀，但是我卻不知道怎么辦。如果您能給我提些建議，我會非常感謝的。

你的小東

2Decidewhicharethebestideasandputthemintoanorder.Thenwritedownyouradviceand

explainhowitwillhelp.Eachideacanmakeoneparagraph.Thefollowingsampleandthe

expressionsmayhelpyou

DearXiaodong,

I'msorryyouarehavingtroubleinmakingfriends.However,thesituationiseasytochangeif

youfollowmyadvice.Herearesometipstohelpyou.

First,whynot...?

Ifyoudothis,...

Secondly,youcould/can...

Then/Thatway,...

Thirdly,itwouldbeagoodideaif...

Bydoingthis,...

Ihopeyouwillfindtheseideasuseful.

Yours

MissWang

2決定哪些是最好并把它們按順序組織起來。然后把你的建議寫出來，并解釋它為什么會

有所幫助。每個想法可以自成一個段落。下面的例子和表達可能對你有所幫助。

親愛的小冬：

很遺憾聽說你在交朋友的過程中遇到了困難。但是，如果你聽聽我的建議，這種情況是很容

易改變的。這些建議會對你有所幫助。

第一，為什么不……呢？

如果你這樣做……

第二，你可以……

這樣的話……

第三，如果……那將是個不錯的主意。

通過做……

我希望你會發現這些想法對你有所幫助。

你的王小姐

LEARNINGTIP學習建議

It'sagoodhabitforyoutokeepadiary.Itcanhelpyourememberpastevents.Youcanexpress

yourfeelingsandthoughtsinit.ItwillhelpyouimproveyourEnglishifyouwriteyourdiaryin

English.Whynothaveatry?

寫日記對你來說是一個好習慣。它可以幫你記住一些過去發生的事件。你還可以在日記中表

達你的情感和思想。如果你用英語寫日記的話，還可以幫助你提高英語水平。為什么不試一

試呢？

第二單元

Reading閱讀

THEROADTOMODERNENGLISH

Attheendofthe16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.Nearlyallof

themlivedinEngland.Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyagestoconquer

otherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat,Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.

Today,morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst,secondorforeignlanguagethaneverbefore.

通向現代英語之路

在16世紀末，大約有五至七百萬人講英語。幾乎所有這些講英語的人都住在英格蘭。在其

后的一個世紀中，英格蘭人為征服世界航海到了世界其他一些地方，結果世界的其他地方的

人們也開始說英語了。今天，把英語作為自己的第一語言、第二語言或外語來使用的人比以

往任何時候都多。

NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon'tspeakthesamekindof

English.Lookatthisexample:

BritishBetty:Wouldyouliketoseemyflat?

AmericanAmy:Yes,Tdliketocomeuptoyourapartment.

以英語作為母語的人，即使他們所講不是同一種英語，他們也能彼此聽懂。請看看這個例子:

英國人貝蒂：來看看我的公寓嗎？

美國人艾米：好的，我來看看你的公寓吧。

SowhyhasEnglishchangedovertime?Actuallyalllanguageschangeanddevelopwhencultures

meetandcommunicatewitheachother.AtfirsttheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD

450and1150wasverydifferentfromtheEnglishspokentoday.ItwasbasedmoreonGerman

thantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.ThengraduallybetweenaboutAD800and1150,English

becamelesslikeGermanbecausethosewhoruledEnglandspokenfirstDanishandlaterFrench.

ThesenewsettlersenrichedtheEnglishlanguageandespeciallyitsvocabulary.Sobythe1600's

Shakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.In1620someBritish

settlersmovedtoAmerica.Laterinthe18thcenturysomeBritishpeopleweretakentoAustralia

too.Englishbegantobespokeninbothcountries.

那么，隨著時間的推移英語為什么發生了變化呢？實際上，當不同文化相互交流滲透時，所

有的語言都會有所發展和變化。開始，英格蘭人在大約公元450年到1150年之間所說的英

語與我們今天所說的英語很不一樣。當時的英語更多的是以德語為基礎的，不像我們現在說

的英語。后來，大約在公元800年至1150年之間，英語慢慢變得不那么像德語，因為統治

英格蘭的那些人開始是說丹麥語，后來說法語。這些新來的定居者豐富了英語語言，尤其是

豐富了英語詞匯。所以到17世紀初的時候，莎士比亞能夠得以使用比以往任何時候都豐富

的詞匯。1620年一些英國定居者來到了美洲，后來到了18世紀的時候，一些英國人還被帶

到了澳大利亞。英語也就開始在這兩個國家使用。

Finallybythe19thcenturythelanguagewassettled.AtthattimetwobigchangesinEnglish

spellinghappened:firstSamuelJohnsonwrotehisdictionaryandlaterNoahWebsterwroteThe

AmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.ThelattergaveaseparateidentitytoAmerican

Englishspelling.

最后到19世紀的時候，英語這種語言就變得穩定了。當時，英語的拼寫發生了兩個很大的

變化:先是塞繆爾?約翰遜編寫了他的英語詞典，后是諾亞?韋伯斯特出版了《美國英語詞典》。

后者使得美式英語的拼寫有了其獨特的個性。

EnglishnowisalsospokenasaforeignorsecondlanguageinSouthAsia.Forexample,Indiahas

averylargenumberoffluentEnglishspeakersbecauseBritainruledIndiafrom1765to1947.

DuringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducation.Englishisalso

spokeninSingaporeandMalaysiaandcountriesinAfricasuchasSouthAfrica.Todaythe

numberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidly.Infact,Chinamayhavethe

largestnumberofEnglishlearners.WillChineseEnglishdevelopitsownidentity?Onlytimewill

tell.

現在英語在南亞地區也被作為外語或第二語言使用。比如，印度就有很多人說英語說得很流

利，因為在1765年到1947年之間英國統治著印度。在此期間，英語成了印度政府和教育所

用的語言。在新加坡和馬來西亞以及像非洲的南非，人們現在也說英語。當今，在中國學英

語的人數正在快速增加，事實上，中國可能是學英語人數最多的國家。中國式英語是否也能

發展成一種具有自己獨特個性的語言？這還有待時間去證明。

UsingLanguage語言運用

STANDARDENGLISHANDDIALECTS

WhatisstandardEnglish?IsitspokeninBritain,theUS,Canada,Australia,IndiaandNew

Zealand?Believeitornot,thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.Manypeoplebelievethe

EnglishspokenonTVandtheradioisstandardEnglish.Thisisbecauseintheearlydaysofradio,

thosewhoreportedthenewswereexpectedtospeakexcellentEnglish.However,onTVandthe

radioyouwillheardifferencesinthewaypeoplespeak.

Whenpeopleusewordsandexpressionsdifferentform''standardlanguage”，itiscalledadialect.

AmericanEnglishhasmanydialects,especiallythemidwestern,southern,AfricanAmericanand

Spanishdialects.EveninsomepartsoftheUSA,twopeoplefromneighbouringtownsspeaka

littledifferently.AmericanEnglishhassomanydialectsbecausepeoplehavecomefromallover

theworld.

Geographyalsoplaysapartinmakingdialects.Somepeoplewholiveinthemountainsofthe

easternUSAspeakwithanolderkindofEnglishdialect.WhenAmericansmovedformoneplace

toanother,theytooktheirdialectswiththem.Sopeoplefromthemountainsinthesoutheastern

USAspeakwithalmostthesamedialectaspeopleinthenorthwesternUSA.TheUSAisalarge

countryinwhichmanydifferentdialectsarespoken.AlthoughmanyAmericansmovealot,they

stillrecognizeandunderstandeachother'sdialects.

什么是標準英語？是在英國、美國、加拿大、澳大利亞、印度、新西蘭所說的英語嗎？信不

信由你，（世界上）沒有什么標準英語。許多人認為，電視和收音機里所說的英語就是標準

英語，這是因為在早期的電臺節目里，人們期望新聞播音員所說的英語是最好的英語。然而,

在電視和收音機里，你也會聽出人們在說話時的差異。

當人們使用不同于“標準語言”的詞語和表達時，那就叫做方言。美國英語有許多方言，特

別是中西部地區和南部地區的方言，以及美國黑人和西班牙人的方言。即使在美國有些地區,

兩個相鄰城鎮的人所說的方言也可能稍有不同。美國英語之所以有這么多的方言是因為美國

人是來自世界各地的緣故。

地理位置對方言的形成也有所影響。住在美國東部山區的一些人說著比較古老的英語方言。

當美國人從一個地方搬到另一個地方時，他們也就把他們的方言隨著帶去了。因此，美國東

南部山區的人同美國西北部的人所說的方言就幾乎相同。美國是一個大國，有著許許多多彼

此不同的方言。雖然許多美國人經常搬家，但是他們仍然能夠辨別和理解彼此的方言。

Readingandspeaking讀與說

1AmyandherAmericanfriendsarevisitingLondon.TheyplantovisitAmy'sauntanddecide

togotherebyunderground,butcannotfindthenearestundergroundstation.Sosheasks

directionsandthentellsherfriends.Readthedialogueandcirclethewordsthatmeanthesame.

1艾米和她的美國朋友正在參觀倫敦。她們計劃去拜訪艾米的姑媽，并決定乘地鐵去，但

是她們找不到最近的地鐵站。所以她問問了路，然后告訴她的朋友。讀對話，然后圈出意思

相同的詞。

AMY:Excuseme,Ma'ma.Couldyoutellmewherethenearestsubwaysis?

LADY:Er...theunderground?Well,goroundthecorneronyourleft-handside,straightonand

crosstwostreets.It,llbeonyourright-handside.

AMY:Thankssomuch.

FRIENDS:Whatdidshesay,Amy?

AMY:Shetoldustogoaroundthecornerontheleftandkeepgoingstraightfortwoblocks.The

subwaywillbeonourright.

艾米：對不起，夫人，你能告訴我去最近的地鐵站怎么走嗎？

夫人：呃……地鐵？哦，往左邊拐過去，一直往前走，走過兩條街，地鐵就是右邊。

艾米：多謝了。

朋友：艾米，她說什么？

艾米：她叫我們往左邊拐過去，一直往前走，走過兩條街，地鐵就是右邊。

【意思相同的詞】

subway-Tunderground（地鐵）

right-handside<—?right（右邊）

street<—?block街道，街區

第三單元

Traveljournal

JOURNEYDOWNTHEMEKONG

PART1THEDREAMANDTHEPLAN

MynameisWangKun.Eversincemiddleschool,mysisterWangWeiandIhavedreamed

abouttakingagreatbiketrip.Twoyearsagosheboughtanexpensivemountainbikeandthenshe

persuadedmetobuyone.Lastyear,shevisitedourcousins,DaoWeiandYuHangattheir

collegeinKunming.TheyareDaiandgrewupinwesternYunnanProvinceneartheLancang

River,theChinesepartoftheriverthatiscalledtheMekongRiverinothercountries.WangWei

soongottheminterestedincyclingtoo.Aftergraduatingfromcollege.wefinallygotthechanceto

takeabiketrip.Iaskedmysister,"Wherearewegoing?'*Itwasmysisterwhofirsthadtheidea

tocyclealongtheentireMekongRiverfromwhereitbeginstowhereitends.Nowsheisplanning

ourscheduleforthetrip.

Iamfondofmysisterbutshehasoneseriousshortcoming.Shecanbereallystubborn.Although

shedidn*tknowthebestwayofgettingtoplaces,sheinsistedthatsheorganizethetripproperly.

Now,Iknowthattheproperwayisalwaysherway.Ikeptaskingher,"Whenareweleavingand

whenarewecomingback?"Iaskedherwhethershehadlookedatamapyet.Ofcourse,she

hadn't;mysisterdoesn*tcareaboutdetails.SoItoldherthatthesourceoftheMekongisin

QinghaiProvince.Shegavemeadeterminedlook-thekindthatsaidshewouldnotchangeher

mind.WhenItoldherthatourjourneywouldbeginatanaltitudeofmorethan5,000metres,she

seemedtobeexcitedaboutit.WhenItoldhertheairwouldbehardtobreatheanditwouldbe

verycold,shesaiditwouldbeaninterestingexperience.Iknowmysisterwell.Onceshehas

madeuphermind,nothingcanchangeit.Finally,Ihadtogivein.

Severalmonthsbeforeourtrip,WangWeiandIwenttothelibrary.Wefoundalargeatlas

withgoodmapsthatshoweddetailsofworldgeography.Fromtheatlaswecouldseethatthe

MekongRiverbeginsinaglacieronaTibetanmountain.Atfirsttheriverissmallandthewateris

clearandcold.Thenitbeginstomovequickly.Itbecomesrapidsasitpassesthroughdeepvalleys,

travellingacrosswesternYunnanProvince.Sometimestheriverbecomesawaterfallandenters

widevalleys.WewerebothsurprisedtolearnthathalfoftheriverisinChina.Afteritleaves

Chinaandthehighaltitude,theMekongbecomeswide,brownandwarm.AsitentersSoutheast

Asia,itspaceslows.Itmakeswidebendsormeandersthroughlowvalleystotheplainswhererice

grows.Atlast,theriverdeltaenterstheSouthChinaSea.

沿湄公河而下的旅行

第一部分夢想與計劃

我的名字叫王坤。從高中起，我姐姐和我就一直夢想作一次偉大的自行車旅行。兩年前，

她買了一輛價錢昂貴的山地自行車，然后她還說服我也買了一輛。去年她去看望了我們的表

兄弟一在昆明讀大學的刀偉和宇航。他們是傣族人，在云南省西部靠近瀾滄江的地方長大，

湄公河在中國境內的這一段叫瀾滄江，流經其他國家后就叫湄公河。很快，王薇使表兄弟也

對騎車旅行產生了興趣。到大學畢業后，我們終于有了作一次騎車旅行的機會。我問姐姐：

“我們要去哪里？”首先想到要沿湄公河從源頭到終點騎車旅行的是我的姐姐?，F在，她正

為這次旅行制訂計劃。

我很喜歡我姐姐，但是她有一個嚴重的缺點，她有時確實很固執。盡管她對到某些地方

的最佳路線并不清楚，她卻堅持要把這次旅行安排的盡善盡美?，F在我知道了這個盡善盡美

的方式總是她的方式。我老是問她：“我們什么時候動身？什么時候回來？"我問她是否已

經看過地圖。當然她并沒有看過，我的姐姐是不會考慮細節的。于是我告訴她湄公河的源頭

在青海省。她給了我一個堅定的眼神一這種眼神表明她是不會改變主意的。當我告訴她我們

的旅行將從5000多米的的高地出發時，她似乎顯得很興奮。當我告訴她那里空氣稀薄，呼

吸會很困難，而且天氣會很冷時，她卻說這將是一次很有趣的經歷。我非常了解我的姐姐，

她一旦下了決心，就什么也不能使她改變。最后，我只好讓步了。

在我們旅行前的幾個月，王薇和我去了圖書館。我們找到了一本大型的地圖冊，里面有

一些世界地理的明細圖。我們從圖上可以看到，湄公河源于西藏一座山上的冰川。起初，河

很小，河水清澈而冷冽，然后它開始快速流動。它穿過深谷時就變成了急流。流經云南西部。

有時，這條河形成瀑布進入寬闊的峽谷。我們驚奇的發現這條河有一半是在中國境內。當流

出中國，流出高地后，湄公河就變寬，變暖了。河水也變成了黃褐色。而當它進入東南亞以

后，流速減慢，河水變寬慢慢地穿過低谷，到了長著稻谷的平原。最后，湄公河三角洲的各

支流流入中國南海。

Readinganddiscussing

JOURNEYDOWNTHEMEKONG

PART2ANIGHTINTHEMOUNTAINS

Althoughitwasautumn,thesnowwasalreadybeginningtofallinTibet.Ourlegsweresoheavy

andcoldthattheyfeltlikeblocksofice.Haveyoueverseensnowmenridebicycles?That'swhat

welookedlike!Alongthewaychildrendressedinlongwoolcoatsstoppedtolookatus.Inthe

lateafternoonwefounditwassocoldthatourwaterbottlesfroze.However,thelakesshonelike

glassinthesettingsunandlookedwonderful.WangWeirodeinfrontofmeasusual.Sheisvery

reliableandIknewIdid'tneedtoencourageher.Toclimbthemountainswashardworkbutaswe

lookedaroundus,weweresurprisedbytheview.Weseemedtobeabletoseeformiles.Atone

pointweweresohighthatwefoundourselvescyclingthroughclouds.Thenwebegangoingdown

thehills.ltwasgreatfunespeciallyasitgraduallybecamemuchwarmer.Inthevalleyscolourful

butterfliesflewaroundusandwesawmanyyaksandsheepeatinggreengrass.Atthispointwe

hadtochangeourcaps,coats,glovesandtrousersforT-shirtsandshorts.

Intheearlyeveningwealwaysstoptomakecamp.Weputupourtentandthenweeat.After

supperWangWeiputherheaddownonherpillowandwenttosleepbutIstayedawake.At

midnighttheskybecameclearerandthestarsgrewbrighter.Itwassoquiet.Therewasalmostno

wind-onlytheflamesofourfireforcompany.AsIlaybeneaththestarsIthoughtabouthowfar

wehadalreadytravelled.

WewillreachDaliinYunnanProvincesoon,whereourcousinsDaoWeiandYuHangwilljoin

us.Wecanhardlywaittoseethem!

Unit4Earthquakes

Reading

ANIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN'TSLEEP

StrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheastHebei.Forthreedaysthewaterin

thevillagewellsroseandfell,roseandfell.Farmersnoticedthatthewellwallshaddeepcracksin

them.Asmellygascameoutofthecracks.Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigswere

toonervoistoeat.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide.Fishjumpedoutoftheir

bowlsandponds.Atabout3:00amonjuly28,1976,somepeoplesawbrightlightsinthesky.The

soundofplanescouldbeheardoutsidethecityofTangshanevenwhennoplaneswereinthe

sky.Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.buttheonemillionpeopleof

thecity,whothiughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.

At3:42ameverythingbegantoshake.ltseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!Elevenkilometres

directlybelowthecitythegreatestearthquakeofthe20thcenturyhadbegun.ltwasfeltin

Beijing,whichismorethantwohundredkilometresaway.One-thirdofthenationfeltit.Ahuge

crackthatwaseightkilometreslongandthirtymetreswidecutacrosshouses,roadsand

canals.Steamburstfromholesintheground.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdir.Infifteen

terriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.Thesufferingofthepeoplewasextreme.Two-thirdsof

themdiedorwereleftwithoutparents.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreached

morethan400,000.

Buthowcouldthesurvivorsbelieveitwasnatural?Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwas

destroyed.Allofthecity'shospitals,75%ofitsfactoriesandbuildingsand90%ofitshomeswere

gone.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves.Nowind,however,couldblowthem

away.Twodamsfellandmostofthebridgesalsofellorwerenotsafefortravelling.Therailway

trackswerenowuselesspiecesofsteeLTensofthousandsofcowswouldnevergivemilk

again.Halfamillionoigsandmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadof

water.Peoplewereshocked.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhichwasalmostas

strongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.Someoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrapped

undertheruins.Morebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehardtoget.peoplebegab

towonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.

Allhopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantohelpthe

rescueworkers.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Thearmyorganizedteamstodig

outthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.Tothenorthofthecity,mostofthe10,000

minerswererescuedfromthecoalminesthere.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomes

hadbeendestroyed.Freshwaterwastakentothecitybutrain,truckandplane.Slowly,thecity

begantobreatheagain.

OfficeoftheCityGovernment

Tangshan,Hebei

China

July5,2007

Dear,

Congratulations!Wearepleasedtotellyouthatyouhavewonthehighschoolspeaking

competitionaboutnewTangshan.Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges,allofwhom

agreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.Yourparentsandyourschoolshouldbeveryproudof

you!

Nextmonththecitywillopenanewparktohonourthosewhodiedintheterribledisaster.The

parkwillalsohonourthosewhohelpedthesurvivors.Ourofficewouldliketohaveyouspeakto

theparkvistorsonJuly28at11:00am.Asyouknow,thisisthedaythequakehappened

thirty-yearsago.

Weinviteyoutobringyourfamilyandfriendsonthatspecialday.

Sincerely,

ZhangSha

Unit5

ELIAS,STORY

MynameisElias.IamapoorblackworkerinSouthAfrica.ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelson

Mandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.Iwastwelveyearsold.Itwasin1952and

MandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.Heofferedguidancetopoorblack

peopleontheirlegalproblems.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,forwhichIwasgrateful.

IneededhishelpbecauseIhadverylittleeducation.Ibeganschoolatsix.TheschoolwhereI

studiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometersaway.Ihadtoleavebecausemyfamilycouldnot

continuetopaytheschoolfeesandthebusfare.Icouldnotreadorwritewell.Aftertryinghard,I

gotajobinagoldmine.However,thiswasatimewhenonehadgottohaveapassbooktolivein

Johannesburg.SadlyIdidnothaveitbecauseIwasnotbornthere,andIworriedaboutwhetherI

wouldbecomeoutofwork.

ThedaywhenNelsonMandelahelpedmewasoneofmyhappiest.Hetoldmyhowtogetthe

correctpaperssoIcouldstayinJohannesburg.Ibecamemorehopefulaboutmyfuture.Inever

forgothowkindMandelawas.WhenheorganizedtheANCYouthLeague,IjoineditassoonasI

could.Hesaid:

叮helastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress,until

todaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsat

Itwasthetruth.Blackpeoplecouldnotvoteorchoosetheirleaders.Theycouldnotgetthejobs

theywanted.Thepartsoftowninwhichtheyhadtoliveweredecidedbywhitepeople.The

placesoutsidethetownswheretheyweresenttolivewerethepoorestpartsofSouthAfrica.No

onecouldgrowfoodthere.InfactasNelsonMandelasaid:

”...wewereputintoapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportantorfight

thegovernment.Wechosetoattackthelaws.Wefirstbrokethelawinawaywhichwaspeaceful;

whenthiswasnotallowed...onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.

Asamatteroffact,Idonotlikeviolence...butin1963Ihelpedhimblowupsomegovernment

buildings.ItwasverydangerousbecauseifIwascaughtIcouldbeputinprison.ButIwashappy

tohelpbecauseIknewitwouldhelpusachieveourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeople

equal.

THERESTOFELIAS'STORY

YoucannotimaginehowthenameofRobbenIslandmadeusafraid.Itwasaprisonfromwhich

nooneescaped.ThereIspentthehardesttimeofmylife.ButwhenIgotthereNelsomMandela

wasalsothereandhehelpedme.MrMandelabeganaschoolforthoseofuswhohadlittle

learning.Hetaughtusduringthelunchbreaksandtheeveningswhenweshouldhavebeenasleep.

Wereadbooksunderourblanketsandusedanythingwecouldfindtomakecandlestoseethe

words.Ibecameagoodstudent.IwantedtostudyformydegreebutIwasnotallowedtodothat.

Later,MrMandelaallowedtheprisonguardstojoinus.Hesaidtheyshouldnotbestoppedfrom

studyingfortheirdegrees.Theywerenotclevererthanme,buttheydidpasstheirexams.SoI

knweIcouldgetadegreetoo.Thatmademefeelgoodaboutmyself.

WhenIfinishedthefouryearsinprison,Iwenttofindajob.SinceIwasbettereducated,Igota

jobworkinginanoffice.However,thepolicefoundoutandtoldmybossthatIhadbeenin

prinsonforblowingupgovernmentbuildings.SoIlostmyjob.Ididnotworkagainfortwenty

yearsuntilMrMandelaandtheANCcametopowerin1994.Allthattimemywifeandchildren

hadtobegforgoodandhelpfromrelativesorfriends.LuckilyMrMandelarememberedmeand

gavemeajobtakingtouristsaroundmyoldprisononRobbenIslannd.IfeltbadthefirsttimeI

talkedtoagroup.Alltheterrorandfearofthattimecamebacktome.Irememberedthebeatings

andthecrueltyoftheguardsandmyfriendswhohaddied.IfeltIwouldnotbeabletodoit,but

myfamilyencouragedme.TheysaidthatthejobandthepayfromthenewSouthAfrican

governmentweremyrewardafterworkingallmylifeforequalrightsfbrtheBlacks.Sonowat51

Iamproudtoshowvisitorsovertheprison,forIhelpedtomakeourpeoplefreeintheirownland.

必修二Unit1

Insearchoftheamberroom

FrederickWilliamI,thekingofPrussia,couldneverhaveimaginedthat

thisgreatestgifttotheRussiapeoplewouldhavesuchanamazinghistory.Thisgiftwasthe

AmberRoom,whichwasgiventhisnamebecauseseveraltonsofamberwereusedtomakeit.

Theamberwhichwasselectedhadabeautifulyellow-browncolourlikehoney.Thedesignofthe

roomwasinthefancystylepopularinthosedays.Itwasalsoatreasuredecoratedwithgoldand

jewels,whichtookthecountry'sbestartistsaboutlenyearstomake.

Infact,theroomwasnotmadetobeagift.ItwasdesignedforthepalaceofFrederickI.

However,thenextkingofPrussia,FrederickWilliamI,towhomtheamberbelonged,decidednot

tokeepit.In1716hegaveittoPetertheGreat.Inretutri,theCzarsenthimatroopofhisbest

soldiers.SotheAmberRoombecamepartoftheCzar'swinterpalaceinStPetersburg.Aboutfour

meterslong,theroomservedasasmallreceptionhallforimportantvisitors.

Later,CatherineIIhadtheAmberRoommovedtoapalaceoutsideStPetersburgwhereshe

spenthersummers.Shetoldherartiststoaddmoredetailstoit.In1770theroomwascompleted

ihe卬4Vshewanted.Almostsixhundredcandleslittheroom,anditsmirrorsandpicturesshone

likegold.Sadly,althoughtheAmberRoomwasconsideredoneofthewondersoftheworld,itis

nowmissing.

InSeptember1941,theNaziarmywasnearStPetersburg.Thiswasatimewhenthetwo

countriesw。％at卬".BeforetheNazicoldsettothesummerpalace,theRussianswen?ableto

removesomefurnitureandsmallartobjectsfromtheAmberRoom.However,someoftheNazi

secretlystoletheroomitself.Inlessthantwodays100,000pieceswereputinsidetwenty-seven

woodenboxes.ThereisnodoubtthattheboxeswerethenputonatrainforKonigsberg,which

wasatthattimeaGermancityontheBalticSea.Afterthat,whathappenedtotheAmberRoom

remainsamystery.

Recently,theRussiansandGermanshavebuiltanewAmberRoomatthesummerpalace.By

studyingoldphotosoftheformerAmberRoom,theyhavemadethenewonelookliketheoldone.

In2003itwasreadyforthepeopleofStPetersburgwhentheycelebratedthe300thbirthdayof

theircity.

必修二Unit2

Aninterview

Pausanias,whowasaGreekwriterabout2000years