高中英語語法專題復習：定語從句知識要點關系代詞和關系副詞的選用限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區別幾組的關系詞特殊用法一、定義：在復合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。Thehappymanwholivesnexttomesellsvegetables.mustdoeverythingthatIdo.被定語從句修飾的詞，叫先行詞。比如上面兩句中的man和everything.關系代詞和關系副詞who,whom,that,which,ere,when,why等關系詞三重作用：①連接主從句；②指代先行詞；③在定語從句中擔任句子成分。Themanwholivesnexttomesellsvegetables.該句中，wholivesnexttometheman“who”theman，在定語從句中作主語。二、關系詞引導定語從句的關系代詞有who,whom,which,that,whose,as等和關系副詞here,when,why等。關系代詞和關系副詞在定語從句中擔任句子成分。that,which,who,whom引導的定語從句who指人，用作主語whom指人，用作賓語which指物，用作主語、賓語皆可thatTheteacherwhovisitsourschooltodayisfromGuangzhou.MrsReadisthepersonwhomyoushouldwriteto.Theyplantedsometreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchThefish(which)weboughtthismorningwerenotfresh.AplaneisamachinethatcanThenoodles(that)Icookedweredelicious.whose引導的定語從句：先行詞既可指人，也可指物，一般譯為“誰的”“什么東西的”，請看例子Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthismine.when、where、why引導的定語從句when在從句中作時間狀語Octoberlst,1949isthedaywhen(=onwhich)thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.where在從句中作地點狀語Irecentlywenttothetownwhere(=inwhich)Iwasborn.why在從句中作原因狀語Thereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewaslatewasthathemissedthetrain.where的考查趨于復雜，從先行詞為明顯的“地點”轉為“地點的模糊化”wheretion,case,stage,point等，且關系詞在定語從句中作狀語時，要用到關系副詞whereway(方式，方法)inwhichthat引導定語從句，也可省略：Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他們已經到了必須分手的地步了。Doyouknowtheway(inwhich/that)heworkedouttheproblem?三、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區別相同點：都屬于定語從句不同點：①形式上：有無逗號。限制性定從無逗號。非限制性定從，有逗號。②意義上：限制性定從對先行詞起修飾限制作用；非限制性定從起補充說明作用。Hehasfoundthebook(that)hewaslookingImetLiPing,whoseemedtobeveryHetoldmeastoryyesterday，whichIthinkisveryinteresting. (which指atory)hasmadegreatprogress,whichmakesmevery(which指逗號前面整句話意思)四、幾組關系詞的特殊用法thatwhich的情況：①all,little,much,everything,anything,nothing,none,someDoyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?你有什么要為自己要說的嗎？②thethevery(恰恰，正好),any,every,some,no,all,flittle,much,theright,thelast,just等修飾時。ThisistheverybusthatI’mwaiting③當先行詞是形容詞最高級或先行詞的前面有形容詞最高級修飾時。ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeverseen.這是我曾經看過的最有趣的電影。④當先行詞是序數詞或它前面有序數詞修飾時。ThistrainisthelastthatwillgotoSuzhou.這是去蘇州的最后一趟火車。⑤當先行詞既有人又有物時。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?你知道他們正在談論的人和事嗎？⑥當主句的主語是疑問句who或which時，Whichisthebikethatyoulost?哪輛是你丟的自行車？Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?贏得金牌的那個男孩是誰？⑦有兩個定語從句時，其中一個關系代詞宜用which,另外一個宜用that.Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactory,whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.⑧當先行詞在主句中作表語，而關系代詞在從句中也作表語時。Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.上海不再是過去的那座城市了。⑨主句是therebe句型且關系詞在從句中作主語用，用that不用which引導。Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillavailable.whichthat的情況：①在非限制性定語從句中，只用which,不用thatHebrokemycup,whichmademeangry.他打破了我的杯子，這使我很生氣。②當動詞短語中的介詞提前時，只用which,不用that.ThisisahouseinwhichLuXunoncelived. 這是魯迅曾住過的房子。詞置于關系代詞之前。Thisisthepen(which/that)I’mlookingfor.這是我正在尋找的那只鋼筆。whothat引導定語從句的情況①one,ones,anyone,noone,those,all,nobody,anybody,nonewhothat.Peoplealllikethosewhohavegoodmanners.人們都喜歡那些有禮貌的人。②therebewhoTherearesomepeoplewhowanttohaveholidaysinHainan.有一些想去海南度假的人。③whothatProfessorwhoisoverstillworksharddayandnight.as引導的定語從句①such+名詞+as…像…一樣的，像…之類的thesame+名詞+as…和…同樣的其中as可作為關系代詞在從句中充當主語、賓語或表語。havefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.我們已經找到了像他們工廠里用的那種材料。(as作主語)Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexpected. 們預料的那樣的低價出售。(as作賓語)Heisnotthesamemanashewas.他和過去不同了。(as作表語)注意such…as…引導的定語從句與such…that…引導的狀語從句的區別：Heissuchacleverboyaseveryonelikes.(定語從句)他是一個人人都喜愛的聰明孩子。Heissuchacleverboythateveryonelikeshim.(狀語從句)他是一個如此聰明的孩子，以至于人人都喜愛他。asthat引導的是狀語從句，從句中不缺任何成分。介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句(可用whom,who,that；關系代詞指物時只可用whichthat。關系代詞是所有格時用whose。方法：①根據定語從句中動詞的固定搭配來確認“介詞+關系代詞”中的介詞；②根據先行詞來確認“介詞+關系代詞”中的關系代詞Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.他曾經就讀過的學校很出名。TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.明天我將把你要的雜志帶來。gotohearthefamoussinger(whom/who/that)wehaveoftentalkedabout.gotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.我們將去聽那位我們經常談論的著名歌唱家演唱。for,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which