上海民辦震旦中學2021年高三英語模擬試題含解析一、選擇題1.----Howmuchbreadisthere?----_______.IwishIcouldofferyousome.A.Nothing

B.All

C.None

D.Any參考答案：C2.Thequestionwillprobably_______atthemeeting.A.raise

B.becomeup

C.comeup

D.comeupwith參考答案：C3.UsingAI,manycompaniesarenowconductingexperimentsthat___possiblejustafewyearsago.A.wouldhavebeen

B.mighthavebeenC.shouldn’thavebeen

D.couldn’thavebeen參考答案：D【詳解】考查情態動詞表推測。句意：很多公司現在使用人工智能進行試驗，這在幾年前是不可能的。根據“afewyearsago”可知，此處表示“過去不可能”，應該用couldn’thavedone，故D項正確。4.

Itwas_____hecamebankfromAfricathatwear_________hemetthegirlhewouldliketomarry.A.when;then

B.not;until

C.notuntil;that

D.only;when參考答案：C

解析：本題考查的是強調句型。根據Itis……that結構可知。5.Theguardneglectedhisduty,thus

himselfthejob.

A.tocost

B.havingcost

C.costing

D.cost參考答案：C略6.--Whoshouldberesponsiblefortheaccident?--Theboss,nottheworkers.Theyjustcarriedouttheorder___________.A.astold

B.asaretold

C.astelling

D.astheytold參考答案：A7.Myunclehasalargegreenhouseinhisgarden______hegrowsvegetablesinwinterA.which B.where C.when D.whose參考答案：B考查引導定語從句的關系代詞的用法。題意為“我叔叔的花園里有個大型的溫室大棚。冬天他在里面種植蔬菜。”A引導的定語從句修飾事、物；B引導的定語從句修飾地點；C引導的定語從句修飾時間；D引導的定語從句表達所屬關系。本題的先行詞“花園”是個地點。故答案為B。8.Theseproblems,

，willseriouslyaffectthegrowthofteenagersandeventhenation’sfuture.A.notifsolvedproperly

B.ifsolvedproperlyC.notifproperlysolved

D.ifnotsolvedproperly參考答案：D【考查方向】考查狀語從句的省略用法。句意：這些問題，如果不妥善處理的話，將嚴重影響青少年的成長，甚至影響國家的未來。句子的主語是solve的動作承受者。從句完整的形式為“iftheyarenotsolvedproperly”，因為主從句主語一致且從句中有be動詞，可以把從句中的主語和be動詞一起省略。故選D。9.Itisadifficultproblemforhighschoolstudents

theycanproperlyusetheInternet． A．what

B．where

C．when

D．whether參考答案：D10.—Doyoumindifwelookinhere?—I’mafraidyoucan’t.It’s______.A.private

B.official

C.formal

D.individual參考答案：A11.____youinterruptnow?Can’tyouseeI’monthephone?

-SorrySir,butit’surgent.

A.Can

B.Should

C.Must

D.Would參考答案：C略12.Attheconference,therewas______agreementamongtheexpertsontheissueofenvironmenteducation.

A.detailed

B.unique

C.universal

D.separate參考答案：C13._____sufficienthistoricalandlegalgrounds,China'spositionontheSouthChinaSeahasbeenconsistentandclear.A.Associatedwith

B.Basedon

C.Centeredaround

D.Assessedby參考答案：B【命題立意】考查形容詞的用法。句意：以充足的歷史和法律為根基，中國在中國南海的位置已經是一貫和明確的。associatedwith和……有聯系；basedon以……為基礎；centeredaround圍繞；assessedby被評估。故判斷選B。14.Mike’scoffeeshoponBakerstreet,_____usedtobepoorlyrun,isnowasuccessfulbusiness.A.that

B.what

C.which

D.who參考答案：C略15.---Doyouknowthegreatchangeshappeninginourvillageatall?---No,it’sthefirsttimeI________here.A.was

B.came

C.havebeen

D.amcoming參考答案：C16.—DoyouthinkGeorgehaspassedthedrivingtest?—No.Ifso,he_____hiscartoourcollegeyesterday.A.woulddrive

B.drove

C.wouldhavedriven D.haddriven參考答案：C17.Toasmallandfarawaytownlikethis,acaraccidentisalwaysconsidered________interest,sopeoplesoongatheredaround.A.as

B.by

C.of

D.in參考答案：C18.Lookingthroughthewindow，shefoundtheboss

inhisroutinework．

A．lose

B．lost

C．tolose

D．havinglost參考答案：B略二、短文改錯19.假如英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。Ithinkuniversitylifeareatimeforlearningandexperiencingnewthings.Icanmeetotheryoungpeoplelikemefrommanydifferentplaceandmakelotsoffriends.Iwillprobablyliveawayhomeduringthistime,andIwillpromoteindependence.Studyingatuniversitywillbequitedifferencefromstudyingathighschool.Imaynothavesomanyhomeworktofinisheveryday,andIwillspendmuchmoretimedowhatIlove.Iknowthatatanyuniversityherearedifferentassociationsorclubsorganizedbystudents.IwanttojoininafilmclubandachessclubbecauseIhaveinterestinthem.Theseclubscanmakeyourlifeinterestingbuthelpmemakefriends.參考答案：Ithinkuniversitylifeareatimeforlearningandexperiencingnewthings.Icanmeetother

isyoungpeoplelikemefrommanydifferentplaceandmakelotsoffriends.Iwillprobablyliveaway

places

∧homeduringthistime,andIwillpromoteindependence.Studyingatuniversitywillbequitefrom

differencefromstudyingathighschool.Imaynothavesomanyhomeworktofinisheveryday,different

much

andIwillspendmuchmoretimedowhatIlove.Iknowthatatanyuniversityherearedifferent

doing

there

associationsorclubsorganizedbystudents.Iwanttojoininafilmclubandachessclubbecause

in

Ihaveinterestinthem.Theseclubscanmakeyourlifeinterestingbuthelpmemakefriends.

my

and三、閱讀理解20.

Conceptsfromscienceandnaturearefilledwithourlanguage’scommonphrases,idiomsandspokenexpressions.Theunbelievingexpression“Well,I’llbeamonkey’suncle”hasitsorigininbitterdisbeliefoverDarwin’swritingsonevolution.Thesecolourfulexpressionsbringspice(趣味)toourlanguage.Yetcertainwell-usedphrasesfromsciencearejustplainwrong!Someareobvious,yetweusethemanyhow.Forexample,apersonwhoacutelyshakesherheadandsays“Awatchedpotneverboils”whileyouarewaitingsecondaftertiringsecondfortestresultstoarriveorjobofferstocomeinknowsthatifshesatdownandwatchedapotcontainingwateronastoveoverhighheatforlongenough,thewaterwilleventuallyboil.However,afewphraseshavelessobviousscientificinaccuracies.Hereareafewforyoutoconsider.Onceinabluemoon:Thispoeticphrasereferstosomethingthatoccursextremelyrarely.Abluemoonisthetermcommonlyusedforasecondfullmoonthatoccasionallyappearsinasinglemonthofoursolar-basedcalendars.Theproblemwiththephrase,however,isthatbluemoonsarenotsorare.Theyhappeneveryfewyearsatleast,andcanevenhappenwithinmonthsofeachotherwhenthe29.5-daylunarcycleputsthefullmoonatthebeginningofanymonthbutFebruary.Theusageof“bluemoon”asthesecondfullmooninamonthdatesbacktoa1937MarineFarmer’sAlmanac.Butbeforethat,bluemoonsmeantsomethingslightlydifferent.Typically,12fullmoonsoccurfromwintersolsticetothenextwintersolstice,butoccasionallyafourthfullmooninaseasoncouldbeobserved.Insuchacase,oneofthefourfullmoonsinthatseasonwasknownas“blue”.Wherethere’ssmoke,there’sfire:Thephrasemeansthatifsomethinglookswrong,itlikelyiswrong.Butlet’sstepback.Doyoualwayshavetohavefireifyouseesmoke?Answeringthatfirstrequiresdefining‘fire”,Merriam—Webster’sfirstdefinitionoffireis“thephenomenonofcombustionmanifestedinlight,flameandheat”.Combustionisthechemicalreactionthatoccurswhenfuelisburnedinthepresenceofoxygen---denyingafireanyofthesethreethingswillstopthefire;attemptingtostartafirewithoutanyoneofthethreethingswillbeimpossible.Incompletecombustion---whatoccurswhenyoulightagasstove---thefireproducesnosmoke.However,whenmostmaterialsareburned,theyhaveincompletecombustion,whichmeansthatthefireisn’tabletocompletelyburnallofthefuel.Smoke,then,canbeconsideredtobeaproductofpyrolysis(高溫分解)ratherthanoffireitself.You’reprobablythinking---sowhat?Togetthesmoke,afireneededtobepresentatsomepoint,right?Notalways.Diamondsareforever:ThankstotheDeBeersslogan,decoratingyourhoney’sneck,wristsandfingerswithdiamondsmeanstrueandtimelesslove.Ofcourse,noobjectthatyoucanholdinyourhandcanlastforever.Butdiamondshaveaspecialreasonforbeingincapableoftimelessness.WithouttheextremepressuresofthedeepEarthwheretheyformed,adiamondwillslowlyturnbackintographite(石墨),whichiswhytheolderadiamondis,themoreinclusionsit’slikelytohave.Whatcommonphrasespushyourbuttonswhenviewedunderthemicroscopeofscience?Areyoucuriousaboutthehiddenknowledgeofsome“big”phrases?Orperhapsyouhavetheabilitytouncoverthesecretofsomeunscientificphrases?Letusknow!59.Accordingtothepassage,thebluemoon_________.A.appearsatthebeginningofamonthB.gainsitsmodernmeaningbefore1937C.presentsitselfquitefrequentlysometimesD.canneverbeseenbypeopleinFebruary60.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?A.theolderadiamondis,themorevaluableit’slikelytobe.B.FireisnotnecessarilycausingsmokeC.SmokeisaproductofcompletecombustionD.thelessobviousscientificinaccuraciesofsomephrasesmakethemmoreuseful61.Theunderlinedphrase“pushyourbuttons”inthelastparagraphmeans“_______”.A.impressyoualot

B.frightenyoumuch.C.surpriseyougreatly

D.makeyouloseyourinterest62.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthescientificinaccuraciesofthephrasesis________.

A.indifferent

B.objective

C.critical

D.favourable參考答案：CBAD本文為說明文，主要講述生活中一些不符合科學原理的句子或短語，同時介紹了這些句子或短語背后的信息。59.C60．B考查細節理解。從倒數第三段最后一句“Smoke,then,canbeconsideredtobeaproductofpyrolysis(高溫分解)ratherthanoffireitself.You’reprobablythinking---sowhat?Togetthesmoke,afireneededtobepresentatsomepoint,right?Notalways.”，可知，有煙不一定會有火。故選B。61．A考查詞義猜測。從最后一段第二句“Areyoucuriousaboutthehiddenknowledgeofsome“big”phrases?”可知，往往印象深刻的事情會引起好奇。故選A。21.Imagineyouareopeningyourowncompanyandwanttohireamanager.Youhavetwocandidatesandtheyarebothcapableandexperienced,sowhowouldyouratherhire:Julia

WatsonorShobhaBhattacharva?ChancesarethatyouwouldpreferWatson,right?Butwhy?“Easynamesareevaluatedasmorefamiliar,lessriskyandlessdangerous,”ErynNewman,ascientistatVictoriaUniversityofWellington,NewZealand,toldScientificAmerican.Asaresult,peoplewitheasiernamesareoftenassumedtobemoretrustworthy.ThisiswhatNewmanandherteammateshavefoundintheirrecentstudy.Intheexperiment,theypicked18differentforeignnames,includingdifficult-to-pronounceoneslikeYevgeniDherzhinskyandeasynameslikeBodoWallmeyer.Theythenattachedeachnamewithastatementsuchas“turtlesaredeaf”and“giraffesaretheonlymammalsthatcannotjump”andaskedvolunteerswhethertheythoughttheclaimsweretrue.Theresultsshowedthatclaimsconnectedtoeasiernamesweremoreoftenrankedasbelievablethanthoseattributedtodifficultnames,regardlessofwhatthetruthreallywas.Infact,previousstudieshavealreadyfoundthatourjudgmentsaboutproductscanbeaffectedbytheirnames.Forexample,wetendtothinkofafoodadditive(添加劑)withaneasiernameassaferandastockwithaneasiernameasmorelucrative(利潤豐厚的)，accordingtoMedicalDaily.Butresearcherspointedoutthatthiseffectcanchangedependingonwheresomeonecomesfrom.Forexample,anativeBritishmanmayfind“YevgeniDherzhinsky”hardtopronouncewhileRussianpeoplecouldsayitwithouteffort.Newmanhopesthatthisfindingcanmakeusbetterseeourbiases(偏見).It’snotjustunfairtopeoplethatwemakejudgmentsbasedongutfeelings(直覺)ratherthanfacts,anditcansometimeshaveseriousconsequences.Forexample,wemaychoosetobelievecertaineyewitnessesincourtsimplybecausetheirnamessoundmoretrustworthyeveniftheyareactuallylying.Or,wemayletgoofqualifiedjobcandidatesduetotheir“difficult”names.Now,ifyoucouldmakethatdecisionagain,wouldyoustillpreferJuliaWatsontoShobhaBhattacharva?8.WhatdidNewmanandherteammatesdiscoverintheirexperiment?A.Volunteerswitheasiernamesweremorelikelytochoosetrueclaims.B.Adifficultnamedoesn’tinfluencethewaythevolunteersviewedtheclaims.C.Volunteerstrustedclaimspairedwitheasynamesmoreoften.D.Volunteerstrustedclaimsconnectedwithdifficultnames.9.Theunderlinedwords“thiseffect”inParagraph5refertotheeffect______.A.nameshaveonpeoplesjudgmentsB.gutfeelingshaveonpeoplefromdifferentplacesC.ofdecisionsmadebasedonfactsD.ofpeople’sbiasesagainstcertaintypesofpeople10.Whatcanweconcludefromthelastparagraph?A.Weshouldthinktwicebeforewemakeadecision.B.Theharderyournameistopronounce,themorelikelyitisyouwillgetajob.C.Judgingpeoplebasedontheirnamesmaycauseseriousproblems.D.Russianshavelessbiasagainstpeople’snamesthantheBritish.11.Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthetext?A.NamesAffectProductsB.EmployersPreferShobhaBhattacharvaC.DifficultNamesareTrustworthyDEasyNamesWinOut參考答案：8.C

9.A

10.C

11.D【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要說明了最近研究發現名字簡單的人通常被認為更值得信任。文章同時說明了實驗過程以及研究人員指出這種影響可能會隨著一個人來自哪里而改變，和這種影響可能會導致的問題。【8題詳解】細節理解題。根據第四段中Theresultsshowedthatclaimsconnectedtoeasiernamesweremoreoftenrankedasbelievablethanthoseattributedtodifficultnames,regardlessofwhatthetruthreallywas.（結果表明，與難記的名字相比，與容易記的名字相關的說法更容易被認為是可信的，不管事實真相是什么。）可知紐曼和她的隊友發現，在實驗中志愿者更相信與簡單名字配對的說法。故選C。【9題詳解】詞義猜測題。結合第四段中Theresultsshowedthatclaimsconnectedtoeasiernamesweremoreoftenrankedasbelievablethanthoseattributedtodifficultnames,regardlessofwhatthetruthreallywas.Infact,previousstudieshavealreadyfoundthatourjudgmentsaboutproductscanbeaffectedbytheirnames.（結果表明，與難記的名字相比，與容易記的名字相關的說法更容易被認為是可信的，不管事實真相是什么。事實上，之前的研究已經發現，我們對產品的評價會受到產品名稱的影響。）以及劃線單詞下文canchangedependingonwheresomeonecomesfrom.可知第5段下劃線的“這種影響”是指人名對人們的判斷所產生的影響。故選A。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段內容Now,ifyoucouldmakethatdecisionagain,wouldyoustillpreferJuliaWatsontoShobha