III.VocabularyActivities1.extremely (very)hazard (danger)pollute (makedirtyorunfituse)originally (inthebeginning)feasibility (possibilityofbeingcarriedout)survive (continuetolive,esp.aftercomingclosetodeath)atmosphere(thewholemassofairroundtheearth)conclusion(belieforopinionwhichistheresultofreasoning)proceed (continue,esp.afteraninterruption)conference(ameetingfordiscussion)billion (athousandmillion)humorous(amusingandfunny)Fillintheblankswithnoticeorpayattentiontointheircorrectnotice……留心…Haveyounoticedshewearsaveryexpensivenecklace?payattentionto,…Whenyoudriveacar,youshouldpayattentiontodrivethelines?Ifyouhadpaidattentiontowhathesaid,youcouldhaveavoidedrepeatingsuchabadmistake. 與過去相反Mr.Whitedidn’tknowIwasinhisoffice.Hewastoobusytonoticeme.OnthewayhomefromthepartyNancyaskedhermotherifshehadnoticedanythingstrangeinthewaythehostessbehaved.if–賓語從句 anything←strangeadj奇怪的情況“Payattentiontowhatyouaredoing,”theteachersaid“Youshouldnotletyourthoughtswander.”祈使句letyourthoughts(to)wander使意動詞后不定式去toMrs.WolfenoticedagreatchangeinherhusbandwhenhereturnedformabusinesstriptoEurope.Obviouslytoomuchattentionwaspaidtothedetails.Obviouslytoomuchattentionhasbeenpaidtothedetails.Fillintheblankswithspend,payorcost:spend人做主語+spend+time/pay人做主語+pay+moneytocost物做主語+cost+moneyTheNewEnglish-ChineseDictionaryIboughthercostmealmostYuan.TheNewEnglishChineseDictionary定從IboughtherWhenhewasveryyoungJoeoftenwonderedwhyhismotherwouldn'tspendapennyonherself.DoesitcostalottohavetheCDplayerrepaired?4）Peter’sauntisusedtoasimplewayofliving.Nowondershedoesn’twanttospendsomuchmoneyonfoodorclothing.usedp去常常做某事usedtosth/usedtodoingIusedtogetupat6.beusedto習慣于Iamusedtogettingupearly.Nowondershedoesn’tsomuchmoneyonfoodorclothing.Itisnowonderhtshedoesnanttospendsomuchmoneyonfoodor整句Itisnowonderthatyoucame/werelater.itis…that/itwaa以當句子成份nowonder難怪/smallwonder/littlewonderA:Theyaregettingdivorced.B:Nowonder.Itisnowonderthathegotaloanfromthebank.Janepaidlessthantwelvepoundsforhershoes.paymoneyforsthlessthan到Ipaidlessthannformywatch.Ipaidlessthannformybag.Thethiefwasabouttoleavethestorewhenhewasstoppedandaskedifthearticlesunderhisarmhadbeenpaidfor.beabouttoIamabouttogetmarried.Thefilmisabouttostart.Please,getready.Theguestsareabouttoarrive.hewasstoppedandaskedif賓從thearticlesunderhisarmhadbeenpaidarticles//東西Itgoeswithoutsayingthateveryonehastospendtogetintothecinema.thateveryonehastospendtogetintothecinema.主從Dick’sunclehiseducationashisfatherhascomedownintheworld.as原因狀語從句hisfatherhascomedownintheworld.Electricitywillprobablycostmorethanitdidlastelectricity電Inthepastfewyearsthefactoryspentalotofmoneyimprovingitsworking.thefactory相當于人稱sbspendmoneysthcostsbpayfor為什么支付錢Fillineachoftheblanksinthefollowingsentenceswithawordorphrase1)IndustrialcitiessuchasChicagoandDetroithaveseverelyhavebeenpolluting/havepollutedthewatersoftheGreatLakes.Severely嚴格地 waters水域Iwanttodrinksomewater.2）Theyarestudyingthefeasibilityofbuildinganewshoppingcenteroutsidetown.Medicalresearchersreachedtheconclusionlongagothatsmokingisserioushazardtohealth.reached達到reachaconclusion/cometoaconclusionarriveataconclusion/drawaconclusionlongago很久以前conclusion同位語從句thatsmokingisaserioushazardtohealth.Smokingisahazardtohealth.GeorgeWashington,thefirstPresidentoftheUnitedStates,isknownas theFatherofHisCountry.knownas…/…GeorgeWashington,同位語thefirstPresidentoftheUnitedStates,Thefirethatbrokeoutintheplantduringthenightwasstillseengiving off/emittingalotofsmokethenextmorning.Thefire←主語補足語givingoffalotofsmokethenextmorning.Hewasseenstandingatthegateofthelibrary.Thefirethat定從brokeoutintheplantduringtheplant/factory/mill工廠 DalianSteelPlantTheWorldCupwastransmittedaroundtheworldbysatellite.transmitted傳播ThemoviewearegoingtoseeissaidtobebasedonthelifestoryofanAmericangeneral.ThemovieissaidtobebasedonthelifestoryofanAmericangeneral.Themovie定從wearegoingtogeneral/大眾Therearenineplanetsinthesolarsystem.Theyare:Mercury,Venus,Earth,Mars,Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus,NeptuneandPluto.SupportersofguncontrolhaveworkedformanyyearstobanthesaledeadlyhandgunsinAmerican.haveworked努力Mynativetown,whichwasoriginallyratersmall,hasnowbeenintothesky.Mynativetown我的老家hasnowbeenbuiltintothesky.whichwasoriginallyratersmall,hasnowbeenbuiltintothesky.非限定性定從JinmaoBuildinginPudong,Shanghaicanbeseenfrommilesstickingup.stickingup分詞短語做原因狀語Thespeakersaidsomethingabouttheactorsfirstandthenproceededtalkaboutthefilm.Wehadalongdebateastowhetherweshouldspendsomuchmoneyspacetechnology.asto/about debate討論asto←whether賓從weshouldspendsomuchmoneyonspacetechnology.介詞–賓語從句Aplatedroppedfromherfingersandsmashedintopiecesonthekitchenfloor.Thebadweathersetbackourbuildingprogrambythreeweeks.“Whywon’tyougotoTibetwithme?”“Foronething,Idon’tlikeflying,andforanother,Ican’taffordit.”Rewriteeachofthefollowingsentences,usingthewordsinbrackets:Watermakesupmostoftheearth’ssurface.AmakeupB A構成BTheearth’ssurfaceismostlycomposedofwater.BiscomposedofA B由A構成BothiceandsnowontheroadsmakedrivingdangerousduringtheChristmasseason.both…and…兩者都BothLynneandIliketowatchTVseries.Ilikebothnovelsandmovies.make+O+C←adj makedrivingdangerousHiswordsmakemeveryangry.HerChristmasgiftmademeveryhappy.Thesituationthenmadeherverynervous.Thepresentsituationmakehisverynervous.Suchkindoflifemakesherbored.IceandsnowontheroadsbothcreatehazardsfordriversduringtheChristmasseason.Theyoungestchildofthefamilywastheonlysurvivoroftheearthquake.Theyoungestchildsurvivedtheearthquake,buttherestofthefamilysurvivorof什么的幸存者Hewastheonlysurvivorofthecaraccident.Mr.Wangwastheonlysurvivorofthesurvivedintheearthquake -vtsurvivedtheearthquake -viSomestreetsinAmericancitiesarenotsafeplacetolivebecauseofstreets←介詞短語做定語Crimemakes/hasmakesomestreetsinAmericancitiesunfittolive.Thefogresultedinseveralcarsrunningintoeachotheronthehighway.runinto碰撞 O C分詞做賓補Severalcarscrashedintoeachotheronthehighwayduetothefog.resultinleadtocause導致，造成SARSresultedinthedeathofmanypeopleinthespringofduetobecauseofprep因為Wedidn'tgototheZooduetothebadweather.Ididn'tgotoschoolbecauseofahighfever.Theriderofthemotorbikestretchedouthisarmtowarnthathewouldleft. 目的狀語賓從Theriderofthemotorbikemadeasignalwithhisarmforaleftturn.Theriderofthemotorbikestretchedouthisarmtomakeasignalforaleftturn. riderof什么的騎行者IV.EnrichingYourWordPower1.accept–acceptance guide–guidanceappear–appearance perform–performancearrive–arrival propose–proposaldepend–dependence refuse–refusaldiffer–difference remove–disturb–disturbance sign–signalexist–existence survive–survivorconfer–conference insist–insistence2.Completethefollowingsentences: n+v+er=sb/sthAdressmakerisapersonwhosejobismakingwomen’sdressesandotherclothing.Atroublemakerisapersonwhooftenmakestroubleforothers.Aweedkilerisachemicalforkillingweeds.Arecordholderisonewhoholdstherecordforsomeachievement.Atimekeeperisapersonorthingthatkeepstime.Alandownerisapersonwhoownsland.Abooksellerisapersonwhosellsbook.Ashipbuilderisapersonwhoseworkisbuildingships.Ataxidriverisapersonwhosejobisdrivingataxicab.Acanopenerisatoolforopeningcans.Usage.有時形容詞也是以ly結尾的這些形容詞有指代人的名詞構成，表明人具有或應刻具有的本質ly每隔一段時間發生的事情。少數不與名詞相關的ly結尾的形容詞如deadly,lively,lonely,sillyTheotherdayIcalledonAlan’scousin,a friendlymanwhoofferedteaandcakes.Carsturnintodeadlyweaponswhentheyaredrivencarelessly.Myfatherreadsthedailypaperatbreakfasteachmorning.Youaresoluckytoliveherewithallthislovelycountrysidearoundyou.Mymotherusedtotellmeitwasn’tmanlyforlittleboysaroundyou.meitwasn’tmanlyfor賓語從句做直賓WhenDavidfirstmovedtoNewYorkhedidn’tknowanyoneandhefeltverylonely. felt–L lonely–PWegoanddotheweeklyshoppingeveryThursday.8.Agood-naturedmotherlywomanfromthehousenextdoorhelpedwiththebaby.good-naturedmotherly前置定語→woman←fromthehousenextdoor后置定語Structure1.because+從句becauseof–prep+/詞組Henrycouldn’ttakepartinthesportsmeetbecauseofhisbrokenleg.takepartin參加WeweresorrytohearthatMr.Davidsonhadtoretireattheageofbecauseofhispoorhealth.Wedidn’tgototheconcertbecauseoftheheavysnow.preventsbfromdoingsth阻止某人…Icouldn’tfallasleepbecauseofthenoise.keepsbfromdoingsth…Itwasthat是強調句式whatdoyouthinkof怎么樣？beunfittodo不適合Itisratherdifficulttopronounce.不定式做方面狀語，在讀這方面AsfarasIknowitiseasytoexplain.Whataboutthat…什么怎么樣？ItisasdifficulttomanageasHenry’s.as一樣的…as像什么，和什么Itwillbefittowearifyoushortenthesleeves.befitto 適合Totellthetruth,itisimpossibletoanswer.獨立成份Itisnotpossibletoseeinadvance.asfaras…beconcerted就什么而言Theearlierthebetter,asfarasIamconcerned.Thethe比較級越…越…Asfaraswestudentsareconcerned,thisarrangementisquitesatisfactory. Buthowaboutourteachers?westudents同位語關系ourstudents定語Asfarasthismethoditselfisconcerned,itisworthtrying.Thetroubleiswedon’thaveenoughhands. it=methoditself同位語本身，反身代詞做同位語，加強語氣Theteachersaidso. Theteacherhimselfsaidso.Maryisthetypistwhomourmanagerhimselfbeworthdoing值…Thisnovelisworthreading.Thismoviesisworthwatching.Thetroubleis(that)賓從wedon’thaveenoughhands.Asfarastheabilityisconcerned,Jimistherightpersonforthejob.Themovieisallrightasfarasactingandmusicareconcerned.Butphotographyisnotsogood.Asfarasstructureisconcerned,thehouseisn’tworththepricethey’reasking.1.ScientistsonVenusarediscussingthefeasibility1)oflandingamannedflyingsauceronEarth,basedon2)informationreceivedfromasatellite.Theirconclusions3)arethattheplanetEarthisunfit4)forhabitationbecauseofitshighlypolluted5)condition.Foronething,deadly6)gasesintheatmosphere7)makeitextremely8)dangeroustobreathe.Foranother9)thewater,alsopolluted,hasbecomeundrinkable.Forthesereasons,itwouldbedifficultforanyonetosurvive10)theseconditions,buttheVenusianscientistsaredeterminedtoproceedwiththeirexplorationoftheplanetEarth.2)basedon分詞短語做方式狀語5)polluted過去分詞做定語→condition2.FillinthemissingwordsSomescientistthinkthatmanmaynotfindlifepleasantintheworldofthefuture.Othersthinkthathe1)maynotbeabletoliveinit2)atall.Everyonemustknowthattheworldisindanger3).Hereisoneexampleoftheproblem4).Atonetimetherewere1300different5)plants,trees,andflowersinHolland,but6)nowonly866remain.Theothers7)havebeendestroyedbymodernman.Wearechanging8)theearth,theairandwater,andeverythingthat9)growsandlives.Ifwecontinue10)likethisweshalldestroyourselves11).Whatwillhappeninthefuture12)?Perhapsitismoreimportanttoask13)“Whatshouldwedonow?ple14)whowillbelivingintheworld15)oftomorrowaretheyoungpeopleof today16).Manyofthemknowthatitisnecessary17)totak