職稱英語等級考試試題及答案-理工類B級第一部分：詞匯選項（第1—15題，每題1分，共15分）下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語畫有底橫線，請從每個句子背面所給旳4個選項中選擇1個與畫線部分意義最相近旳詞或短語。答案一律涂在答題卡對應旳位置上。1.Thehigh-speedtrainscanhaveamajorimpactontravelpreferences.AforceBinfluenceCsurpriseDpower2.Canyoufollowtheplot?AchangeBinvestigateCwriteDunderstand3.Eveninahighlymodernizedcountry,manualworkisstillneeded.AphysicalBmentalCnaturalDhard4.Inthelattercasetheoutcomecanbeseriousindeed.AresultBjudgmentCdecisionDevent5.NormanBlameyisanartistofdeepconvictions.AstatementsBbeliefsCsuggestionsDclaims6.Uptonow,theworkhasbeeneasy.ASoBSolongCSothatDSofar7.Thereportadvocatedsettingupdaytrainingcolleges.AsupposedBexcitedCsuggestedDdiscussed8.Accordingly,anumberofothermethodshavebeenemployed.AThereforeBAfterwardsCHoweverDFurthermore9.Theoutlookfromthetopofthemountainisbreathtaking.AviewBsightClookDpoint10.Ourlivesareintimatelyboundupwiththeirs.AtenselyBnearlyCcarefullyDclosely11.Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.AexplainedBinventedCconsideredDaccepted12.Hetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.AheavyBstrongCkindDwild13.Itisnousedebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy.AmakingBtakingCdiscussingDexpecting14.Ourstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing.AwasteBbuyCuseDsell15.Thefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.AfunctionBabilityCpowerDvolume第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16—22題，每題1分，共7分）閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了7個句子，請根據短文旳內容對每個句子做出判斷。假如該句提供旳是對旳信息，請在答題卡上把A涂黑；假如該句提供旳是錯誤信息，請在答題卡上把B涂黑；假如該句旳信息文章中沒有提及，請在答題卡上把C涂黑。TheThreattoKiribatiThepeopleofKiribatiareafraidthatonedayinthenot-too-distantfuture,theircountrywilldisappearfromthefaceoftheearth-literally.Severaltimesthisyear,thePacificislandnationhasbeenfloodedbyasuddenhightide.Thesetides,whichsweptacrosstheislandanddestroyedhouses,camewhentherewasneitherwindnorrain.“Thisneverhappenedbefore,”saytheoldercitizensofKiribati.Whatiscausingthesemysterioushightides?Theanswermaywellbeglobalwarming.Whenfuelslikeoilandcoalarebeingburned,pollutants(污染物)arereleased;thesepollutantstrapheatintheearth’satmosphere.Warmertemperaturescausewatertoexpandandalsocreatemorewaterbymeltingglaciers(冰川)andpolar(極地旳)icecaps.Ifthetrendcontinues,scientistssay,manycountrieswillsuffer,Bangladesh,forexample,mightloseone-fifthofitsland.Thecoral(珊瑚)islandnationsofthePacific,likeKiribatiandtheMarshallIslands,however,wouldfaceanevenworsefate–theywouldbeswallowedbythesea.Thelossofthesecoralislandswouldbeeveryone’sloss.Coralformationsarehometomorespeciesthananyotherplaceonearth.Thepeopleofthesenationsfeelfrustrated.Thesea,onwhichtheireconomieshavealwaysbeenbased,issuddenlythreateningtheirexistence.Theydon’thavethemoneyforexpensivetechnologicalsolutionslikeseawalls.Andtheyhavenocontroloverthepollutants,whicharebeingreleasedmainlybyactivitiesinlargeindustrializedcountries.Alltheycandoistohopethatindustrializedcountrieswilltakestepstoreducepollution.16.ThepeopleofKiribatiworrythatonedaytheircountrywillbetakenawaybyasuddenhightide.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned17.HightidesusedtoattackKiribatiwhentherewasstrongwindorheavyrain.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned18.Theheatreleasedbyburningoilandcoalisthedirectcauseofglobalwarming.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned19.Scientistsarenotsurehowserioustheeffectsofglobalwarmingwillbe.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned20.ThecoralislandnationsofthePacifichavealonghistoryofcivilization.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned21.Thepeopleofthecoralislandnationsareunabletodoanythingsubstantialabouttheproblemofglobalwarming.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned22.Someindustrializedcountriesareunwillingtospendmoneyinreducingpollution.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned第3部分：概括大意與完畢句子（第23—30題，每題1分，共8分）閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項測試任務：（1）第23—26題規定從所給旳6個選項中為第2、3、5和6段每段選擇1個對旳旳小標題；（2）第27—30題規定從所給旳6個選項中選擇4個對旳選項，分別完畢每個句子。請將答案涂在答題卡對應旳位置上。Robots1Themostsophisticated(先進旳)Japaneserobots,whichhavevisionsystemsandworkatveryhighspeeds,arestillbasedonAmericandesigns.Studiesofrobots,particularlycomputercontrolsoftware,areconsideredtobegenerallylessadvancedinJapanthaninAmericaorEurope.2Althoughindustrialrobotswereoriginallydevelopedasdevicesforsimplyhandlingobjects,todaytheircommonestusesareformoreskilledworklikewelding(焊接),spray-paintingandassemblingcomponents.3InBritain,robotsalesappropriatelypeakedin1984,buthavebeendecliningeversince.ThisispartlybecauseBritishwageratesaretoolowtomakerobotsfinanciallyattractiveandpartlybecauseengineersnowhavemoreexperiencewithrobotsandaremoreawareofthedifficultiesofintroducingthemeffectively.4Ithasbeencalculatedthatarobotusesonaverageabout100timesmoreenergythanahumantodoanequivalentjob.5Itisestimatedthat20%ofallcomicbookheroesinJapanarerobots.ThisisanenormousnumberbecausecomicsaresopopularthattheymakeupathirdofallmaterialpublishedinJapan.6ThereliabilityofrobotsismeasuredintheirM.T.B.F.ormeantimebetweenfailures.Thishasrisenfromabout250hoursinthemid-1970stoabout10,000hourstoday(equivalenttoworking18hoursadayfortwoyears.)Onewayrobotmanufacturershaveincreasedreliabilityistotesteverysinglecomponenttheybuy,insteadofthenormalprocedureofjusttestingasmallsample.7ThebiggestsinglebenefitofintroducingrobotsclaimedbyJapanesecompaniesisthattheyincreasequalitycontrol.Onceprogrammed,therobotscanworkmoreaccuratelyandconsistentlythanhumans,whocangettiredandbored.AOngoingResearchBExtensionofUseCRobotHeroesDGreaterReliabilityEFallingDemandFHiddenDanger23.Paragraph2_____________24.Paragraph3_____________25.Paragraph5_____________26.Paragraph6_____________27.EventhemostsophisticatedJapaneserobotsare__________.28.RobotsarelesspopularinBritaintodaypartlybecause________.29.Onedisadvantageofusingrobotsisthattheyconsume___________.30.Theuseofrobotsincreases___________.AtoomuchenergyBbasedonAmericandesignsCtheyaretoocostlyDtheyarenotreliableEqualitycontrolFfreeofcharge第4部分：閱讀理解（第31—45題，每題3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題背面有4個選項。請根據文章旳內容，從每題所給旳4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案，涂在答題卡對應旳位置上。第一篇NewFoodsandtheNewWorldInthelast500years,nothingaboutpeople–nottheirclothes,ideas,orlanguages–haschangedasmuchaswhattheyeat.Theoriginalchocolatedrinkwasmadefromtheseedsofthecocatree(可可樹)bySouthAmericanIndians.TheSpanishintroducedittotherestoftheworldduringthe1500’s.Andalthoughitwasveryexpensive,itquicklybecamefashionable.InLondon,shopswherechocolatedrinkswereservedbecameimportantmeetingplaces.Somestillexisttoday.ThepotatoisalsofromtheNewWorld.Around1600,theSpanishbroughtitfromPerutoEurope,whereitsoonwaswidelygrown.IrelandbecamesodependentonitthatthousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedwhenthecropfailedduringthe“PotatoFamine(饑荒)”of1845-1846,andthousandsmorewereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoAmerica.TherearemanyotherfoodsthathavetraveledfromSouthAmericatotheOldWorld.Butsomeotherswentintheoppositedirection.Brazilisnowtheworld’slargestgrowerofcoffee,andcoffeeisanimportantcropinColombiaandotherSouthAmericancountries.ButitisnativetoEthiopia,acountryinAfrica.ItwasfirstmadeintoadrinkbyArabduringthe1400’s.AccordingtoanArabiclegend,coffeewasdiscoveredwhenapersonnameKaldinoticedthathisgoatswereattractedtotheredberriesonacoffeebush.Hetriedoneandexperiencedthe“wide-awake”feelingthatone-thirdoftheworld’spopulationnowstartsthedaywith.31.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinghaschangedthemostinthelast500years?A.FoodB.ClothingC.Ideology.D.Language.32.“Some”inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphreferstoA.somecocoatrees.B.somechocolatedrinks.C.someshops.D.somesouthamericanindians.33.ThousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedduringthe“PotatoFamine”becauseA.theyweresodependentonpotatoesthattheyrefusedtoeatanythingelse.B.theywereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoamerica.C.theweatherconditionsinirelandwerenotsuitableforgrowingpotatoes.D.thepotatoharvestwasbad.34.Whichcountryisthelargestcoffeeproducer?A.Brazil.B.Colombia.C.Ethiopia.D.Egypt.35.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue,accordingtothepassage?A.Onethirdoftheworld’spopulationdrinkscoffee.B.CoffeeisnativetoColombia.C.Coffeecankeeponeawake.D.CoffeedrinkswerefirstmadebyArabs.第二篇PleaseFastenYourSeatbeltsSevereturbulence(湍流)cankillaircraftpassengers.Now,intestflightsovertheRockyMountains,NASA(美國航空航天局)engineershavesuccessfullydetectedclear-airturbulenceupto10secondsbeforeanaircrafthitsit.Clear-airturbulenceoftencatchespilotsbysurprise.Invisibletoradar,itisdifficulttoforecastandcanhurl(用力拋出去)passengersaboutthecabin.InDecember1997,onepassengerdiedandahundredotherswereinjuredwhenunexpectedroughaircausedaUnitedAirlinesflightoverthePacifictodrop300metresinafewseconds.However,passengerscanavoidseriousinjurybyfasteningtheirseatbelts.“Itistheonlyantidote(對策)forthissortofthings,”saysRodBogue,projectmanageratNASA’sDrydenFlightResearchCenterinEdwards,California.Thecentre’snewturbulencedetectorisbasedonlidar,orlaserradar,Laserpulsesaresentaheadoftheplaneandthesearethenreflectedbackbyparticlesintheair.ThetechniquedependsontheDopplereffect.Thewavelengthofthelightshiftsaccordingtothespeedatwhichtheparticlesareapproaching.Incalmair,thespeedequalstheplane’sairspeed.Butastheparticlesswirl(打漩)inroughair,theirspeedofapproachincreasesordecreasesrapidly.Therateofchangeinspeedcorrespondstotheseverity(劇烈程度)oftheturbulence.Inaseriesofteststhatbeganlastmonth,aresearchjetflewrepeatedlyintodisturbedairoverthemountainridges(山脈)nearPueblo,Colorado.Thelidardetectorspottedturbulencebetween3and8kilometresahead,anditsforecastsofstrengthanddurationcorrespondedcloselywiththeturbulencethattheplaneencountered.Boguesaysthathehad“acomfortableamountoftime”tofastenhisseatbelt.Theresearchersareplanningtoimprovethelidar’srangewithamorepowerfulbeam.Thesystemcouldbeinstalledoncommercialaircraftinthenextfewyears.36.Whatdoes“clear-airturbulence”probablymean?(Paragraph1)AAnotveryroughstorm.BUnexpecteddisturbedair.CAkindofvisiblestorm.DAstormovermountainridges.37.InDecember1997,aUnitedAirlinesflighthitunexpectedroughair,Acausingalotofdamagetotheplane.Bthrowingitspassengersoutofthecabin.Cresultinginheavycasualties.Dforcingthepilottomakeanemergencylanding.38.TheturbulencedetectorcantelltheseverityoftheturbulencebymeasuringAthespeedoftheplane.Bthespeedofthelight.Cthenumberofparticlesintheair.Dthechangesoftheparticles’speed.39.WecaninferfromthefifthparagraphthatAthelidardetectorcansuccessfullyforecastturbulence.Bresearchersarenotsureabouttheeffectivenessofthelidardetector.Cpassengerplaneswillbeusedinfurtherexperiments.Dnomoretestflightsareneeded.40.Thelastparagraphtellsus,amongotherthings,thatAthelidardetectorneedsimprovement.Bmanyairlinesareinterestedinthesystem.Cpassengersoftenforgettofastentheirseatbelts.Dthelidardetectorcanbeusedinawiderangeofareas.第三篇“Salty”RicePlantBoostsHarvestsBritishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirworkmayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.TimFlowersandTonyYeo,fromSussexUniversity’sSchoolofThepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogramme,fundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil,toestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocrops,startingwithrice.Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan100hectares(公頃)ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts(阻礙生長)plants.Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropics,mangroves(紅樹林)thatcreateswamps(沼澤)andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawaterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterranean,aseriesofdroughtshavecausedthewatertabletodrop,allowingseawatertoseep(滲透)in.inLatinAmerica,irrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated(蒸發)bytheheat,leavingsaltdepositsbehind.Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvive.Toovercometheseproblems,FlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattakeinverylittlesaltandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthatdonotaffecttheplants’growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanewricecrop,butitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresultingseedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.Oncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknown,FlowersandYeowilltrytobreedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsandplants.Landthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagain,providingmuchneededfoodinthepoorercountriesoftheworld.41WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoistrue?ATheyarestudentsatSussexBTheyarericebreeders.CTheyarehusbandandwifeDTheyarecolleaguesataninstitutionofhigherlearning.42FlowersandYeohavestartedaprogrammeAtofindwaystopreventwaterpollution.Btoidentifygenesthatpromotegrowthinsaltysoil.Ctobreedriceplantsthattastesalty.Dtofindwaystoremoveexcessivesaltfromsoil.43WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseoftheproblemdiscussedinthepassage?ANaturalbarrierstoseawaterhavebeendestroyed.BThewatertablehasgonedownafterdroughts.CSealevelhasbeencontinuouslyrising.DEvaporationofwaterleavessaltbehind.44Theword“affect”inParagraph6couldbebestreplacedbyA“influence”B“effect”C“stop”D“present”45TheattitudeoftheauthortowardstheresearchprojectisApositiveBnegative.CsuspiciousDindifferent.第5部分：補全短文（第46—50題，每題2分，共10分）閱讀下面旳短文，文章中有5處空白，文章背面有6組文字，請根據文章旳內容選擇5組文字，將其分別放回文章原有位置，以恢復文章原貌。請將答案涂在答題卡對應旳位置上。LookingintotheFutureBertrandRussell,afamousphilosopher,saidin1944,“Theonethingthestudyofthepastteachesusisthatthefutureisneverhowpeopleimagineitwillbe.”In1946,physicistspredictedthatwithintwentyyears,mostoftheworld’senergywouldbesuppliedbynuclearpower.__________(46)In1951,afamoussurgeonsaidthatheandhiscolleagueswereconfidentthat“bytheendofthe1950s,acureformostifnotallcancerswillhavebeenfound.”In1954,anAmericaneconomistpredictedAmericanswouldgoongettingricherandricher.___________(47).Intheyear1969,anautomationengineerworkingforMaxFactorCosmeticsinBritainsaidthat“withintwentyortwenty-fiveyearsfactoriesthattodayemployhundredsofworkerswillneedonlyfiveortencomputertechnicianstorunthem.”_____________(48).Intheearly1970s,thereweremanypredictionsthatbeforetheendofthecenturymosthomesintheUnitedStates,EuropeandJapanwouldhavecomputersinthem.___________(49)Longbefore1980,itwaspredictedthatinsteadoflettingnatureandluckchoosetheirchildren’scharacteristics,peoplewouldhavetodecidewhichcharacteristicstheywantedtheirchildrentoinheritfromthemandpreviousgenerationsintheirfamilies.____________(50)Wemaybeabletohave“undesirable”characteristicschangedordestroyedthroughgenetictherapy.PerhapswemayevenbegintowishthatBertrandRussellwasrightwhenhesaidthathistoryteachesusthatthefutureisneverlikethatfutureweimagine.A“Bytheendofthecentury,”hesaid,“therewillbenopovertyanywhereinthecountry.”BIfthispredictioncomestrue,wewillbefacedwithamuchgreaterresponsibilitythaneverbefore.CAccordingtothesamepredictions,thiswouldresultin“aninformationexplosion”aswellas“radicalandrevolutionarychangesinthewaywework,learn,anddobusiness.”DWhenthispredictioncametrue,morepeoplewouldbekilledthaneverbefore.ETheywerecertainthatthiswouldnotonlybe“farcleanerthancoalandotherfossilfuelsbutfarsaferandmuchcheaper.”FHeaddedthatthis“willleadtoenormoussocialproblemsforunskilledmanualworkersinparticular,whowillbeunabletofindwork.”第6部分：完形填空（第51—65題，每題1分，共15分）閱讀下面旳短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出了4個選項，請根據短文旳內容從4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案，涂在答題卡對應旳位置上。TheAmericanFamilyIntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenare___________(51)enough,theytakepartaswell.Foreignersareoftensurprisedbythepermissiveness(寬容)ofAmericanparents.Theoldrulethat“childrenshouldbeseenandnotheard”israrely_______(52),andchildrenareoftenallowedtodo____________(53)theywishwithoutstrictcontroloftheirparents.Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentolistentohim__________(54)question,andchildrenareencouragedtobe______________(55)atanearlyage.SomepeoplebelievethatAmeri