物理沈陽城市學(xué)院物理沈陽城市學(xué)院實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告實(shí)驗(yàn)題目磁場分布測量姓名學(xué)號專業(yè)班級實(shí)驗(yàn)室號實(shí)驗(yàn)成績指導(dǎo)教師實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)間年 月 日物理實(shí)驗(yàn)室制

藏實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?學(xué)習(xí)測量載流圓線圈的磁場分布。.了解亥姆霍茲線圈磁場分布的特點(diǎn)。.驗(yàn)證矢量迭加原理。中實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器名稱型號三維亥姆霍茲線圈磁場實(shí)驗(yàn)儀FB520型請認(rèn)真填寫實(shí)驗(yàn)原理（注意：原理圖、測試公式）實(shí)驗(yàn)原理（注意：原理圖、測試公式）1.載流圓線圈與亥姆霍茲線圈的磁場（1）載流圓線圈磁場根據(jù)畢奧-薩伐爾定律一半徑為R,通以直流電流I的圓線圈，其軸線上離圓線圈中心距離為x米處的磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度的表達(dá)式為：c口?N?I?R2（1）B=0（1）2(R2+X2)3/2式中N0為圓線圈的匝數(shù)，X為軸上某一點(diǎn)到圓心O'的距離，N0=4兀X10-7H/m,磁場的分布圖如圖1所示，是一條單峰的關(guān)于Y軸對稱的曲線。 °（2）亥姆霍茲線圈兩個(gè)完全相同的圓線圈彼此平行且共軸，通以同方向電流I，線圈間距等于線圈半徑（即d=R）時(shí)，從磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度分布曲線可以看出，（理論計(jì)算也可以證明）：兩線圈合磁場在中心軸線上（兩線圈圓心連線）附近較大范圍內(nèi)是均勻的，這樣的一對線圈稱為亥姆霍茲線圈，如圖2所示。從分布曲線可以看出，在兩線圈中心連線一段，出現(xiàn)一個(gè)平臺(tái)，這說明該處是勻強(qiáng)磁場。根據(jù)霍爾效應(yīng)可以知道，當(dāng)霍爾探頭放入磁場中時(shí)，由于運(yùn)動(dòng)電荷受到洛倫茲力作用，電流方向會(huì)發(fā)生偏離，在某兩個(gè)端面之間產(chǎn)生的電勢差，通過電勢差的大小就可以測量磁場的大小。當(dāng)亥姆霍茲線圈兩線圈通有方向一致的電流時(shí)，兩線圈形成的磁場方向也一致，兩線圈之間就形成均勻磁場，霍爾探頭在該區(qū)域運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)其測量的數(shù)值幾乎不變。當(dāng)然兩線圈通上相反方向電流，則其間的磁場可以互相抵消為零。?三實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容及步驟.用連接線將勵(lì)磁電流輸出端連接到圓線圈1,霍爾傳感器探頭的信號線連接到測試架后面板的專用四芯插座。.開機(jī)，在線圈磁場強(qiáng)度等于零的條件下，把特斯拉計(jì)調(diào)零，這樣特斯拉計(jì)就校準(zhǔn)好了.調(diào)節(jié)勵(lì)磁電流I=500mA，把開光調(diào)到0極，調(diào)節(jié)電壓為零，把開關(guān)調(diào)到+極，移動(dòng)X方向?qū)к壔瑝K,以10mm為間隔距離測量單個(gè)線圈通電時(shí)軸線上從15至卜15各點(diǎn)的磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度，將數(shù)據(jù)記下.把開關(guān)調(diào)到0，調(diào)節(jié)電壓為零，再把開關(guān)開到負(fù)極，測量單個(gè)線圈通電時(shí)軸線上從15至卜15各點(diǎn)的磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度，將數(shù)據(jù)記下.同理測量線圈2和線圈1加線圈2

◎?qū)嶒?yàn)數(shù)據(jù)記錄（注意：單位、有效數(shù)字、列表）表一載流圓線圈⑴軸線上磁場分布的數(shù)據(jù)記錄（設(shè)亥姆霍茲線圈中間為坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)）軸向坐標(biāo)X（m）磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度B實(shí)（uT）平均值B1距圓線（1）中心距離（m）理論值百分誤差+Im-Im0.154A6-4264360.1444.06-1.82%0.14518-497507.50.09515.79-1.61%0.13603-5815920.08598.03-1.01%0.12693-676684.50.07690.57-0.88%0.11795-772783.50.06791.92-1.06%0.1904-8868950.05898.72-0.41%0.091014-99410040.041005.32-0.13%0.081115-109711060.031103.700.21%0.071197-117511860.021184.240.15%0.061255-12381246.50.011237.390.74%0.051277-1259126801256.000.96%0.041258-12411249.5-0.011237.390.98%0.031205-11871196-0.021184.240.99%0.021120-11001110-0.031103.700.57%0.011025-9991012-0.041005.320.66%0912-889900.5-0.05898.720.20%-0.01810-782796-0.06791.920.52%-0.02708-680694-0.07690.570.50%-0.03611-588599.5-0.08598.030.25%-0.04530-509519.5-0.09515.790.72%-0.05457-438447.5-0.1444.060.77%-0.06397-376386.5-0.11382.301.10%-0.07342-323332.5-0.12329.540.90%-0.08299-279289-0.13284.681.52%-0.09261-240250.5-0.14246.631.57%-0.1228-209218.5-0.15214.371.93%-0.11200-182191-0.16186.992.15%-0.12174-158166-0.17163.711.40%-0.13154-137145.5-0.18143.861.14%-0.14138-122130-0.19126.892.45%-0.15122-110116-0.2112.343.26%

表二載流圓線圈⑵軸線上磁場分布的數(shù)據(jù)記錄（設(shè)亥姆霍茲線圈中間為坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)）軸向坐標(biāo)X（m）磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度B（uT）平均值B2距圓線（2）中心距離（m）理論值百分誤差+Im-Im0.15113-991060.2112.34-5.64%0.14126-1161210.19126.89-4.64%0.13144-133138.50.18143.86-3.73%0.12163-1531580.17163.71-3.49%0.111A5-174179.50.16186.99-4.00%0.1213-200206.50.15214.37-3.67%0.09244-2262350.14246.63-4.72%0.08275-268271.50.13284.68-4.63%0.07320-3143170.12329.54-3.80%0.06375-364369.50.11382.30-3.35%0.05436-427431.50.1444.06-2.83%0.04508-4965020.09515.79-2.67%0.03585-578581.50.08598.03-2.76%0.02678-6766770.07690.57-1.97%0.01780-777778.50.06791.92-1.6905898.72-0.97%-0.011007-9961001.50.041005.32-0.38%-0.021114-110611100.031103.700.57%-0.031201-119111960.021184.240.99%-0.041270-12511260.50.011237.391.87%-0.051298-1284129101256.002.79%-0.061280-12721276-0.011237.393.12%-0.071227-12171222-0.021184.243.19%-0.081147-11361141.5-0.031103.703.43%-0.091048-10301039-0.041005.323.35%-0.1932-918925-0.05898.722.92%-0.11822-803812.5-0.06791.922.60%-0.12715-705710-0.07690.572.81%-0.13624-606615-0.08598.032.84%-0.14538-524531-0.09515.792.95%-0.15462-452457-0.1444.062.91%

表三亥姆霍茲線圈軸線上磁場分布的數(shù)據(jù)記錄（設(shè)亥姆霍茲線圈中間為坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)）軸向坐標(biāo)X（m）磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度B（uT）平均值距亥姆霍茲線圈中心距離（m）B1+B2百分誤差+Im-Im0.15559-548553.50.155422.12%0.14648-633640.50.14628.5A.91%0.13747-7377420.13730.51.57%0.12855-850852.50.12842.51.19%0.11980-973976.50.119631.40%0.11112-11131112.50.11101.51.00%0.091254-125612550.0912391.29%0.081386-138813870.081377.50.69%0.071516-152015180.0715031.00%0.061624-162416240.0616160.50%0.051706-170617060.051699.50.38%0.041758-17551756.50.041751.50.29%0.031783-17801781.50.031777.50.23%0.021793-17881790.50.0217870.20%0.011796-179017930.011790.50.14%01799-17921795.501790.50.28%-0.011802-17981800-0.011797.50.14%-0.021808-18031805.5-0.0218040.08%-0.031805-18011803-0.031795.50.42%-0.041787-17801783.5-0.0417800.20%-0.051743-17361739.5-0.051738.50.06%-0.061664-16591661.5-0.061662.5-0.06%-0.071556-15551555.5-0.071554.50.06%-0.081427-14271427-0.081430.5-0.24%-0.091291-12831287-0.091289.5-0.19%-0.11144-11401142-0.11143.5-0.13%-0.111005-9991002-0.111003.5-0.15%-0.12875-872873.5-0.12876-0.29%-0.13762-760