Unit2Cloning【導語】1997年克隆羊多莉的誕生，就已為克隆人做好了技術上的準備。也使關于克隆人的爭論變得更加現實。Humancloningisthecreationofageneticallyidenticalcopyofanexistingorpreviouslyexistingseveralhighlypublicclaims，humancloningstillappearstobeaisnosolidscientificevidencethatanyonehasclonedhumanembryosatpresent.In2023，agroupinSouthKoreapublishedapaperinthejournalScienceinwhichitclaimedtohavecreatedaclonedhumanembryoinatest，anindependentscientificinstitutelaterfoundnoprooftosupporttheclaimand，inJanuary2023，Scienceannouncedthatthepaperhadbeenwithdrawn.InJanuary2023，DrSamuelWoodandDrAndrewFrenchinCaliforniaannouncedthattheysuccessfullycreatedthefirst5fullygrownhumanembryosusingDNAfromadultskincells，aimingtoprovideasourceofviableembryonicstemDrWoodstatedthatifthatwerepossible，usingthetechnologyforreproductivecloningwouldbebothimmoraland5clonedembryosweredestroyed.Thevariousformsofhumancloningarescientific，governmentalandreligiousorganizationsopposereproductive，somepeoplehaveconsideredtheideaofgrowingorgansseparatelyfromahumanorganism—indoingthis，aneworgansupplycouldbeestablishedwithoutthemoralproblemofharvestingthemfromhumans.【詞海拾貝】1．geneticallyadv.從遺傳學角度，從基因角度2．viableadj.切實可行的，有望實現的3．reproductiveadj.生殖的，再生產的【問題思考】1．Whatishumancloning?_______________________________________________________答案：HumanCloningisthecreationofageneticallyidenticalcopyofanexistingorpreviouslyexistinghuman.2．Whatismostpeople'sattitudetohumancloning?_______________________________________________________答案：Theyopposereproductivecloning.Ⅰ.為單詞選擇正確的釋義1．commercial A．裝飾2．undertake B．最初的，開始的3．breakthrough C．假定；設想4．procedure D．媒介；手段；工具5．altogether E．程序；步驟；手續6．medium F．規則；規章；法規7．assumption G．商業的；貿易的8．regulation H．著手；從事；承擔9．initial I．缺點；不利條件10．drawback J．總共；完全地11．decoration K．突破答案：1－G2－H3－K4－E5－J6－D7－C8－F9－B10－I11－AⅡ.根據所給漢語提示寫出單詞1．____________n．雙胞胎之一；孿生兒之一adj.成對的；成雙的2．____________vt.扔；投；擲3．____________vt.獲得；贏得4．____________vt.獲得；到達(水平，年齡，狀況等)5．____________adj.道德(上)的；倫理的6．____________vt.欠(賬，錢，人情等)；歸功于……7．____________vi.退休；離開8．____________vt.打擾vi.操心n．煩擾9．____________n．羽毛10．____________adj.合情理的；講道理的；公道的答案：6．owe10．reasonableⅢ.根據英語釋義寫出單詞1．________：outspoken2．________：correctineverydetail3．________：achangethatmakessthmoreaccuratethanitwasbefore4．________：bedifferent5．________：beagainst6．________：collectorgatheroveraperiodoftime7．________：hitsomeoneorsomething8．________：havingtoomuchpride9．________：beagainstsomeone10．________：only11．________：notabletodosomething12．________：admireverymuch答案：5．object10．merelyⅣ.選用正確短語的適當形式完成句子differfrom；payoff；castdown；objectto；infavourof；tobeexact；oone'sheart(s)；fromtimetotime；beboundto；bring...backtolife；invain；ingoodcondition1．Don'tloseeffortswill________soonerorlater.答案：payoff2．Robertsattherealone，looking________．Whathadhappenedtohim?答案：castdown3．Areyou________Tony'ssuggestionthatweshouldworkaroundtheclocktomeetthedeadline?答案：infavourof4．Hisparents________hisgoingtotheUSAforfurtherstudy，becausetheythoughthewastooyoung.答案：objectedto5．Hewillsetoffthedayaftertomorrow，________，onMay26，Tuesday.答案：tobeexact6．Myopinionabouttheproblem________thinkthingswillgetbetterifwetryourbest.答案：differsfrom7．Ourteacher________theimportanceofsafety________，sowewereallcarefulwhencrossingthestreet.答案：oourhearts8．Thoughthebuildingwasbuiltinthe1980s，itisstill________________．答案：ingoodcondition9．Theoldkind－heartedmandonatedmoneytocharities________________thoughhedidn'thavemuchmoney.答案：fromtimetotime10．Toourgreatdelight，thebadlyinjuredboywas________bytheexperienceddoctors.答案：broughtbacktolife11．Iamafraidyoureffortsare________；hewouldn'tlistentoothers.答案：invain12．Thereappearedaweather________getbetter.答案：wasboundto課文表層理解Ⅰ.判斷正(T)誤(F)1．Aclonedanimalusuallydiesearlierthantheoriginalone.(T)2．Clonedpeoplecouldliveforever.(F)3．Cloningissomethingthathasbeendevelopedquiterecently.(F)4．Thelambisthecloneofthecellfromsheepbecauseitprovidesthenucleus.(T)5．Thereweremanyargumentsaboutanimalcloningandconcernsaboutthefutureofcloning.(T)Ⅱ.讀課文回答問題1．Whatarethetwomajorusesofcloning?_______________________________________________________答案：Thefirstuseistoproducecommercialquantitiesofsecondistoresearchonnewplantspeciesanddomedicalresearchonanimals.2．Whyisiteasiertomakecommercialplantclonesthananimalclones?_______________________________________________________答案：Cloningplantsisstraightforward，butthecloningofanimalsisverycomplicated.3．Whatwasthefirstclonefromanadultanimal？Atwhatagedidthisclonedie?_______________________________________________________答案：ThefirstclonefromanadultanimalwasDolly，thediedin2023attheageof6andahalf.4．Whyiscloningcontroversialinsomecountries?_______________________________________________________答案：Itisformoralandreligiousreasons.Ⅲ.讀課文完成表格DivisionMainideaDetailedfactsPara1Thedefinitionofcloning★Cloningisawayofmakingancopyofanotheranimalorplant.Para2TwomajorusesofcloningandtheprocedureofcloningDolly，thesheep★Firstly，gardenersuseittoproducequantitiesof，itisvaluableforresearchonnewplantspeciesandformedicalresearchonanimals.★Cloningplantsiswhilecloninganimalsisanimalsisadifficulttaskto．Butatlastthedeterminationandpatienceofthescientistsin1996witha．Para3ThebirthanddeathofDolly★CloningscientistsweretofindthatDolly'sillnessesweremoreappropriatetoamucholderDollylivedsixandahalfyears.Para4TheimpactofDolly★Dolly'sappearanceraisedastormofandhadagreatimpactonthemediaandpublicbecamecontroversial.Para5ControversybroughtbyDolly★Somegovernmentsbegantoreformtheirlegalsystemsandresearchintohumancloning，butothercountriescontinuedtoevidenceoftheabundantmedicalaidthatcloningcouldprovide.答案：4．undertakeoffdown課文深層理解Ⅰ.主旨匹配Para1Para2B．ThedefinitionofcloningPara3C．People'sreactiontocloningPara4D．TheproblemsofDollyPara5E．TheeffectofDolly答案：Para1－BPara2－APara3－DPara4－EPara5－CⅡ.單項選擇1．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutcloningisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext?A．Cloningissomethingthathasbeendevelopedquiterecently.B．Twinsthatlookexactlythesameareoriginallyfromthesameegg.C．Cloningisusedbygardenerstomakemoremoney.D．Animalcloningismuchmoredifficultthanplantcloning.答案：A2．ThecloningofDolly，thesheepsucceededbecause________．A．it'seasiertocloneasheepthanotheranimalsB．thescientistsweredeterminedandworkedhardwithpatienceC．thescientistswererewardedandgotlotsofmoneyD．manyotherattemptstoclonemammalsfailed答案：B3．ThelambisthecloneofthecellfromsheepBbecause________．A．itprovidestheeggcellB．itgivesbirthtothelambC．itprovidesthenucleusD．itisafemalesheep答案：C4.Wecaninferfromthelastthreeparagraphsthat________．A．thenormaldevelopmentofDollyhadnoeffectonthecloningofotherspeciesB．Dolly'sseriousdiseaseandfinaldeathdisturbedthewholeworldC．DollysuccessfullyclonedanewlambwiththehelpofcloningscientistsD．therewereargumentsaboutanimalcloningandconcernsaboutthefutureofcloning答案：D5．Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardscloninginthispassage?A．Objective. B．Negative.C．Positive. D．Unclear.答案：AⅢ.感悟下列句子所用句型并嘗試譯成漢語1．Itisadifficulttaskto_undertake．_______________________________________________________答案：它是一項很難完成的任務。2．Cloningplantsisstraightforwardwhilecloninganimalsisverycomplicated._______________________________________________________答案：克隆植物簡單，但克隆動物非常復雜。3．Althoughatpresenthumaneggcellsandembryosneededforcloningresearcharedifficulttoobtain，newspaperswroteofevilleadershopingtoclonethemselvestoattaintheirambitions.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：盡管目前供克隆研究的人類卵細胞和胚胎很難獲得，報紙報道卻說，有些邪惡頭目希望把自己克隆出來以實現他們的野心。4．Then_camethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill._______________________________________________________答案：接著傳來多莉病重的壞消息。如何寫議論文1.在文章的開頭提出有爭議的觀點(一般提出兩個相對的觀點然后客觀地對其進行評析)。2．接下來可用一個或兩個段落分別展開論述。在每段中，均可用主題句來點明論點，并對這些論點進行比較和對比、分析和評論。3．文章結尾對所論述觀點進行客觀、合理的評論，提出自己的看法、建議，表示自己對某一現象或論點的贊成或反對，闡明立場；或者也可以將不同觀點相互融合，選其可取之處，形成自己獨到的觀點。【典型句式】1．Therearedifferentopinionsamongpeopleasto...Somepeoplesuggestthat...2．People'sopinionsabout...varyfrompersontopeoplesaythat...3．Everythinghastwosidesand...isnotanexception；ithasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.4．Onthecontrary，therearesomepeopleinfavourof...Atthesametime，theysay...5．Thereareseveralmeasuresforusto...6．Facedwith...weshouldtakeaseriesofeffectivemeasuresto...Foronething...foranother...7．AsfarasIamconcerned，Iagreewiththelatteropiniontosomethinkthat...8．Comparingthiswiththat，however，Ipreferto...9．Formypart，Ithinkitreasonableto...Onlyinthiswaycanyou...10．Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove，wemayreasonablyarriveattheconclusionthat...人們完成工作的方式通常有兩種：獨立完成和合作完成，兩種方式各有特點。請你以“WorkingIndividuallyorWorkinginaTeam”為題，按照以下要點寫一篇英語短文。1．獨立完成：自行安排，自己解決問題。2．合作完成：一起討論、相互學習。3．我喜歡的方式和理由。注意：詞數100左右。【寫作要點】1．提出完成工作有兩種方式。2．分別敘述獨立完成工作和合作完成工作這兩種方式。3．寫出自己喜歡的方式和理由。【范文點評】范文點評Workingindividuallyorworkinginateam①There_are_basically_twoways_togetworkdone．②One_is_to_workindividually．Inthisway，peoplecandecideforthemselveswhentostartworkandhowtodoit.③What's_more，theywillbeabletolearnhowtosolveproblemsontheirown.④People_may_also_choose_to_workin_ateam，wheretheycanlearnfromeachotherandhelpeachother.⑤Besides，theymayworkoutbetterwaystogetworkdonebydiscussion.⑥Personally，theonehand，itoffersmeachancetolearnhowtogetalongwithothersandtosharemyexperiencewiththeotherhand，astheworkcanbedividedamongseveralpeople，itcanbedone，teamworkisalwaysimportant.本文針對人們對獨立完成工作和合作完成工作這兩種方式的看法，分別給出兩方的理由，并寫出自己喜歡的方式及理由。文章層次清楚，用詞準確，過渡自然。①提出話題，引出下文。②一方觀點，后文緊接理由。③What'smore用得恰當，自然。④提出另一方觀點。⑤Besides用得準確，且避免了用詞重復。⑥提出自己的觀點

假如你是李明，你班同學最近參加了某報組織的一場討論。討論的主題是：要不要克隆人類。請你根據下表所提供的信息，給報社編輯投稿，客觀介紹討論的情況。40%的學生的觀點30%的學生的觀點1.克隆人非常有意義。2.能使世界變得更加有趣，給人們帶來更多的歡樂。3.可以克隆一些著名科學家，讓他們為人類做更多的事情1.不能克隆人類。2.每個人都是很特別的，被克隆的人只不過是復制品罷了。3.克隆人可能被壞人利用你的觀點：1.現在還很難說克隆人類是對還是不對。2.也許我們只得等待注意：1．信的開頭和結尾已為你寫好。2．詞數100左右。Deareditor，RecentlywehavehadadiscussiononwhetherweshouldcloneYourssincerely，LiMing答案：Dear_editor，percentofthestudentsthinkcloninghumansverycanmaketheworldmoreinterestingandgivepeoplemorecanclonesomefamousscientistsandletthemdomorethingsforhumans.30percentofthestudentsthinkwecan'tcloneofusisspecial，butaclonedpersonisonlya'sworse，clonedpeoplemaybeusedbysomebadpersons.AsfarasIamconcerned，itisdifficultrightnowtosaywhethercloninghumansisrightorwewilljusthavetowaitandsee.Yours_sincerely，Li_MingⅠ.單句語法填空在句中空白處填上適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。1．Theeatinghabitsinthenorthdifferverymuch________thoseinthesouth.答案：from2．Leavesarefoundonallkindsoftrees，buttheydiffergreatly________allsizesandshapes.答案：in3．Iknow________(exact)howshefelt.答案：exactly4．Heundertook________(buy)meacar.答案：tobuy5．Themenwerepaid________onthelastdaybeforetheholiday.答案：off6．Herparentspaid________hertogotoCanada.答案：for7．Don'tbesocast________．Justkeepyourspiritsup.答案：down8．Themainobjection________theplanwasthatitwouldcosttoomuch.答案：to9．Manylocalpeopleobject________thebuildingofthenewairport.答案：to10．Thestandardiseasily________(attain)bymoststudents.答案：attainable11．Mybrotherwasforbidden________(play)theonlinegamesbymyparents，sohewassadandangry.答案：toplay12．Studentsareforbidden________referringtotheirnotesintheexamination.答案：from13．Thetourisminthisplacewillhaveanimpact________thelocalenvironment.答案：on14．Someexpertsatthemeetingwere________favourofthisproject.答案：in15．Myideais________youshouldapologizetoyourteacher.答案：that16．Thequestionis________weshouldaskthemforhelpornot.答案：whether17．Itoldhissecretto's________hegotangrywithme.答案：why18．Iamfondofpopmusic________myparentslikeclassicalmusic.答案：whileⅡ.完成句子1．Theirlanguagesandcustoms______________________(彼此不同)astheyarefromdifferentcountries.答案：differfromeachother2．______________________________(盡管他談了半個小時)，Istillcan'tunderstandhowonearthhisremarksrelatetowhatwearediscussingnow.答案：Although/Though/Whilehehastalkedforhalfanhour3．______________________/________________________(我突然想到)nobodywasinfavourofthechange.答案：Itstruckmethat/Itoccurredtomethat4．Theythinkitimportant____________________________(他們為無家可歸的人提供地方)tostay.答案：forthemtoprovideplacesforhomelesspeople5．Onlythroughstudy________________________(才能獲得知識)．答案：canknowledgebeobtained6．________________________________(有這么多美食要品嘗)，youcanenjoyyourselfintheFoodFestival.答案：Withsomuchdeliciousfoodtotaste7．________________________________(大火被撲滅后不久)，thedepartmentstoreopenedforbusinessagain.答案：ShortlyafterthebigfirewasputoutⅢ.閱讀理解閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。Theboymadeit!OneSunday，Nicholas，ateenager，wentskiingatSugarloafMountainintheearlyafternoon，whenhewasplanningtogohome，afiercesnowstormsweptintothetoseefar，heaccidentallyturnedofftheheknewit，Nicholaswaslost，allalone!Hedidn'thavefood，water，aphone，orotherwasgettingcolderbytheminute.Nicholashadnoideawherehetriednottothoughtaboutallofthesurvivalshowshehadwatchedonwastimetoputthetipshehadlearnedtouse.Hedecidedtostopwasabetterchanceofsomeonefindinghimifhestayedfirstthinghedidwastofindshelterfromthefreezingwindandhedidn't，hisbodytemperaturewouldgetverylow，whichcouldquicklykillhim.Usinghisskis，Nicholasbuiltasnowgatheredahugemassofsnowanddugoutaholeinthehepiledbranchesontopofhimself，likeablanket，tostayaswarmashecould.Bythatevening，Nicholaswasreallyatesnowanddrankwaterfromanearbystreamsothathisbodywouldn'tlosetoomuchknowinghowmuchlongerhecouldlast，Nicholasdidtheonlythinghecould—hehuddled(蜷縮)inhiscaveandslept.Thenextday，Nicholaswentouttolookforhelp，buthecouldn'tfindfollowedhistracksandreturnedtothesnowcave，becausewithoutshelter，hecoulddiethatTuesday，Nicholaswentoutagaintofindhadwalkedforaboutamilewhenavolunteersearcherfoundtwodaysstuckinthesnow，Nicholaswassaved.NicholasmightnothavesurvivedthissnowstormhaditnotbeenforhadoftenwatchedGrylls'survivalshowMan'swherehelearnedthetipsthatsavedhiseachepisode(一期節目)ofMan，Gryllsisabandonedinawildareaandhastofindhiswayout.WhenGryllsheardaboutNicholas'amazingdeeds，hewassuperimpressedthatNicholashadmadeitsinceheknewbetterthananyonehowhardNicholashadtoworktostayalive.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了尼古拉斯在一次滑雪時迷路，利用自己在電視里學到的求生技能成功獲救的故事。1．WhathappenedtoNicholasoneSundayafternoon?A．Hegotlost. B．Hebrokehisskis.C．Hehurthiseyes. D．Hecaughtacold.解析：細節理解題。根據文章第一段第四句話“Beforeheknewit，Nicholaswaslost，allalone！”可知，一個周日的下午尼古拉斯迷路了，故答案為A項。答案：A2．HowdidNicholaskeephimselfwarm?A．Hefoundashelter.B．Helightedsomebranches.C．Hekeptonskiing.D．Hebuiltasnowcave.解析：細節理解題。根據第四段內容可知，尼古拉斯挖了一個雪洞來保暖，故答案為D項。答案：D3.OnTuesday，Nicholas________．A．returnedtohissheltersafelyB．wassavedbyasearcherC．gotstuckinthesnowD．stayedwherehewas解析：細節理解題。根據第六段第四句話“Hehadwalkedforaboutamilewhenavolunteersearcherfoundhim.”可知，是一個搜尋者救了尼古拉斯，故答案為B項。答案：B4．NicholasleftGryllsaverydeepimpressionbecausehe_____．A．didtherightthingsinthedangeroussituationB．watchedGrylls'TVprogrammeregularlyC．createdsometipsforsurvivalD．wasveryhard－working解析：推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段，尤其是“howhardNicholashadtoworktostayalive”可知應選A。答案：AⅣ.七選五根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。TVisnotonlyaconvenientandcheapserviceofentertainment，butalsoasplendidmassmediumofonlyhavetopayoncetobuytheTVset，thentheycansitathomeenjoyingtheitemsonTVkeepsuswellinformedaboutthecurrenteventsathomeandabroadandthelatestdevelopmentinscienceandmostdistantcountriesandthestrangestcustomsarebroughtrightintoourTVeverythingismuchmorelivingandmuchmoreSomepeopleevensaythatlifewithouttelevisionisnotworthliving.__3__TheythinktheTVviewersneeddoviewerdoesnotevenhavetousehislegsifhehasaremotepeoplearegluedtoseatstolookatthemovementsonAsaresult，TVistakinguptoomuchofaperson'slifeandmakinghimlazy，nottomentionitsharmfulinfluenceuponhim，suchastheitemsofviolenceandpornographyontelevisioninsomecountries.Onthewhole，therearemoreadvantagesthandisadvantagesintheuseofButwemustrealizethattelevisioninitselfisneithergoodnorvaluetopeopleandsocietydependsonhowwelookatit.A．AlargenumberofTVsetsareproducedeveryyear.B．Alltheyhavetodoistopushabuttonorturnaknob，andtheycanseeplays，films，operasandshowsofeverykind.C．SomepeopleargueagainstTV.D．YetdifferentpeoplemayhavedifferentattitudestowardTV.E．Theybecomesodependentonitspicturesthatitbeginstocontroltheirlives.F．Asamatteroffact，ithasbecomesomuchapartofhumanlifethatamodernworldwithouttelevisionisunimaginable.G．Mostpeoplearecouchpotatoes.答案：Ⅴ.完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。AwelcomegiftDarioandhismotherlovedtheirnewlivingroomwaslargeenoughfortheirnight，thetwoofthem__1__sidebysideattheplayedjazzmusictocelebratetheirnewloud__2__filledtheroomandmadethemfeelveryhappy.Thenextmorning，__3__，theirhappinesshadlefta__4__undertheirdoorduringtheoftheirneighbourshadwrittentocomplain(抱怨)aboutthesoundofthe'smotheraskedthebuildingsuperintendent(管理員)ifheknewanythingabouthesaidthattheywereall__5__peopleandhecouldn'timagineanyofthemhaddonethatmorning，Dariosuggestedthattheywritealettertotheir__6__andapologizefortheirplaying.“Maybewecouldgoand__7__everyoneinperson，”hismothersaid.“Whatifweinvitedthemtocomeherefora__8__instead？”Darioasked.Theybothlovedthe__9__．Overthenextfewdays，theysentoutinvitationsandprepareddesserts__10__theirdecoratedtheapartmentwithstreamers(彩帶)andpartylights.Finally，thedayoftheparty__11__．Someguestsbroughtbroughtevenbroughtdessertsto__12__．Onewoman，MrsGilbert，__13__Dario'smotherwithabookofpianomusicbyChopin.“Iheardyouplayingtheothernight，”shesaid.“Thesoundswokemeoutof__14__thatyoumightplaylikethiseveryIwroteashorthopeyoudon'tthinkIdislikedtheplaying.”Dario'smothersmiledatMrsGilbert.“Ithinkmaybewe__15__youanapology，”shesaid.“Ididn't__16__howlateitwaswhenwewereweshouldplaysomequietermusicatnight.”“Youplay，youplay！”MrsGilbertsaid.“Ilikewhatyouplay!Justnotsoloudatnight.”Shepointedtothebookshehadgiventhem.“Thesesongsarenotsuch__17__music.”“Thesesongsarebeautifulmusic，”Dario'smothersaid.“Wewillbe__18__toplaythemintheevening.”“Andwewon'tplay