Unit10I’vehadthisbikeforthreeyears.SectionAGrammarFocusLead

in多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間

三年

軌道火車

四歲生日

一段時(shí)間

三天以前

十小時(shí)以前

howlongthreeyearstrainandrailwaysetfourthbirthdayawhilethreedaysagotenhoursagoLead

in下個(gè)月

去年11月

去年

返回

家鄉(xiāng)

希望做某事

明年

最古老的建筑之一

nextmonthlastNovemberlastyear

bebacktohometownhopetodosth.nextyearoneoftheoldestbuildingsObjectivesMasterthenewwordsandphrases.Dosomeexercisestoconsolidatethetargetlanguage.Theusagesofforandsinceinpresentprefecttense.

1.Lookatthesentencesintheblanks，readthem(3’)2.Haveacheck.(2’)Self-learningHowlonghaveyouhadthatbikeoverthere?I'vehaditforthreeyears.Howlonghashissonownedthetrainandrailwayset? He’sowneditsincehisfourthbirthday.Haveyoueverplayedfootball?Yes,IdidwhenIwaslittle,butIhaven'tplayedforawhilenow.GrammarFocus

表示從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示“從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)”連用，如“for+時(shí)間段”、“since+過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)”、“since+過(guò)去時(shí)的從句”、“since+一段時(shí)間+ago”。且for與since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換。PresentPerfectTense現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Exploratione.g.Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryfortenyears.=Myunclehasworkedatthisfactorysincetenyearago.I’ve

lived

here

since

1990．自從1990年以來(lái)我就住在這里。

I

haven’t

seen

him

for

three

years.

我三年沒(méi)有看見他了。

含有for，since的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法歌訣:

過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，for、since把時(shí)間帶。She’s

been

at

this

school

since

fiveyears

ago.

自從五年前她就在這個(gè)學(xué)校。

口訣for與since都能與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，但區(qū)別較大：（1）for后須接“時(shí)間段”

e.g.HehasstudiedEnglishforfiveyears.

他學(xué)英語(yǔ)5年了。（2）since后須接“時(shí)間點(diǎn)”e.g.HehasstudiedEnglishsince1999.

他從1999年開始學(xué)英語(yǔ)。for和since在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的應(yīng)用（3）二者可以轉(zhuǎn)換

for+一段時(shí)間=since+一段時(shí)間+ago

e.g.Hehasbeenhereforfiveweeks.=Hehasbeenheresincefiveweeksago.

他到這兒已經(jīng)有五個(gè)星期了。e.g.HehastaughtheresincehecametoChina.自從他來(lái)到中國(guó)就在這兒教書。Wehavebeenfriendssincewemetinschool.我們從在學(xué)校見面起就成為了好朋友。（4）since能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句(主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí))，而for則不能。（6）均須與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，也可以與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定式連用。

e.g.Ihavehadthiscomputersincefouryearsago.Ihaven’tboughtanythingfortwomonths.Ihaven’theardfromhimfor3weeks.

非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用于完成時(shí)態(tài)，在肯定句中不能與for或since引出的短語(yǔ)(或句子)連用，但在否定句中是可以的，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞一旦被否定即成為狀態(tài)，而狀態(tài)總是可以延續(xù)的。如：

Ihaven’tseenhimforalongtime.

我很久沒(méi)見到他了。

Hehasn’tcomehereforsometime.

他有段時(shí)間沒(méi)來(lái)了。

Ihaven’theardfromhersincesheleft.

自她離開以后，我一直沒(méi)收到她的來(lái)信。（7）二者引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)往往用howlong提問(wèn)。e.g.—Howlonghaveyouhadthisbook?—Foraweek./Sinceaweekago.

——這本書你買多久了?

——買一周了。常見非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)變第一類：短暫性動(dòng)詞be+adj.diefinishopen/closefallill/asleepmarrysb/getmarriedto第二類：短暫性動(dòng)詞be+介詞start/beginleavejoin

bedeadbeawayfrombein/beamemberofbeopen/closedbeonbeoverbeill/asleepbemarriedto第三類：短暫性動(dòng)詞另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞buyborrowbecomeputonkeephavebewear

巧記瞬間性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：

開始離去借來(lái)還，出生入死買到家，穿衣入睡要感冒，開開關(guān)關(guān)變結(jié)束。1beginbeon6

returnbeback2leavebeawayfrom7

joinbein3

gobeoff8

diebedead4

borrowkeep9

buyhave5

comebehere10

arrivebehere10reachbehere11putonwear12fallasleepbeasleep13catchacoldhaveacold14openbeopen15closebeclosed16becomebe17end/finishbeover1.轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

borrow—keepbuy—haveputon—wearcatchacold—haveacoldgettoknow—know

非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換2.轉(zhuǎn)化為“be+形容詞/副詞/介詞/名詞”

begin/start—beon goout—beout close—beclosedopen—beopen die—bedead leave—beawaygetto/arrive/reach—be(in)finish—beoverfallasleep—beasleepjoin—bein/beamemberofbecome—bemakefriends—befriendscome/go/—be+here/thereTheoldmandied4yearsago.—Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.

Hejoined

theParty2yearsago.—HehasbeeninthePartyfor

2years.Ibought

thebook5daysago.—Ihavehadthebookfor5days.e.g.一、選擇for或since填空：

Ihavebeenhere_____fivemonthsago.2.Hehasbeenasoldier____abouttwomonths.3.Greatchangeshavetakenplace_____youleft.4.Hisgrandpahasbeendead____tenyears.5.IhavestudiedEnglish______Iwas12yearsold.6.Itistwoyears_______Ibecameapostgraduatestudent.sinceforsinceforsincesince4aRewritethesentencesusingfor

or

since.1.JimisinJapan.Hearrivedtherethreedaysago.2.Theyareveryhungry.Theirlastmealwastenhoursago.3.Ihaveacamera.Iboughtitin2009.JimhasbeeninJapanforthreedays.Theyhavenoteatenfortenhours.Ihavehadacamerasince2009.4.IknowAnn.Ifirstmetherthreeyearsago.5.Lindaisill.ShebecameillonMonday.IhaveknownAnnaforthreeyears.LindahasbeenillsinceMonday.4bFillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.I_______________(neverbe)tothewaterparkbefore.Iwantto_____(go)nextmonthbeforetheweathergetstoocold.2.They________________(neverown)anypets,butthey___________________(alwayswant)tohaveadog.haveneverbeengohaveneverownedhavealwayswanted3.We________(have)apianosincelastNovember.We________(buy)itfromtheLifamilywhentheymovedtotheUSlastyear.4.CathyandAmy_________________________(notbe)backtotheirhometownfortwoyears.They_____(miss)theirhometownalotandhopetovisittheplacenextyear.havehadhavenotbeen/haven’tbeenboughtmiss5.Thismuseum________(be)hereforover20years.It____(be)oneoftheoldestbuildingsinthissmalltown.hasbeenis4cFillinthequestionsandasktwostudents.Thencompletethechart.1.Doyouhavea(n)_________?Howlonghaveyouhadit?2.Doyouowna(n)__________?Howlonghaveyouownedit?ThingsHowlongTonyfavoritebookfortwoyearsbasketballsincehewas10yearsoldstudent1student2SummaryTellthedifferences