HydropowerDevelopmentinEastAsia&PacificRegion

Current&PlannedFutureWorldBankActivities

JunhuiWuEnergySectorManagerEastAsiaandPacificRegionTheWorldBank世行東亞太平洋地區現有及將來擬進行的水電業務吳君輝世行東亞太平洋地區能源部主任Outlines提綱RegionalContext地區背景OverviewofWorldBank’scontributiontohydropowerdevelopmentanditsinstitutional/social/environmentalimpacts世行開展的水電業務及其對機構、社會和環境的影響WorldBank’sEnergyAssistanceStrategyinEAP世行在東亞太平洋地區的能源援助戰略–Howandwhatwecandotohelpsustainabledevelopmentofhydropower世行在水電可持續發展領域如何提供幫助？提供什么幫助？Themountainisstillyoung群山尚年輕Theregionisvibrantinbotheconomicgrowthandurbanization亞洲地區經濟增長勢頭強勁，城市化發展速度迅猛RegionalContext地區背景RegionalContext地區背景The1997crisisdidnotdullpowerdemand1997年金融危機沒有影響電力需求05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0001990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002EAPElectricityConsumption.TWh東亞太平洋地區電力消費TW/H

...oilimportshavegrownat6%ayearsince199005101520251990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002MillionsofbarrelsadayEAPOilConsumptionEAPOilProductionIMPORTS...oilimportshavegrownat6%ayearsince1990自90年以來，石油進口年增長6％05101520251990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002Millionsofbarrelsaday百萬桶/天EAPOilConsumption東亞太平洋地區石油消耗EAPOilProduction石油生產IMPORTS進口EnergydemandisexpectedtogrowfastestinEastAsia(IEA2002)東亞能源需求將增長最快02,0004,0006,0008,00010,000200020102020MtoeUS&Canada美加EU15歐盟15國DevelopingEastAsia東亞發展中國家LatinAmerica拉美SouthAsia南亞RegionalContext地區背景CoaluseishighinEastAsia東亞用煤量大05001000NorthAmerica北美LatinAmerica&Caribbean拉美和加勒逼Europe&CentralAsia歐洲和中亞Africa非洲EastAsia東亞Aus-NZ新、澳SouthAsia南亞Mtoe,2002RegionalContext地區背景HighfossilfuelconsumptionisleadingtoincreasingGreenhouseGasemissions化石燃料高消耗導致溫室氣體排放增加012345671990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002BillionsoftonsofCO2fromfossilfuelconsumption化石燃料消耗產生數十億的二氧化碳China中國Indonesia,Vietnam&Philippines印尼、越南和菲律賓S.Korea,Thailand南韓、泰國,Malaysia馬來西亞USA美國Multilateralre-engaginginviablewaterresourceinfrastructuredevelopmentincludinghydropower,buttakingintoaccountsocial&environmentalconsiderations.多邊機構重新進行可行的水資源基礎設施項目，包括水電，但同時更加重視社會和環境影響RegionalContext地區背景WB’sContributionsandImpacts世行的貢獻和影響8722

NumberofActiveHydropowerProjects-byProductLine現有的水電項目數WB’sContributionsandImpacts世行的貢獻和影響WB’sContributionsandImpacts世行貢獻和影響Introducedprojectappraisalmethodwhichallowsincorporationofenvironmentalexternalitieswhencomparingdevelopmentalternatives;引進進了了項項目目評評估估法法，，在在對對不不同同開開發發方方案案進進行行比比較較時時，，將將環環境境因因素素納納入入其其中中Introducedmodernprojectmanagementpractice(competitivebidding,relationshipbetweenowner/contractor/supervisionbodies);引入入了了現現代代項項目目管管理理方方法法（（競競爭爭性性招招標標，，理理順順業業主主/合合同同方方和和監監理理方方的的關關系系））DevelopedjointlywithChinesecounterpartadisciplinedapproachtohydropowerdevelopmentwithadequateattentiontosocialandenvironmentalsustainabilityincludingapovertyalleviationdimensionwhereverneeded;與中方共共同發展展了有效效的水電電開發方方式，充充分考慮慮社會和和環境可可持續性性，同時時還包括括扶貧Usedresettlementasdevelopmentopportunities–Shuikou(FujianChina)example.開發式移移民,如如福建建省水口口項目WB’sContributionsandImpacts世行貢獻獻和影響響WB’sEnergyAssistanceStrategyinEAP世行東亞亞太平洋洋地區能能源援助助戰略Supporteconomicgrowthbyhelpingclientsmeetenergydemandinasustainablemanner幫助客戶國,以可持續續方式,滿滿足能源需求求，支持經濟濟增長Improveenergysector’’sabilitytomobilizeinvestmentthroughdeepeningofreformandpublic-privatepartnerships深化改革和公公共及私營部部門合作，提提高能源行業業融資的能力力Promoterenewableenergyandenergyefficiency促進進可可再再生生能能源源發發展展,提提高高能能源源效效率率Scaleupinvestmentstoincreaseaccesstomodernenergyservices擴大大投投資資規規模模，，提提高高現現代代能能源源服服務務準準入入Promoteregionaltradeofenergy促進地區能源源貿易WB’sActivitiesforHydropowerDevelopmentinEAP世行東亞太平平洋地區在水水電領域的活活動CurrentPipelineandPossibleFutureHydropowerProjects--someexamples目前滾動計劃劃內項目和將將來可能進行行的水電項目目NamTheun2–projectpreparationatadvancedstageNamTheun二期項目準備備階段即將完完畢ChinaRenewableEnergyScale-upProject(includessmallhydrorehabilitationinZhejiang)––projectpreparationatadvancedstage中國可再生能能源規模擴大大化項目（包包括浙江小水水電改造）準準備階段即將將完畢GreaterMekongSub-region(GMS)hydropowerdevelopment大湄公河流域域水電開發Vietnamhydropowerdevelopmentprogram越南水電開發發項目Timor-LesteIraLalaroproject東帝汶IraLalaro項目Whatcanwedotohelp?我們能做什么么？Jointeffortswithgovernments/clientsforenvironmentalandsocialsafeguards–canwerelymoreoncountrysystems?與政府/客戶戶國攜手共抓抓環保和社會會事宜－可否否更多地依靠靠本國的系統統體制？Financialassistanceinprojectpipelinepreparation–pre-feasibilitystudy;對項目準備的的財務援助－－預可研LeveragingprivatefinancingthroughIBRD/IDAinvestments,provisionofcreditenhancementsupportsuchasguarantees(MIGA,PRG,PCG),inadditiontopolicydialogue;除政策對話外外，通過IBRD/IDA投資，提供信信貸支持，如如擔保（MIGA，PRG，PCG）吸引更多的私私營投資WB’sActivitiesforHydropowerDevelopmentinEAP世行東亞太平平洋地區在水水電領域的活活動Whatcanwedotohelp?我們能做什么么？Channelinggrants(GEF,Carbonfinancing,othertrustfunds)toimprovecommercialviability;爭取贈款（全全球環境基金金，碳基金金及其其他贈贈款））提高高商業業效益益Leveragingregionalenergyresourcesthroughenergytrade––StrategicframeworkforGMSgridinterconnectionandpowertrade.通過能能源貿貿易，，如大大湄公公河電電網聯聯網和和電力力交易易戰略略框架架，增增加地地區能能源資資源WB’’sActivitiesforHydropowerDevelopmentinEAP世行東東亞太太平洋洋地區區在水水電領領域的的活動動WB’’sActivitiesforHydropowerDevelopmentinEAP世行東東亞太太平洋洋地區區在水水電領領域的的活動動CarbonFinancing碳資助助Hydropowergeneratesemissionsreductionbydisplacingfossilfuelgeneration水電代替化石石燃料發電，，減少排放Emissionreductionsarecalculatedrelativetoabaseline(“withoutproject””case)andsubjecttovalidationbyanindependentvalidator減排計算相對對于基線而言言，需要得到到獨立驗證機機構的驗證WB’sActivitiesforHydropowerDevelopmentinEAP世行東亞太平平洋地區在水水電領域的活活動CarbonFinancing碳資助Priceofcarbonemissionreductioncreditsdependson:碳減排排得分分的價價格取取決于于：Riskandrisk-sharing風險和和風險險分攤攤Supplyanddemandwithinmarketsegment市場供需需NegotiationofanE