2020年高考英語語法專項突破訓練專題一冠詞重難點分析冠詞是一種虛詞，沒有詞義，不能單獨使用，放在名詞的前面，幫助說明名詞的含義。冠詞主要分為定冠詞、不定冠詞和零冠詞。歷年高考試題對冠詞的考查涉及到冠詞的位置、不定冠詞、定冠詞、零冠詞及固定搭配中的冠詞等各個方面。下面我們以表格的形式對前四個方面進行梳理總結。一、冠詞的位置考占J八、、示例1such/what/many/rather/quite+a(n)+形容詞+單數可數名詞quiteasmallhouse,suchalittleboy2how/however/so/too/as/that/this+形容詞+a(n)+單數可數名詞soniceagirl3both/all/half/twice/double+the+名詞twicethesizeoftheroom4halfa(n)或ahalf+單數可數名詞halfanhour/ahalfhour二、不定冠詞考占J八、、示例1表示泛指，與any冋義Asquarehasfoursides.正方形有四邊。2表示數量“一”，與one同義，但其數的概念不如one強烈Hewillbebackinaweek.一周后，他就會回來了。3表示一類人或東西，與thesame同義Birdofafeatherflocktogether.物以類聚，人以群分。4表示“每一個”，與every,each,per同義Ivisitmyfatheronceamonth.我一個月見一次我爸爸。5表示“某一”，與acertain同義AMr.Smithiswaitingtoseeyou.一位斯密斯先生在等著要見你。6表示“像……似的”，與like同義HeisaLeiFenginourclass.他是我們班上的雷鋒。7用在某些物質名詞前表示“一種、一陣、一份或一場”等Wehadaheavyrainlastnight.我們昨晚遇到了一場大雨。8用在某些抽象名詞前，使其具體化Youareagreathelptoyourmother.你幫了你母

親一個大忙。三、定冠詞考占J八、、示例1特指上文提到過的、談話雙方都清楚的、受定語修飾的人或物ThereImetaforeigner,andtheforeignerhelpedmealot.Doyouknowthemanstandingbythewindow?2用于單數名詞前，指一類事物Thelionisawildanimal.3用于樂器名稱前playtheviolin/piano4用于世界上獨一無二的事物前thesun,theearth,themoon5與某些形容詞連用表示一類人therich,thepoor,theyoung,theaged6用在序數詞和最高級前thefirstonetocometoschool,thebeststudentinourclass7在江河、湖海、山脈群島、海峽海岸的地名中TheChangjiangRiver,theWestLake,theEnglishChannel8在表示姓氏的復數名詞前、逢整十數詞的復數前theBrowns,inthe1980s9在表示國家的形容詞前，泛指該國的人民theChinese,theEnglish10用在一些習慣用語中inthemorning,thedayaftertomorrow,thedaybeforeyesterday,thenextyear四、零冠詞考占J八、、示例1專有名詞和不可數名詞前China,America,GradeOne,ClassTwo,air,money,water2名詞前已有this,that,my,your,some,any等Godownthisstreet.3當復數名詞和不可數名詞表示泛指時Wearestudents.Ilikereadingstories.4成對名詞連用時dayafterday,facetoface5在球類、棋類、學科、語言、三餐名詞前playbasketball,playchess,likephysics,speakEnglish,atlunch6AutumnisthebestseasoninBeijing.InMay,NewYeai'sDay,onSunday在季節、月份、星期或某些含Day的節假日等名詞前7在某些習慣用語中的名詞前atnoon,bybus,bytelephone,inbed,intime,gotobed,gotocollege五、英語中含有冠詞的詞組辨析英語中有不少詞組，從形式看好像只有冠詞之差，而實際上卻是意義完全不同的詞組。infrontof在（外）的前面；inthefrontof在（內）的前面Thereisagardeninfrontoftheclassroom.教室前面有一個花園。（外）Thereisablackboardinthefrontoftheclassroom.教室前面有一塊黑板。（內）inchargeof掌管、負責；inthechargeof在……負責之下Anexperiencedworkerisinchargeoftheproject.一位有經驗的個人負責這個項目。Theprojectisinthechargeofanexperiencedworker.這個項目由一位經驗豐富的工人負責。attable在進餐、吃飯時；atthetable在桌旁Heseldomtalksattable.吃飯時他很少說話。Theysatatthetable,talkingandlaughing.他們坐在桌旁，邊說邊笑。byday白天、日間；bytheday按日計Heworksinanofficebyday.他白天在辦公室工作。Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesgetpaidbytheday.大城市的清潔女工按日獲得報酬。takeplace發生、舉行；taketheplace（of）代替、接替Whendidthisconversationtakeplace?這次談話什么時候進行的？Electrictrainshavenowtakentheplaceofsteamtrainsinourcountry.在我們國家，電力火車已經取代了蒸汽火車。inwords用語言；inaword總之Pleaseexpressyourthoughtsinwords.請用言語表達你的想法。Inaword,Idon'ttrustyou.總之，我不相信你。attimes有時、不時；atatime一次Idofeelalittlenervousattimes.有時我確實感到有些緊張。Passmethebrickstwoatatime.每次遞給我兩塊磚。little少、不多的；alittle一些、一點兒Hurryup,thereislittletimeleft.快點，時間不多了。Don'thurry,youstillhavealittletime.不用急，你還有時間。few很少、幾乎沒有的；afew有些、幾個Heisamanoffewwords.他是一個少言寡語的人。Onlyafewofthechildrencanread.只有幾個孩子會閱讀。amostinteresting非常有趣的；themostinteresting最有趣的（形容詞的最高級）Thisisamostinterestingstory.這是一個非常有趣的故事。Thisisthemostinterestingstoryofthethree.這是三個故事中最有趣的一個。adoctorandnurse一位醫生兼護士；adoctorandanurse一位醫生和一位護士Adoctorandnurseisstandingthere.一位兼護士的醫生正站在那兒。Adoctorandanursearestandingthere.一位醫生和一位護士正站在那兒。anumberof許多、好些；thenumberof的數目（后面的謂語動詞用單數）Anumberofstudentsareintheclassroom.許多學生在教室里。Thenumberofstudentsintheclassroomisforty.教室里有40個學生。考點練透一、單句填空用適當的冠詞填空，不需要的劃“/”。—hello,couldIspeaktoMr.Smith?—Sorry,wrongnumber.Thereisn'tMr.Smithhere.Iknowyoudon'tlikemusicverymuch.Butwhatdoyouthinkofmusicinthefilmwesawyesterday?—Iknockedovermycoffeecup.Itwentrightoverkeyboard.—Youshouldn'tputdrinksnearcomputer.Ofallreasonsformydecisiontobecomeauniversityprofessor,myfather'sadvicewasmostimportantone.AccordingtoWorldHealthOrganization,health-careplansareneededinallbigcitiestopreventspreadofAIDS.Forhimstageisjustmeansofmakingaliving.Ithinkifreallyhonorformetospeakhere.ThislabusedtobeinchargeofMr.Wang.IknowthereisMr.Smithnextdoor,whohasgoneonbusiness.Hedevotesmostofhistimetofootball.AndIamsurehepromisesexcellentfootballer.Don'tloseheart.Pleasehavesecondtry.Thosewhoarerichshouldhelppoor.Insomefactoriesworkersgetpaidbypiece.JohnisuniversitystudentfromEuropeancountry.Teachersplayactiveandimportantpartinbuildingupstudents'character.Zhangsliveonthesecondfloor.Itisknowntousallthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.Atowerisseenindistance.Incaseoffire,pleasepressredbutton.Shenzhenhaspopulationofmorethan10million.daysIspentwithMaryinShanghaiweresowonderful.Mybrotherwasborninspringof1990.Howsweetlyshesings!Ihaveneverheardbettervoice.BeijingissecondlargestcityinChina.MytriptoTibetwasreallyunforgettableexperience.二、語篇填空在括號中填入適當的冠詞。Thereoncewasakingwhooffered1prizeto2artistwhowouldpaint3bestpictureofpeace.Manyartiststried.Thekinglookedatall4pictures.Buttherewereonlytwohereallyliked,andhehadtochoosebetweenthem.Onepicturewasofacalmlake.Thelakewasaperfectmirrorforpeacefulhighmountainsallaroundit.Overheadwasablueskywithfluffy（絨毛狀的）whiteclouds.Allwhosawthispicturethoughtitwas5perfectpictureofpeace.Theotherpicturehadmountains,too.Butthesewereruggedandbare.Abovewas6angrysky,fromwhichrainfellandinwhichlightningplayed.Down7sideofthemountaintumbled（翻騰）afoamingwaterfall.Thisdidnotlookpeacefulatall.Butwhenthekinglookedclosely,hesawbehind8waterfallatinybushgrowinginacrackintherock.Inthebush9motherbirdhadbuilthernest.There,inthemidstofthebushofangrywater,satthemotherbirdonhernest—inperfectpeace.Thekingchose10secondpicture.三、語法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。

MostofusknowabouttheNobelPrize,especiallytheNobelPeacePrize,butfewofusknowanythingaboutthemanwhosetthemup.HisnamewasAlfredNobel,1outstandingscientistandinventor.Besides,hehadabigbusiness2makingandsellingexplosives,whichmaysurpriseyou.Hiscompaniesevenmadeandsoldweapons.Isn'tthissomething3surprisesyou?ThemanwhomademoneyfromweaponsshouldsetupthePeacePrize?4AlfredNobelhadalotofmoneyfromweapons,hehatedwar.Hehopedthattherewouldbenowarintheworld.Hewasoneofthe5(rich)inEurope.Whenhediedin1896,heleftbehindhimalotofmoneyandhisfamouswill.Accordingtohiswill,mostofhismoneywasplacedinafund.Hewantedtheinterestfromthefundtobeusedasprizeseveryyear.Weknowthem6theNobelPrizes.TheNobelPrizesareinternational.AlfredNobelwantedthe7(win)tobechosenfortheirwork,notthecountry8camefrom.AlfredNobel9(give)hiswholelifetohisstudiesandworkandtothebenefitsofmankind.Hemademoneyallbyhisownefforts,10helefttheworldsharehiswealth.Hisinventionsandwealthstaywiththeworldforever.助讀詞匯explosive助讀詞匯explosiven.炸藥outstandingadj.杰出的willn.遺囑benefitn.利益setup設立；建立fundn.基金weaponn.武器interestn.利息；收益effortsn.努力leavebehind留下參考答案考點練透一、單句填空1.a2./;the3.the;a4.the;the5.the;the6.the;a7.an8.the9.a;/10./;an11.a12.the13.the14.a;a15.an16.The17./;/18.the19.the20.a21.The22.the23.a24.the25.