ABC1-SensoryAnalysis感官分析-FactorsInfluencingSensoryMeasurement

影響感官測定的因素-ProceduresForSmelling&Tasting

聞味和嘗味的程序-ControlsForSensoryTesting

對感官測試的控制-MethodsofSensoryTests&theApplication

感官測試的方法及其應(yīng)用CONTENT2WhatisSensoryAnalysis?

什么是感官分析SensoryAnalysisisascientificdisciplineusedtoevoke,measure,analyzeandinterpretreactionstothosecharacteristicsoffoodsandmaterialsastheyareperceivedbythesensesof:感官分析是一門科學(xué)，用來喚起、測量、分析和詮釋對于食物和原料特質(zhì)的反應(yīng)如以下感覺：Sight視覺Smell嗅覺Taste味覺Touch觸覺

Hearing聽覺3textureMouthfeelsmelldefectsviscositycolorsizeshapetasteKinestheticFlavorAppearanceSensoryanalysisisaboutcollectingdatafromhumanassessorstounderstandwhattheyperceivedwhenexposedtoaproduct感官分析是從人體感覺器官收集數(shù)據(jù)，進(jìn)而了解它們是如何感知產(chǎn)品的Humanareusedasmeasuringinstrument.

人類作為測量的儀器WhatisSensoryAnalysis?

什么是感官分析4TheSenseofSmell

嗅覺OlfactoryNerve

嗅神經(jīng)TrigeminalNerve三叉神經(jīng)Aroma香氣:OdourofProduct產(chǎn)品的氣味(nasalroute)順鼻腔路徑Aroma香氣

(retronasalroute)逆鼻腔路徑5ProceduresForSmelling

聞香的程序Repeatedshortorlonghardsniffs. 或長或短地重復(fù)用力吸氣Sniffsamenumberoftimesrestinginbetweeneachseries 每次休息時吸氣次數(shù)保持一致Solidsorsemi-solidsshouldbestirredorbrokeninordertoexposetoafreshsurface 固體或半固體應(yīng)攪拌或破碎以提供新鮮的表面6TheSenseofTaste

味覺Bitter苦味Acidic酸味Salty咸味Sweet甜味Umami鮮味7ProceduresForTasting

嘗味的程序Liquids液體Sameamountforeachjudge數(shù)量一致Tastesmallsipsandrollaroundmouthtoactivatealltastebudareas 啜飲以激活所有的味蕾Orslurpsothatliquidissprayeduniformlythroughoutthemouth 或咕嘟咕嘟地喝，使液體均勻分布在口腔Rinsemouthcarefullywithwaterorhaveabiteofcracker 仔細(xì)地漱口或者咬一口蘇打餅干8ProceduresForTasting

嘗味的程序Solids固體Takesmallmouthfeelsorpiecesaroundthetonguetoactivatealltastebudareas 取小塊品嘗，繞舌一圈，以激活所有的味蕾Rinseandrestbetweensamplestoavoidcarry-overorfatigue 品嘗不同樣品間要漱口和休息一下，以避免味道殘留或味覺疲勞9HumanasmeasuringInstrument

人類作為測量儀器SensoryStimulus

感官刺激Response反應(yīng)Senseorgan感覺器官Sensation感覺Memory記憶Expectation期望Motivation動力Brain大腦Perception知覺109、人的價(jià)值，在招收誘惑的一瞬間被決定。2023/2/32023/2/3Friday,February3,202310、低頭要有勇氣，抬頭要有低氣。2023/2/32023/2/32023/2/32/3/20234:31:40PM11、人總是珍惜為得到。2023/2/32023/2/32023/2/3Feb-2303-Feb-2312、人亂于心，不寬余請。2023/2/32023/2/32023/2/3Friday,February3,202313、生氣是拿別人做錯的事來懲罰自己。2023/2/32023/2/32023/2/32023/2/32/3/202314、抱最大的希望，作最大的努力。03二月20232023/2/32023/2/32023/2/315、一個人炫耀什么，說明他內(nèi)心缺少什么。。二月232023/2/32023/2/32023/2/32/3/202316、業(yè)余生活要有意義，不要越軌。2023/2/32023/2/303February202317、一個人即使已登上頂峰，也仍要自強(qiáng)不息。2023/2/32023/2/32023/2/32023/2/3HumanasmeasuringInstrument

人類作為測量儀器Thestimulushitsthesenseorganandisconvertedtoanervesignalwhichtravelstothebrain;thebrainthenorganizesandintegratestheincomingsensationintoperceptionswiththecontributionofpastexperience;lastlyaresponseisformulatedbasedonthesubjects’perceptions感官受到刺激，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為神經(jīng)信號傳輸?shù)酱竽X；大腦根據(jù)以往的經(jīng)驗(yàn)將感覺組織整合為知覺.；最終，基于主體的知覺而形成反應(yīng)129、人的價(jià)值，在招收誘惑的一瞬間被決定。2023/2/32023/2/3Friday,February3,202310、低頭要有勇氣，抬頭要有低氣。2023/2/32023/2/32023/2/32/3/20234:31:40PM11、人總是珍惜為得到。2023/2/32023/2/32023/2/3Feb-2303-Feb-2312、人亂于心，不寬余請。2023/2/32023/2/32023/2/3Friday,February3,202313、生氣是拿別人做錯的事來懲罰自己。2023/2/32023/2/32023/2/32023/2/32/3/202314、抱最大的希望，作最大的努力。03二月20232023/2/32023/2/32023/2/315、一個人炫耀什么，說明他內(nèi)心缺少什么。。二月232023/2/32023/2/32023/2/32/3/202316、業(yè)余生活要有意義，不要越軌。2023/2/32023/2/303February202317、一個人即使已登上頂峰，也仍要自強(qiáng)不息。2023/2/32023/2/32023/2/32023/2/3FactorsInfluencingSensoryMeasurement

影響感官測定的因素Expectationerror 期望錯誤Stimuluserror 刺激錯誤Leniencyerror 寬大錯誤Proximityerror 近似錯誤Centraltendencyerror 中心化錯誤14FactorsInfluencingSensoryMeasurement

影響感官測定的因素Suggestioneffect 暗示效應(yīng)Positionalbias(ordereffect) 位置偏見(順序效應(yīng))Contrasteffectand 對照效應(yīng)和集中錯誤convergenceerror

Motivation 動力15Expectationerror期望的錯誤Informationgivenwiththesamplemaytriggerpreconceivedideas 樣品附帶的信息可能導(dǎo)致先入為主Stimuluserror刺激的錯誤Irrelevantcriteria,suchascolororsizeinfluencetheobserver 無關(guān)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如顏色或大小會影響觀察者FactorsInfluencingSensoryMeasurement

影響感官測定的因素16Leniencyerror

寬大的錯誤Basedontheirfeelingsabouttheresearcher,ignoringproductdifferences

根據(jù)對研究者的感覺，而忽略了產(chǎn)品的差異FactorsInfluencingSensoryMeasurement

影響感官測定的因素Suggestioneffect暗示效應(yīng)Reactionsofothermembersofapanelcaninfluencetheresponseofapanelist

品嘗小組中其他成員的反應(yīng)會影響測試者17Positionalbias(ordereffect)位置偏見(順序效應(yīng))Scorethesecondproduct(ofasetofproducts)higherorlowerthanexpected 給一組產(chǎn)品中第二個產(chǎn)品打分偏高或偏低Contrasteffectandconvergenceerror 對照效應(yīng)和集中錯誤Exaggeratethedifferenceormasksmalldifferencesbetweentheothersamplesintheirscores

夸大或掩蓋樣品間的差異FactorsInfluencingSensoryMeasurement

影響感官測定的因素18Proximityerror近似的錯誤Correlationbetweencharacteristicsclosetogethermaybehigherthanothercharacteristic 相似特征間的關(guān)聯(lián)比其他特征間的關(guān)聯(lián)可能要高一些Centraltendencyerror中心化的錯誤Scoringproductsinthemidrangeofascaletoavoidextremes 給產(chǎn)品打分偏中等，以避免極端FactorsInfluencingSensoryMeasurement

影響感官測定的因素19Motivation動力Affectssensoryperception.Ferestedpanelistisalwaysmoreefficientandreliable. 動力會影響感官知覺。比如感興趣的品嘗小組成員總會更有效、更可靠。FactorsInfluencingSensoryMeasurement

影響感官測定的因素20ControlsForSensoryTesting

對感官測試的控制EnvironmentControls 環(huán)境的控制PanelistControls 品評小組的控制21EnvironmentControls

環(huán)境的控制PanelBoothTestingArea

品評單間的測試區(qū)域Sensoryevaluationofproducts產(chǎn)品的感官品評DescriptiveEvaluation&TrainingArea 描述性品評和培訓(xùn)的區(qū)域Meetingwithpanelist

和品評小組成員開會PreparationArea&ServingArea準(zhǔn)備和分發(fā)的區(qū)域Samplepreparationandserving 樣品的準(zhǔn)備和分發(fā)OfficeArea辦公區(qū)域Administrativepreparationsoftestsandtheirinterpretation測試的行政準(zhǔn)備和解釋22PanelBoothTestingArea

品評單間的測試區(qū)域Individualbooth單獨(dú)隔開的小間Slidingdoor移動門Neutralwallcolor中性的墻壁顏色SinkandTap水槽和龍頭Coloredlightning有顏色的光照Odor-free無氣味Computer電腦23DescriptiveEvaluation&TrainingArea

描述性品評和培訓(xùn)區(qū)域Facilitiessimilartobootharea設(shè)備和品評單間相似Conferencestyletablefor6-12panelists

可坐6-12人的會議桌Whiteboard,clock

白板，時鐘Preparationfacilitiesforreferencesamples

準(zhǔn)備參考樣品的設(shè)施24Preparation&ServingArea

準(zhǔn)備和分發(fā)區(qū)域Well-equippedkitchen

設(shè)備良好的廚房Odor-free&ventilated

無味且通風(fēng)良好Air-conditioned空調(diào)Refrigerator/frozenstoragespace

冰箱/冷凍保存空間Constructionmaterial建筑材料Specializedequipment特殊器材25OfficeArea

辦公區(qū)域Closetopanelbooth

靠近品評單間Convenienttolocaterecords,storagespace,anycomputerterminal

便于安裝記錄、儲存空間和電腦終端Phone,printeratsufficientdistance電話、打印機(jī)擺放在合理的距離內(nèi)26SensoryAnalysisLaboratory感官分析研究所Mapping(FCA)圖示F1F2FruitéProduitAProduitBProduitCQuantitativeDescriptiveProfile定量的風(fēng)味描述Statistics統(tǒng)計(jì)Blindtests盲試Controlledenvironment控制的環(huán)境27PanelistControl

品評小組的控制PanelOrientation品評員的指導(dǎo)Beforeevaluation

品評前Donotsmokeandconsumesweets,coffeeoranythingwithastrongtasteimmediatelyorlessthan30minutesbeforethetest

測試前30分鐘內(nèi)不可抽煙，吃糖，喝咖啡或品嘗其他味重的東西Arriveatthetimeagreedforthetest

準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)28PanelistControl

品評小組的控制PanelOrientation品評員的指導(dǎo)Beforeevaluation

品評前Donotusestrongperfume,perfumedafter-shavelotion,perfumedsoap,etc

不要使用濃烈的香水，潤膚香水，香皂等Informedimpairedphysicalforme.g..Coldorheadache

身體不適，如感冒或頭痛29PanelistControl

品評小組的控制PanelOrientation品評員的指導(dǎo)Duringevaluation測試中Donottalktocolleaguesduringassessments測試時不要和同事說話Donotbringextraneousitems,suchasnewspapersintothetestbooth 不要帶無關(guān)的東西到測試場所如報(bào)紙等30PanelistControl

品評小組的控制PanelOrientation品評員的指導(dǎo)Duringevaluation測試中Useallthetimeavailableformakingevaluations 用全部的時間作測試Panelistarenotallowedtovisitthetestkitchenduringthetest 測試時成員不可去測試準(zhǔn)備室31Analytical分析的NewProductdevelopment新產(chǎn)品研發(fā)

Productmatching產(chǎn)品復(fù)制Productimprovement產(chǎn)品改進(jìn)Processchange工藝改變Storagestability貯存穩(wěn)定性Productgradingandrating

產(chǎn)品分級和打分Affective情感方面的Consumeracceptance/opinions消費(fèi)者認(rèn)可/意見Consumerpreference消費(fèi)者偏好Methods&Application

方法和應(yīng)用32TheSensorytests感官測試Descriptivetests描述測試Quantifieddescriptionofthedifferencesperceivedbetweenproducts 定量地描述產(chǎn)品間的差異Analyticaltests分析測試Discriminativetests辨別測試Todetectifthereisadifferencebetweenarangeofproducts 去發(fā)現(xiàn)一組產(chǎn)品中是否有差別Affectivetests情感測試Hedonic/Preferencetests喜好測試Tostudypreferencesanddislikesofconsumers

研究消費(fèi)者的喜好和厭惡33成對喜偏好測試PairedPreferenceTest姓名(Name):_____________________部門(Department):_________________Pleaserinseyourmouthwithwaterbeforestarting.Youhavebeengiventwosamples.開始前請先漱口。您將品嘗到兩個樣品Tastetheproductontheleftfirst.Thentastetheproductontheright.Youmayretasteasoftenasyouneedto.先嘗左邊產(chǎn)品,再嘗右邊產(chǎn)品。可以按自己的需要反復(fù)品嘗Circlethenumberofpreferredsample.圈出您喜歡的產(chǎn)品( 157 )

( 468 )

Pleasecommentonthereasonsforyouchoice請說明您選擇的理由:

(157 )

(468 ) _____________________________ _______________________________ _____________________________ _______________________________ _____________________________ _______________________________

Hedonic/Preferencetests喜好測試34排序偏好測試RankPreferenceTest姓名(Name):____________________部門(Department):_________________Pleaserinseyourmouthwithwaterbeforestarting,beforeeachsampleandanytimeyouneedto.請?jiān)陂_始時,品嘗每個樣品之間和任何您需要的時候漱口YouwillreceiveFOURsamples.Pleaserankthemintheorderofyourdegreeofpreference.你會收到四個樣品(254,857,359,460),請按照喜歡的程度給它們排序Writetotheverytopthecodeofthesampleyoulikebest(towhichyougivethefirstpositioninthedegreeofpreference)andtotheverybottomthecodeofthesampleyoulikeleast.將您最喜歡產(chǎn)品的編號寫在最上方,最不喜歡的產(chǎn)品寫在最下方Markthedegreeofpreferencefortheothersamplesinbetween.Tiesarenotallowed.其余的產(chǎn)品寫在中間。不允許存在相互聯(lián)系______________________ 1strankposition

排列位置(mostliked

最喜歡)______________________ 2ndrankposition

排列位置______________________ 3rdrankposition

排列位置______________________ 4thrankposition排列位置(leastliked

最不喜歡)Hedonic/Preferencetests喜好測試35享樂型的批分測試HedonicRatingTest姓名(Name):_____________________部門(Department):_________________PleasetasteeachsamplefromLEFTtoRIGHT.Pleasedrinkwaterandeatacrackerbetweensamples.請從左到右品嘗每個樣品。請?jiān)谄穱L樣品之間喝水吃餅干

ConsideringAllcharacteristics(APPEARANCE,FLAVOUR,andTEXTURE).Indicateyouroverallopinionbycirclingonepointonthefollowingscale.考慮所有特征(外觀,風(fēng)味和組織),并圈出能夠反映你整體意見的分值Describewhatyoulikedanddislikedabouteachofthesamples.描述你對這個產(chǎn)品有什么喜歡還是不喜歡的地方?( )______________________________________________________________________( )_______________________________________________________________________( )_______________________________________________________________________( )_______________________________________________________________________Hedonic/Preferencetests喜好測試36EvaluationForm姓名Name 日期Date產(chǎn)品Product

目標(biāo)OBJECTIVE:Toobtaingeneraldescriptionabouttheproductsbasedonthecommentsgivenbythepanellist,andtodeterminethepreferenceamongthesamples,formorethantwosamplesevaluation.INSTRUCTIONS:Youaregivenafewsamples.Pls.describethem,rateyourpreferenceandrankthemaccordingly(Remark:Equalranksarenotallowed.)1-DislikeExtremely非常不喜歡; 6-LikeSlightly有點(diǎn)喜歡;2-DislikeVeryMuch很不喜歡; 7-LikeModerately喜歡;3-DislikeModerately不喜歡; 8-LikeVeryMuch很喜歡;4-DislikeSlightly有點(diǎn)不喜歡; 9-LikeExtremely非常喜歡5-NeitherLikeNorDislike;既不喜歡也不討厭

Hedonic/Preferencetests喜好測試37三角測試TriangleTest姓名(Name):P18__________________部門(Department):________________您將品嘗到3個樣品。兩個是同樣的，一個是不同的。Youhavebeengiventhreesamples.Twoofthesesamplesareidentical,oneisdifferent.請集中注意力，依次品嘗這些樣品，區(qū)分它們的不同之處：Pleasetastethesesamplesintheordergivenbelowinconcentratingyourattentiononthedifferenceinflavour:圈出與其他兩個不同的樣品號Circlethenumberofthedifferentsample.

837 911 586 標(biāo)出它們之間的差別大小程度Indicatethedegreeofdifferenceinflavourbetweentheidenticalsamplesandthedifferentone.

評注：

Comments

不同的樣品：

Differentsample

___________________________________________________________________________________

相同的樣品：

Identicalsamples___________________________________________________________________________________Discriminativetests辨別測試38對比測試Duo-TrioTest姓名(Name):____________________ 部門(Department):________________我們會給您一個標(biāo)為“R”的參照樣品和另外兩個樣品。Youhavebeengivenareferencesample“R”andtwocodedsamples.請先品嘗樣品“R”，然后再品嘗其他兩個。在后兩個樣品中選出您認(rèn)為與“R”相同的樣品。Pleasesmellandtastethereferencesample“R”first,followedbythetwocodedsamples.Indicatewhichofthetwocodedsamplesisidenticaltothereferencesample“R”.如果您認(rèn)為兩個樣品與“R”都很相似，您必須在其中猜選一個。

Ifnodifferenceisapparentbetweenthetwounknownsamples,youmustguess.可以允許重復(fù)品嘗Retastingisallowed.

圈出您認(rèn)為與參照樣品相同的樣品號

Circlethenumberoftheidenticalsample.

278 543

評注：Comments 278 543_____________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _______________________________Discriminativetests辨別測試39DIFFERENCEFROMCONTROLTEST五選二測試TWOOUTOFFIVETEST姓名(Name):P20____________________ 部門(Department):________________我們會給您五個樣品..其中兩個是同樣的,而另三個相同成為一組.Youhavebeengivenfivesamples.Twoofthesefivesamplesbelongtooneset;theotherthreebelongtoanotherset.請選擇兩個相同的樣品,在這兩個樣品編號邊打上X記號IdentifythetwosampleswhichbelongtogetherbyplacinganXafterthecodenumber.

同時請?jiān)谠u語欄里填上作相應(yīng)評價(jià)Pleasecommentaccordingly.編號CODE

__ ________________ ____ ________________ __

__ ________________ 評語COMMENTS:

Twosamplesgroup ___________________________________Threesamplesgroup ___________________________________Discriminativetests辨別測試40排序測試RankingTest姓名(Name):_____________________部門(Department):________________您將品嘗到不同甜味強(qiáng)度的三個樣品Youhavebeengiventhreesamplesofdifferentsweetnessintensity.請聞其香味，嘗其味，并回答下列問題Pleasesmellandtastethesesamplesandanswerthefollowingquestion:

399

525 833

按其甜味強(qiáng)度依次排列

Rankthesethreeproductsinascendingorderoftheirsweetness: No.1 ___________ No.2 ___________

No.3 ___________(No.1為

甜度最低，No.3為甜度最強(qiáng))(WithNo.1oftheleastsweetnessandNo.3ofthehighestsweetness)評注：Comments_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Discriminativetests辨別測試41打分測試ScalingTest

姓名(Name):_____________________部門(Department):_________________

產(chǎn)品(Product)

:Milkpowder(4) UtilisationoftheCATEGORYscale Samples:

987

SWEET: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

378

SWEET: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

249

SWEET: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

527

SWEET: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

0.Absence

1.JustDetectable

2.Weak

3.Moderate4.SlightlyStrong5.Strong6.VeryStrong

Discriminativetests辨別測試42打分測試ScalingTest姓名(Name):_____________________部門(Department):_________________IntensityratingscalewiththeutilisationofDifference.Pleaserateaccordingtothereference

Ref.A: 0 10

Ref.B: 0 10

Samples: 0 10268

0 10457

0 10176

0 10534

AbsentModerate VeryIntenseDiscriminativetests辨別測試43DIFFERENCEFROMCONTROLTESTName:____________________________ Date:3/11/01________________TypeofSample:************************************************************************Instructions:.Youhavereceived4samples(3-digitcoded)andacontrolsamplemarked“R”..Tastethecontrolsamplemarked“R”first.Thentastethetestsamplemarked“XXX”intheindicatedsequenceorder..AssesstheoverallsensorydifferencesbetweenthetwosamplesusingthescaleBelow.Commentonthedifferences.

01 23 45 67 89 10No ModerateExtremeDiff Diff.RememberthataDuplicateControlisthesamplesomeofthetime.************************************************************************Code DegreeofDifference CommentsonDifference(Strength/Profileetc.)__732__ ________________ _____________________________________5