11/1111/1111/11第二章動(dòng)詞七十二變一．實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練語法填空：Iadvisedyou(stop)(thinkof)(go)abroadrecently.改錯(cuò)：Manyfailtorecognizingthatallthesethingsaregood.Thenumberofstudentsinmyschoolhaverisenfrom200to600.判斷對(duì)錯(cuò)

：史密斯先生來這兒五天了。

Mr.Smithhascomehereforfivedays.Mr.Smithhasbeenhereforfivedays.Mr.Smithcameherefivedaysago.ItisfivedayssinceMr.Smithcamehere.FivedayshaspassedsinceMr.Smithcamehere.判斷對(duì)錯(cuò)：Howlonghaveyoucomehere?Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?Whendidyoucomehere?二．動(dòng)詞之及物不及物〔動(dòng)作完整〕簡(jiǎn)單句-五大句型主謂Icome主謂賓Imissyou主謂賓賓Yougivemeyourheart主謂賓賓補(bǔ)Youmakemehappy主系表youaremylittleapple不及物動(dòng)詞誤用作及物動(dòng)詞誤:dealaproblem正：dealwithaproblem處理問題誤:dependsb.正：dependonsb.依靠(依賴〕某人誤:relysb./sth.正：relyonsb./sth.依靠〔依賴〕某人〔某物〕誤:insistdoingsth.正：insistondoingsth.堅(jiān)持要做某事誤:knockthedoor正：knockat/onthedoor敲門誤:operatesb.正：operateonsb.為某人做手術(shù)誤:participatesth.正：participateinsth.參加某事誤:refersth.正：refertosth.查閱〔參考〕某物誤:replyaletter正：replytoaletter回信注意：在某些其他用法中,以上有的動(dòng)詞也可能及物,如insist,reply等動(dòng)詞后可接賓語從句,operate表示“操作〞、“管理〞等時(shí)那么及物及物動(dòng)詞誤用作不及物動(dòng)詞三．有兩個(gè)以上動(dòng)詞〔動(dòng)作〕的簡(jiǎn)單句我愛籃球Ilovebasketball.第1變：變非動(dòng)詞我愛打籃球簡(jiǎn)單句中的動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞Iloveplayingbasketball.我想去打籃球Iwanttogotoplaybasketball.四．動(dòng)詞〔動(dòng)作〕之延續(xù)不延續(xù)4.1非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(只限肯定式)表示的動(dòng)作短暫,不能持續(xù)；不可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。4.2非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可用來表示某一動(dòng)作完成,因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：Thetrainhasarrived.Haveyoujoinedthecomputergroup?非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞〔動(dòng)作〕的用法4.3非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞一般不可與howlong連用。4.4非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用于when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中,但不可以用于while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中。如：WhenwereachedLondon,itwastwelveo'clock.Pleaselookaftermydaughterwhile/whenweareaway.4.5非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),假設(shè)是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)形式那么表示將來時(shí)態(tài)的含義。如：I’mleavingforLanzhou.4.6非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否認(rèn)式與until/till連用,構(gòu)成“not+非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞+until/till...〞的句型,意為“直到……才……〞。如：Youcan’tleavehereuntilIarrive.IwillnotgotobeduntilIfinishdrawingthepicturetonight.4.7非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)否認(rèn)式中,成為可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài),因而可與表示“段時(shí)間〞的狀語連用。如：Hehasn’tleftheresince1986.Ihaven’theardfrommyfatherfortwoweeks.附表轉(zhuǎn)換：非延續(xù)性延續(xù)性非延續(xù)性延續(xù)性延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法4.

1延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),可與表示“段時(shí)間〞的狀語連用。如：Hehaslivedherefor6years.IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIcamehere.4.2延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與“點(diǎn)時(shí)間〞狀語連用。比擬：Itrainedateightyesterdaymorning.Itbegantorainateightyesterdaymorning.又如：

--WhendidyougettoknowJack?

--Twoyearsago.

--Thenyou’veknowneachotherformorethantwoyears.--That’sright.九．謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法【概念】表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。【用法】1.表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。句中常用always,often,usually,seldom,everyday等時(shí)間狀語。特別注意動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式,也就是主謂一致原那么。另everyday也可用于過去,將來時(shí)+inthepast/future.【例句】Theboyoftentakesataxitoschool.這個(gè)男孩經(jīng)常乘坐出租車去學(xué)校?！究碱}鏈接】Walmart,oneofthelargestAmericansupermarketchains,someofitsstoreopen24hoursonMondaysthroughSaturdays.AkeepBkeptChavekeptDkeeps2.表示客觀真理或客觀事實(shí)。【例句】Lighttravelsinastraightline.光沿直線傳播?！究碱}鏈接】“Lifeislikewalkinginthesnow〞,Grannyusedtosay,“becauseeverystep〞A.hasshown B.isshowing C.shows D.showed3.表示按方案、規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,句中都帶有時(shí)間狀語。常常表示火車、汽車、輪船、飛機(jī)、學(xué)校上課等時(shí)間安排?！纠洹縏hetrainstartsatnineinthemorning.火車早上九點(diǎn)鐘開?！究碱}鏈接】—Haveyoureadthetimetable?—Yes.Thetrain________at10:12p.m..A.willstart B.isgoingtostartC.shouldstart D.starts4.在時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來?！纠洹縄fyoucomethisafternoon,wewillhaveameeting.如果今天下午你來,我們就開會(huì)?！究碱}鏈接】—Whenwillyoucometoseeme,Dad?—Iwillgotoseeyouwhenyou____________thetrainingcourse.A.willhavefinished B.willfinishC.arefinishing D.finish【即學(xué)即練】1.—WhoseEnglishisbetter,JohnorTom?—Theyhaveadvantagesindifferentaspects.TomspendsasmuchtimereadingasJohn_________.A.writes B.doeswriting C.iswriting D.doeswrite2.Comeandseemewhenever_______________.A.youareconvenient B.youwillbeconvenientC.itisconvenientforyou D.itwillbeconvenienttoyou二、一般過去時(shí)的用法【概念】在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday前幾天,in1982等。動(dòng)詞過去式的變化規(guī)那么?！居梅ā勘硎驹谶^去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作?！纠洹緿uringthevacationIoftenswaminthesea.假期期間我常在海中游泳。Isawthisfilmyesterday.【考題鏈接】—Thisisawonderfulbook.—Who___________it?A.writes B.haswritten C.wrote D.hadwritten【即學(xué)即練】1.Judyisgoingtomarrythesailorshe____inRomelastyear.A.meets B.met C.hasmet D.wouldmeet2.Idon’tbelieveyou’vealreadyfinishedreadingthebook—I__________ittoyouthismorning!A.wouldlend B.waslending C.hadlent D.lent三、一般將來時(shí)的用法【概念】一般將來時(shí)表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),也表示將來經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常見形式為：will/shall＋動(dòng)詞原形；begoingto＋動(dòng)詞原形；be＋v.ing；beto(beaboutto)＋動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)構(gòu)等?！居梅ā?.這種結(jié)構(gòu)是表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常伴有表示將來的時(shí)間狀語。shall用于第一人稱,will常用于第二、三人稱,但在現(xiàn)代英語中will可以通用于各種人稱。在問句中shall常用于第一人稱表示建議或征求對(duì)方意見。常用的時(shí)間狀語有：tomorrow,tomorrowmorning/afternoon…,thedayaftertomorrow,nextyear,nextmonth…,fromnowon(從現(xiàn)在開始),inanhour(一小時(shí)后),intwodays/weeks等?！纠洹俊狿leasebringmeacupoftea.請(qǐng)給我端杯茶來?！狪’lldoitinaminute.我馬上就去〔端〕。——當(dāng)事人〔臨時(shí)〕當(dāng)下做出的決定【考題鏈接】—Annisinhospital.—Oh,really?I______know.I________goandvisither.A.didn’t;amgoingto B.don’t;wouldC.don’t;will D.didn’t;will2.“begoingto＋動(dòng)詞原形〞表示說話人的主觀意圖/推測(cè),即打算在最近或?qū)硪瞿呈隆amgoingtohaveaninterviewtomorrow/tobelate.3.“beto+動(dòng)詞原形〞表示按方案或安排將要發(fā)生某事。常表示“職責(zé)、意圖、約定、可能性〞等。Thepresidentistoholdanewsconference.4.“beabout＋動(dòng)詞不定式〞表示最近或馬上要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,其后不接時(shí)間狀語結(jié)構(gòu)。Theplaneisabouttotakeoff起飛/landon降落/taxi滑行.【考題鏈接】—_________leaveattheendofthismonth.—Idon’tthinkyoushoulddothatuntil___________anotherjob.A.I’mgoingto;you’dfoundB.I’mgoingto;you’vefoundC.I’ll;you’llfindD.I’ll;you’dfind【即學(xué)即練】1.—When___________again?—Whenhe___________,I’llletyouknow.A.willhecome;willcome B.willhecome;comeC.hecomes;comes D.willhecome;comes2.Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,__________visitBeijingthissummer.A.isgoingto B.aregoingto C.wasgoingto D.weregoingto四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法【用法】1.表示說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,謂語：be+doing。2.說話時(shí)不一定在進(jìn)行,但那個(gè)時(shí)間背景下正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。3.某些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常見的動(dòng)詞有：go,come,leave,arrive,start,stay,return,takeoff等。4.always,often,constantly始終如一地,frequently,forever等副詞和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)連用,表達(dá)說話人的某種情感,即“贊揚(yáng)〞或“厭惡〞等,可譯為“老是、總是〞?！纠洹縃eisalwayshelpingothers.他總是幫助別人。【考題鏈接】—I’mnotfinishedwithmydinneryet.—Butourfriends___________forus.A.willwait B.wait C.havewaited D.arewaiting【即學(xué)即練】1.Teenagerstheirhealthbecausetheyplaycomputergamestoomuch.A.havedamaged B.aredamaging C.damaged D.will2.—Haveyougotanyjoboffers?—No.I__________.A.waited B.hadbeenwaitingC.havewaited D.amwaiting注意：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別IliveinthecountryIamlivinginthecountry長期短暫Ireadnewspapersinthemorning.Iamreadingnewspapersinthemorning.習(xí)慣臨時(shí)五、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法【概念】表示過去某一時(shí)刻,某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,由“was(were)+現(xiàn)在分詞〞構(gòu)成。【用法】1.表示過去某一時(shí)刻,某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2.與always,forever,constantly連用,表示贊成或厭惡的感情色彩?！究碱}鏈接】—IthoughtGaoHuiandherfriendwereinthecinemaseeingthefilm“LetTheBulletsFly〞yesterdayevening.—Impossible.She__________TVwithmeinmyhomethen.A.watched B.hadwatchedC.wouldwatch D.waswatching【即學(xué)即練】Thetelephone___________,butbythetimeIgotindoors,itstopped.A.hadrung B.wasringing C.rings D.hasrung注意：一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別Maryreadabookyesterday.Marywasreadingabookyesterday.過去動(dòng)作過去結(jié)束了過去的畫面——正在進(jìn)行六、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法形式：。。。Willbedoing。。。一般將來時(shí)VS將來進(jìn)行時(shí)七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法【概念】表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,謂語結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞?！居梅ā楷F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作開始于過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去。常與sofar,recently,lately近來,already,just,yet,never,uptonow,eversince,sincethen,foralongtime,inthelastthreeyears等時(shí)間狀語連用。2.否認(rèn)句的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞have/hasnot+過去分詞。3.一般疑問句：助動(dòng)詞have/has+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞?？隙ù饛?fù)：Yes,主語+have/has.否認(rèn)答復(fù)：No,主語+have/hasnot.4.一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)辨析我錢包不見了。翻譯：我娶了她/我娶她了。翻譯：我在這工作。翻譯：【考題鏈接】—Irememberyouwereatalentedpianistatcollege.Canyouplaythepianoforme?—Sorry,I____________thepianoforyears.A.don’tplay B.wasn’tplayingC.haven’tplayed D.hadn’tplayedMygoodfriend__________hishometownsince10yearsago.A.hasleft B.leftC.hasbeenawayfrom D.wasawayfrom2.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,如come,go,die,marry,buy,leave,begin,start,puton,borrow等的完成時(shí)不能與for,since等表示一段時(shí)間的短語連用。如果這類動(dòng)詞要和段時(shí)間連用,就必須轉(zhuǎn)變成相應(yīng)的表示延續(xù)性動(dòng)作的詞/短語。如：leave die buy puton borrow comebegin/startbeawaybedead have wearkeepbein beon【例句辨析】Ihaveboughtthecalculatorforaweek.〔〕Ihavewokenupfor30minutes.〔〕Ihavemarriedherfor7years.〔〕Ihavehadthecalculatorforaweek.Wegotmarried7yearsago.Wehavebeenmarriedfor7years.Ithasbeen30minutessinceIwakeup.【考題鏈接】1.Formanyyears,people____________electriccars.However,makingthemhasbeenmoredifficultthanpredicted.A.haddreamedof B.havedreamedofC.dreamedof D.dreamof2.Sofarthisyearwe__________afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.A.saw B.see C.hadseen D.haveseen3.她去上海了。區(qū)別：過去時(shí)不能告訴你現(xiàn)在,現(xiàn)完時(shí)可以告訴你現(xiàn)在的情況。ShewenttoShanghai.ShehasgonetoShanghai.今天早上我沒看到那兩只臭熊。Ididn’tseethetwinsthismorning.不知道說話人現(xiàn)在是在上午還是。。。Ihaven’tseethetwinsthismorning.說話人現(xiàn)在是在上午影響時(shí)間八、過去完成時(shí)態(tài)的用法【概念】表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),即過去的過去。句中常用by,before,until,when等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語。謂語結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞had+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。【用法】1.表示過去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。2.表示意向的動(dòng)詞,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用過去完成時(shí)表示“原本……,未能……〞。3.否認(rèn)句的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞hadnot+過去分詞。4.一般疑問句：助動(dòng)詞had+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞?？隙ù饛?fù)：Yes,主語+had.否認(rèn)答復(fù)：No,主語+hadnot.【例句】Beforeheslept,hehadworkedfor12hours.睡覺之前,他工作了12小時(shí)。Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn’t.我原本希望你能來,但是你卻沒來?！究碱}鏈接】Iwasjustgoingtocutmyrosebushesbutsomeone___________it.Wasityou?A.hasdone B.haddone C.woulddo D.willdo【即學(xué)即練】ThemanagerissaidtohavearrivedbackfromPariswherehe_________someEuropeanbusinesspartners.A.wouldmeet B.ismeeting C.meets D.hadmet翻譯：我住的那個(gè)賓館不是特別好,但是我之前還住過更差的呢。ThehotelinwhichIstayedwasn’tverygoodbutIhadstayedinmanyworsehotels.將來完成時(shí)：形式：。。。willhave/hasdone。。。九大時(shí)態(tài)表十．系動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞()1.DoyouoftenhearJohn____inhisroom?-yes.Listen!Nowwecanhearhim____inhisroom.Asing;tosingBsinging;singingCsing;singingDtosing;singing()2.Ioftenseeher____inthepark.ArunningBtorunCrunsDrun()3.HaveyoueverheardthesongWelcometoBeijing?Yes,it_______nice.A.hearsB.soundsC.looksD.Listens()4.Thegirl'svoicesounds_____.Maybeshecanbecomeagoodsingerwhenshegrowsup.A.sweetB.sweetlyC.BeautifullyD.beautiful()5.WhatisMumcookinginthekitchen?Fish,Iguess.Howniceit_________!A.looksB.soundsC.tastesD.smells()6.Thetable______verysmooth.〔光滑的〕AlooksBturnsCfeelsDsmells()7.Doyouliketheshirt?Yes,it____verysoft.AfeltBisfeelingCisfeltDfeels()8.You____verypale.〔蒼白的〕AaresoundingBarelookingCarefeelingDareseeing()9.Theseapplestaste_____.AtobegoodBtobewellCwellDgood()10.Whichofthoseradiossounds________?

Thesmallestone.(09無錫)

A.goodB.wellC.betterD.best

()11.Grandma,youmustfeel________aftercleaningthehouse.Let’stakearest.(09淮安)

A.tiredB.wellC.goodD.angry

()12.Themusicinthesupermarketsoundedso_____thatIwantedtoleaveatonce.(09常州)

A.softB.wonderfulC.friendlyD.noisy

()13.IntheScienceMuseum,thechildrenfelt_____toseesomany______things.(08鎮(zhèn)江)

A.surprised;amazedB.surprising;amazingC.surprising;amazedD.surprised;amazing

詞匯：

1.Don'tget_________(patient)aboutyourpersonaltrouble.(08無錫)

2.Heseemed__________(friend)atfirst,butnowI'vegottoknowhimandIrealizehe'swarm

andkind.(08徐州)

3.Theweathertodaybecomeseven________(bad).Whynottakearaincoatwithyou?(08宿遷)

4.Ifsomeonedoesn'tshowgoodmannerstoothers,heorsheis__________(polite).(08宿遷)

5.Ifyoudon'tseethedoctoratonce,you'llgeteven__________(ill)lateron.(08泰州)

6.Ilikelisteningtolightmusic.Itcanmakemefeel_______(relax)(09鎮(zhèn)江)

7.Thisquestionisvery________(容易的).Everyoneofuscananswerit.(09宿遷)

8.Theillnesscanmakeyoufeeltiredand_________(notstrong)(09宿遷)

9.Themotherlooked_______(angry)athernaughtydaughter.(09宿遷)

非謂語動(dòng)詞測(cè)試Theisland,tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.AjoiningBtojoinCjoinedDhavingjoined2.Sarahpretendedtobecheerful,nothingabouttheargument.AsaysBsaidCtosayDsaying3.While〔walk〕hisdogintheparkyesterdayafternoon,Bobheardsomeoneshoutingforhelpinthedistance.4.Iamnotinterestedinpopmusic,becauseIoftenhavedifficulty〔understand〕thewords.todo的意義語態(tài)：主動(dòng)todo狀態(tài)：未發(fā)生Iwanttogotovisitmyfriend.Sheinvitedmetocome.Tocatchthebus,heranasfastashecan.目的狀語doing的意義語態(tài)：主動(dòng)doing狀態(tài)：進(jìn)行HefinishedreadingthebookyesterdayThewomangivingusorallessonsisfromAmerica.=ThewomanwhogivesusorallessonsisfromAmerica.Walkingalongthestreet,wefoundapurselyingontheground.=Whenwewalkedalongthestreet,wefoundapurselyingontheground.小測(cè)：TodoPKdoingHeisadvised〔stop〕〔thinkof〕〔go〕abroadinthesetwoyears.done的意義語態(tài)：被動(dòng)done狀態(tài)：已發(fā)生,完成Aretiredteacheriscleaningthefallenleavesatschool.完成一位退休教師在清理學(xué)校的落葉。Theterrifiedboydoesn’tlikefriedchips.被動(dòng)這個(gè)被嚇壞了的男孩不喜歡炸薯?xiàng)l。TodoPKdoingPKDonehave〔make/let使役動(dòng)詞〕sb.dosth.——Thesoldiershadtheboystandwithhisbacktohisfather.havesb./sth,doingsth.——Thetwomenhadtheirlightsburningallnightlong.havesth.Done——Thedriverhadhiscarwashedonceaweek.這個(gè)司機(jī)讓他的車一周被洗一次狀語從句的簡(jiǎn)化例一：Tofinishmyhomework,Ididn'tsleepuntil12o'clock=Iworkuntil12o'clockforIwastofinishmyhomework.例二：Knowingtheanswers,Ifeltveryhappy=WhenIknewtheanswers,Ifeltveryhappy.Whilestandinginfrontoftheteacher,Marywasnervous.=WhileMarywasstandinginfrontoftheteacher,shewasnervous.例三：Seenfromthehill,myhomeissmallerthanacar=Whenitisseenfromthehill,myhomeissmallerthanacar.Givenmoretime,wecandotheworkpleasantly=Ifwearegivenmoretime,wecandotheworkpleasantly.定語從句的簡(jiǎn)化Ihavealargefamilytosupport.=IhavealargefamilythatIneedtosupport.Heisapleasantpersontoworkwith.=Heisapleasantpersonwhowecanworkwith.2.Thisisthefactorymakingcars=Thisisthefactorywhich/thatmadecars.3.WelikethemoviedirectedbyFengXiaogang=WelikethemoviewhichisdirectedbyFengXiaogang.tobedonetobedoneTobedonePKDoneThemeetingyesterdaywasveryimportant.(hold)PKThemeetingtomorrowisveryimportant.todo動(dòng)詞不定式doing1.動(dòng)名詞;2現(xiàn)在分詞done過去分詞主語Toseeistobelieve/ToplaywithfireisdangerousSeeingisbelieving/Playingwithfireisdangerous〔1〕無賓語IwanttoeatapplesIlikeeatingapples〔1〕Ihavemyhaircut〔賓補(bǔ)〕助謂Iamtoplaybasketball〔時(shí)態(tài)需要〕Iamplayingbasketball〔時(shí)態(tài)需要〕I