書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東英才學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Yearsaftertheaccidenthewasstill（

）byimagesofdeathanddestruction.

問題1選項

A.twisted

B.haunted

C.dipped

D.submerged

【答案】B

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。twist“纏繞，扭曲”；haunt“（指鬼魂）常出沒于（某處）”；dip“浸，泡”；submerge“淹沒”。句意：事故發(fā)生后好多年死亡和毀滅的景象仍然縈繞于他的腦海中。選項B符合題意。

2.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.

在今天的中國，平均每天有24萬人成為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的新用戶，平均每400個中國人就擁有一個網(wǎng)站。按照目前的發(fā)展速度，再過兩年，中國的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使用者將超過5億，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及率將從目前的25.5%提高到38.5%。對于一個發(fā)展中國家而言，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)能夠如此快速普及是一大奇跡。中國人民從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)受益匪淺。在中國，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正廣泛應用于電子政務、電子商務、公共教育、新聞傳播等各個領域。電子商務在中國快速發(fā)展，中國電子商務交易總額在過去5年保持45%以上的年均增長速度，2008年超過4600億美元。

【答案】InChinatoday,onaverage,240,000peopleperdaybecomenewusersoftheInternetandevery400Chinesepossessonewebsite.Atthecurrentrateofdevelopment,Chinawillhavemorethan500millionInternetusersandtheInternetpenetrationratewillrisefromthecurrent25.5%to38.5%intwoyears.Foradevelopingcountry,therapidpopularizationoftheInternetisamiracle.ChinesepeoplehavebenefitedalotfromtheInternet.InChina,theInternetisbeingwidelyusedinvariousfieldssuchase-government,e-business,publiceducation,journalismandcommunicationandsoon.InChina,E-commerceisdevelopingrapidly.Thetotalvalueofe-commercetransactionsinChinahasmaintainedanaverageannualgrowthrateofmorethan45%overthepastfiveyears,exceeding$460billionin2008.

3.單選題

Thecrowd（）intothehallandsomehadtostandoutside.

問題1選項

A.outgrew

B.overthrew

C.overpassed

D.overflew

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項outgrew“過大而不適于，出生，長大成熟而不再”；B選項overthrew“扔出，拋出”；C選項overpassed“通過，度過”；D選項overflew“（尤指液體）溢出，（容器）滿得溢出，擠滿人了，淹沒”。句意：人群（）了大廳，有些人不得不站在外面。本句表示的是“人群涌入了大廳”，因此D選項符合題意。

4.單選題

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen’s.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinite-structuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses—thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbyatrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargerandprobablyricherinnervefibersthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis“What?”，and,ifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinborn,aresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforword-handling,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetterconnections.

Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“l(fā)anguagesubjects”andboysbetteratmathsandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshan’tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

2.Accordingtothepassageitiscommonlybelievedthatbraindifferencesarecausedby______factors.

3.“thesedifferences”inparagraph5refertothosein_______.

4.Attheendofthepassagetheauthorproposesmoreworkon______.

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Biologistsareconductingresearchwherepsychologistshavegivenup.

B.Braindifferencespointtosuperiorityofonesexovertheother.

C.Resultsofscientificresearchfailtosupportpopularbelief.

D.Thestructuraldifferenceinthebrainbetweenthesexeshaslongbeenknown.

問題2選項

A.biological

B.psychological

C.physical

D.social

問題3選項

A.skillsofmenandwomen

B.schoolsubjects

C.thebrainstructureofmenandwomen

D.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain

問題4選項

A.thebrainstructureasawhole

B.thefunctioningofpartofthebrain

C.thedistinctionbetweenthesexes

D.theeffectsofthecorpuscallosum

問題5選項

A.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingsonthebrainstructure.

B.Toexplainthelinkbetweensexandbrainstructure,

C.Todiscussthevariousfactorsthatcausebraindifferences.

D.Tosuggestnewareasinbrainresearch.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.（心理學家把這個問題看作是一件沮喪的是或是一個笑話）可知A選項表述不正確；由第一段中的Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.（但他們急忙指出，不同并不等于好或壞）可知B選項表述不正確；由第三段中的Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.（這是第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)女性和男性大腦之間的結(jié)構(gòu)差異，它必須具有一定的意義）可知D選項表述不正確。通過排除法排除A、B、D選項，因此選C。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的Wetendtothinkthatitistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.（我們傾向于認為，正是社會的影響產(chǎn)生了這些差異）可知選D。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.（但要在此基礎上解釋男女技能的實際差異并非易事）可知選A。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing（我們也不知道這兩部分是如何通過胼胝體相互作用的。但這種顯著的差異肯定會有一定的影響，因為這種差異存在于大腦中與智力有關的部分，我們應該尋找智力加工的差異）可知選D。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了男性和女性的結(jié)構(gòu)存在差別，科學家對這種差別所做的研究，因此A選項“概述腦結(jié)構(gòu)的研究成果”符合題意。

5.單選題

Whereanyonereachingtheageof60wasconsideredtobeneardeath’sdoorattheturnofthe20thcentury,itisbarelyoldenoughforretirementattheturnofthe2lstcentury.Andscientistsarestillnotholdingback.Theysaythatasnewanti-ageingtreatmentsbecomeavailable,ourspecieswillgetevenolder.Whilefewwouldarguethatlivinglongerisanattractiveidea,therapidincreaseinthenumberofyearsbegsaquestion:Canourhealthexpectancybeascloseaspossibletoourlifeexpectancy?

Predictionsforfuturehealthexpectancyhavechangedoverthepastfewdecades.Inthe1980s,lifeexpectancywasincreasing,butthebestdatasuggestedthatforeveryincreasedyearoflifeexpectancy,agreaterfractionwasdisabledlifeexpectancy.Whatwewouldseewasapilingupofchronicillnessandrelateddisabilitywhichmedicalsciencecouldn’tprevent.

Butthatworldviewchangedsuddenlyintheearly1990swiththepublicationofastudybyresearchersatDukeUniversity,whohadbeenfollowingthehealthof20,000peopleforalmostadecade.Theyshowedthatdisabilityamongtheelderlywasnotonlydropping,butitwasdoingsoatanever-increasingrate.

ArianRichardson,directoroftheBarshopInstituteforAgeingandLongevityresearch,predictsthatunderstandingthemechanismsbehindcalorierestrictionandothergeneticreasonsbehindageingcouldbeusedwithinthenexttwodecadestogivepeopleseveralextrahealthyyearsoflife.Restricthowmuchananimaleats,forexample,anditwilllivelonger.Inlabexperiments,ratsoncalorie-restricteddietswerefoundtobephysiologicallyyounger,gotdiseaseslaterinlifeand,atanyrate,hadlessseverecases.“Fromthemodelsthathavebeenlookedat,theincreaseinlifespanisusuallyintherangeof15%-30%maximum,”saysRichardson.Cuttingcaloriesisthoughttotriggeraswitchinananimal’'sbehaviorfromnormaltoastateofstasisinwhichgrowthandageingaretemporarilyputonhold.Whenfoodbecomesavailableagain,theanimal’sbehaviorswitchesback.

Richardsonsaysthatthinkingaboutstoppingageingisa“l(fā)ittlebitsilly”atthemomentbutdoesn’tdismissitaltogether,arguingthatnoneoftheillnessesrelatedtoageingshouldbeinevitable.Startwithahigh-qualitybody(andthatmeanseatingyourgreens,notsmokinganddoinglotsofexerciseinyouryoungerdays)andyoucankeepitgoingforlongerwithhighqualitymaintenance.“It’llbelikethedifferencebetweenaRolls-Royceandacheapcar.”

1.Itcanbeseenfromthefirstparagraphthatpeoplehavedoubtsonwhether（）.

2.Inthe1980s,thedataonpeople’shealthexpectancy（）.

3.Inthelabexperimentonrats,（）.

4.Richardsonbelievesthat（）.

5.Rolls-Royceisusedtoconveytheideathat（）.

問題1選項

A.ispossibletolivealongerhealthyandlifet

B.humanscanliveaslongasscientistspredictt

C.livinglongerisstillconsideredagoodideat

D.newanti-ageingtreatmentsaresafeforhumanst

問題2選項

A.gaveanoptimisticpredictiont

B.showedanunclearfuturet

C.ledtoapessimisticperceptiont

D.turnedouttobeamixedblessingt

問題3選項

A.foodrestrictionisnottheonlyfactorprovedtohaveworkedt

B.responsestofoodrestrictionvaryfromanimaltoanimalt

C.theanimals’lifespanincreaseswiththeamountoffoodeatent

D.differentamountsoffoodcauseachangeintheanimals’behaviort

問題4選項

A.itisimpossibleforhumanstostopageingt

B.itisworthlesstotalkaboutstoppingageingt

C.stoppingageingisadreamthatmaycometruet

D.illnessisthebiggestobstacletostoppingageingt

問題5選項

A.qualitylifeisoutofreachformostpeoplet

B.qualitylifecanslowdowntheprocessofagingt

C.howlongonecanlivedependsonthegenesonecarriest

D.themoremoneyoneinvestsinhealth,thehealthieronewillbe

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“從第一段可以看出，人們對是否……持懷疑態(tài)度”。第一段最后一句提到Canourhealthexpectancybeascloseaspossibletoourlifeexpectancy?（我們的健康預期能達到我們的預期壽命嗎？），由此可推斷，人們對自身能活得健康長壽持懷疑態(tài)度，故A項“有可能活得更健康和長壽”符合題意。B項“人類可以活得和科學家預測的一樣長”和C項“活得更長仍然被認為是一個好主意”是肯定的細節(jié)描述，與題干不符；D項“新的抗衰老療法對人類是安全的”，內(nèi)容與文章無關。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

第2題:細節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“20世紀80年代，人們的健康預期數(shù)據(jù)……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第二段Inthe1980s,lifeexpectancywasincreasing,butthebestdatasuggestedthatforeveryincreasedyearoflifeexpectancy,agreaterfractionwasdisabledlifeexpectancy.Whatwewouldseewasapilingupofchronicillnessandrelateddisabilitywhichmedicalsciencecouldn’tprevent.（在20世紀80年代，預期壽命在增加，但最好的數(shù)據(jù)表明，預期壽命每增加一年，殘疾預期壽命的比例就更大；我們將看到的是醫(yī)學無法預防的慢性疾病和相關殘疾的堆積），由此可知，人們的健康預期數(shù)據(jù)并不樂觀，故C項“導致悲觀的看法”正確。A項“給出一個樂觀的預測”和D項“說明情況好壞參半”內(nèi)容與原文不符；B項“前途不明”，第二段未提及。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

第3題:細節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“在對老鼠的實驗室實驗中，……”。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段第三句的例子Inlabexperiments,ratsoncalorie-restricteddietswerefoundtobephysiologicallyyounger,gotdiseaseslaterinlifeand,atanyrate,hadlessseverecases.（在實驗室實驗中，食用限制熱量飲食的老鼠在生理上更年輕，患疾病的年齡更晚，而且無論如何，病情不那么嚴重），結(jié)合第四段倒數(shù)第二句Cuttingcaloriesisthoughttotriggeraswitchinananimal’sbehaviorfromnormaltoastateofstasisinwhichgrowthandageingaretemporarilyputonhold.（減少熱量攝入會使動物的行為從正常狀態(tài)切換到一種停滯狀態(tài)，在這種狀態(tài)下，生長和衰老暫時被擱置），由此可推斷，不同的熱量攝入對動物行為會有影響，故D項“不同的食物量導致動物行為的改變”符合題意。A項“食物限制并不是被證明有效的唯一因素”與原文不符；B項“對食物限制的反應因動物而異”，文中只提到了老鼠的實驗，沒有參照對比物；C項“動物的壽命隨著食物攝入量的增加而增加”，內(nèi)容與原文相反。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

第4題:細節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“理查森認為……”。最后一段第一句話提到Richardsonsaysthatthinkingaboutstoppingageingisa“l(fā)ittlebitsilly”atthemomentbutdoesn’tdismissitaltogether,arguingthatnoneoftheillnessesrelatedtoageingshouldbeinevitable.（理查森說，現(xiàn)在考慮停止衰老“有點傻”，但并沒有完全否定它，他認為，與衰老相關的疾病都不應該是不可避免的），由此可知，與衰老相關的疾病是可以避免的，所以C項“停止衰老是一個可能實現(xiàn)的夢想”正確。A項“人類不可能停止衰老”與原文相反；B項“談論停止衰老是沒有價值的”與原文不符；D項“疾病是阻止衰老的最大障礙”，原文沒有明確說明疾病是阻止衰老的最大障礙，該項太絕對。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

第5題:細節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“勞斯萊斯被用來傳達一種……的理念”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章最后兩句Startwithahigh-qualitybody(andthatmeanseatingyourgreens,notsmokinganddoinglotsofexerciseinyouryoungerdays)andyoucankeepitgoingforlongerwithhighqualitymaintenance.“It’llbelikethedifferencebetweenaRolls-Royceandacheapcar.”（從一個高質(zhì)量的身體開始，這意味著年輕的時候吃綠色蔬菜，不吸煙，做大量的運動，你可以通過高質(zhì)量的保養(yǎng)保持更長的時間；“這就像是勞斯萊斯和廉價汽車保養(yǎng)之間的區(qū)別”），由此可知，文章通過提到勞斯萊斯與普通汽車的對比舉例，用來說明有質(zhì)量的生活可以減緩衰老的進程，故B項“高質(zhì)量生活可以減緩老化的進程”正確。A項“高質(zhì)量的生活對大多數(shù)人來說是遙不可及的”和C項“一個人能活多久取決于他攜帶的基因”文章未提及；D項“一個人在健康上投資的錢越多，他就會越健康”，該項太絕對。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

6.單選題

VI.ProcedureLaw

Evenifweweretoacceptthisdeflationaryviewofproceduraljusticeasourstartingpoint,itwouldnotfollowthatproceduresareunimportant.Ifwebeginwithcriteriaforajustoutcome,thenitfollowsthatoursystemofdisputeresolutionshouldbedesignedtodecidecontroversiesinaccordwiththesecriteria.Fromthebarepremisethatoutcomescountfromtheexpost(事后)perspective,wecanderiveaminimalnotionofproceduraljustice.Aperfectlyjustprocedurewouldguaranteecorrectoutcomes;aprocedurewouldbemoreorlessfairorjustinsofarasitapproximatesthisideal.Ifwetaketherulesofsubstantivelaw(torts,contracts,property,andsoforth)asappliedtothefacts(thestateoftheworld)asthecriteriaforjustoutcomes,thentheidealprocedurewoulddiscernthetruthaboutthefactsandapplythelawtothosefactswithone-hundredpercentaccuracy.Fromthemodestpremisethatoutcomescount,wecanderivetheviewthatproceduraljusticeisafunctionofaccuracy.

Thereare,however,obviousproblemswiththissimpletheory.Evenfromtheexpostperspective,formallegaloutcomes,suchasjudgmentsforplaintiffsanddefendants,arenottheonlyeffectsofadjudication.Disputeresolutionsystemsimposecostsonthepartiestothedisputeandonsocietyatlarge.Ifweenlargeourviewofoutcomestoencompassallofthecostsandbenefitsimposedbythelitigationsystem,thenourviewofproceduraljusticewillbeenlargedaswell.Anoutcomethatincludesadamageawardthatreflectsanaccurateapplicationofthesubstantivelawtothefactsmightnonethelessbeunjustiftheplaintiffwhowasentitledtoprevailhadtopaymoreinattorneys’feesthanthevalueofthejudgment.Adisputeresolutionsystemthatachievedone-hundredpercentaccuracywouldbeviewedasmonstrouslyunfairifitrequiredeachdisputanttodevoteherentirelifetoapainstakingprocessoffact-findingandconsumedthegreatbulkofthesocialproducttofinancetheenterprise.Theadditionoftheseuncontroversialpremisestoourmodestassumptionthatoutcomescountyieldstheconclusionthatevenfromtheexpostperspectiveafairproceduremust,ataminimum,strikeafairorreasonablebalancebetweenthebenefitsofaccurateoutcomesandthecostsimposedbythesystemofprocedures.

Proceduralperfectionisunattainable:noconceivablesystemofprocedurecanguaranteeperfectaccuracy.Approachingproceduralperfectionisunaffordable:asystemthatachievedthehighestpossibledegreeofaccuracywouldbeintolerablycostly.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wecanknowthattheauthoris___.

2.AnidealprocedurewouldNOT___.

3.Theauthorthinksthatafairproceduremuststrikeafairorreasonablebalancethebenefitsandthecosts.Accordingtothe2ndparagraph,whichoneisNOTacostmentionedbytheauthor?

4.Fromthelastparagraphonecaninferthat___.

問題1選項

A.rebuttingsomeone’sviewthatproceduresareunimportant

B.arguingthatproceduresareunimportant

C.distinguishingprocedurelawfromsubstantivelaw

D.settingthecriteriaforjustoutcomes

問題2選項

A.discernthetruthaboutthefacts

B.applythelawtothefactswithaccuracy

C.guaranteecorrectoutcomes

D.bedifferentevenifthesubstantivelawappliedisdifferent

問題3選項

A.Anunjustawardwheretheplaintiffhastopaymorethanthevalueofjudgment.

B.Alife-longfact-findingprocesstoachieve100%accuracy.

C.Thegreatbulkofproductsproducedbyanenterprise.

D.Thesocialproductsconsumedtosupportthesystem.

問題4選項

A.proceduralperfectionisunattainable

B.afairprocedurecanonlyexistwhenkeepingabalancebetweenbenefitsandcosts

C.approachingproceduralperfectionisunaffordable

D.nosystemofprocedurecanguaranteeperfectaccuracy

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第一句Evenifweweretoacceptthisdeflationaryviewofproceduraljusticeasourstartingpoint,itwouldnotfollowthatproceduresareunimportant.（即使我們將這種關于程序正義的通縮觀點作為我們的出發(fā)點，也不會得出程序不重要的結(jié)論）可知選A選項“反駁一些人認為程序不重要的觀點”，同時可知B選項“爭論程序不重要”錯誤，作者認為程序是重要的；C選項“區(qū)分程序法和實體法”原文第一段未提及；第一段第二句Ifwebeginwithcriteriaforajustoutcome,thenitfollowsthatoursystemofdisputeresolutionshouldbedesignedtodecidecontroversiesinaccordwiththesecriteria.（如果我們從公正結(jié)果的標準開始，那么我們的爭端解決制度就應該根據(jù)這些標準來決定爭端）得知D選項“為公正的結(jié)果設定標準”和原文不符合，原文沒有提到為公正的結(jié)果設定標準。因此A選項正確。

2.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Ifwetaketherulesofsubstantivelaw(torts,contracts,property,andsoforth)asappliedtothefacts(thestateoftheworld)asthecriteriaforjustoutcomes,thentheidealprocedurewoulddiscernthetruthaboutthefactsandapplythelawtothosefactswithone-hundredpercentaccuracy.（如果我們把適用于事實（世界狀況）的實體法規(guī)則（侵權(quán)行為、合同、財產(chǎn)等）作為公正結(jié)果的標準，那么理想的程序?qū)⒈鎰e事實的真相和法律適用于那些事實，準確率百分之百）可知A選項“辨明事實的真相”,，B選項“正確地將法律適用于事實”以及C選項“保證正確的結(jié)果”對應原文，D選項“即使適用的實體法不同，也不一樣”原文未提及。因此D選項符合題意。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段Anoutcomethatincludesadamageawardthatreflectsanaccurateapplicationofthesubstantivelawtothefactsmightnonethelessbeunjustiftheplaintiffwhowasentitledtoprevailhadtopaymoreinattorneys’feesthanthevalueofthejudgment.（但是，如果有權(quán)勝訴的原告支付的律師費高于判決的價值，那么包括損害賠償裁決在內(nèi)的結(jié)果可能是不公正的，因為損害賠償裁決反映了實體法對事實的準確適用）可知A選項“一種不公正的判決，原告必須支付比判決價值更多的錢”有提及；第二段Adisputeresolutionsystemthatachievedone-hundredpercentaccuracywouldbeviewedasmonstrouslyunfairifitrequiredeachdisputanttodevoteherentirelifetoapainstakingprocessoffact-findingandconsumedthegreatbulkofthesocialproducttofinancetheenterprise.（一個百分之百準確的糾紛解決系統(tǒng)，如果要求每一個糾紛人一生都致力于一個艱苦的事實調(diào)查過程，并消耗大量的社會產(chǎn)品為企業(yè)融資，那么它將被視為極其不公平的）可知B選項“一個終生的事實調(diào)查過程，以達到100%的準確性”，D選項“社會產(chǎn)品消費支持該系統(tǒng)”在原文中有提及；C選項“一個企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的大量產(chǎn)品”原文未涉及。因此C選項符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段Proceduralperfectionisunattainable:noconceivablesystemofprocedurecanguaranteeperfectaccuracy.Approachingproceduralperfectionisunaffordable:asystemthatachievedthehighestpossibledegreeofaccuracywouldbeintolerablycostly.（程序的完善是不可能實現(xiàn)的：任何一個可以想象的程序體系都不能保證完美的準確性。接近程序上的完美是負擔不起的：一個達到盡可能高的準確度的系統(tǒng)將是難以忍受的代價），結(jié)合第二段最后一句evenfromtheexpostperspectiveafairproceduremust,ataminimum,strikeafairorreasonablebalancebetweenthebenefitsofaccurateoutcomesandthecostsimposedbythesystemofprocedures（即使從事后的角度來看，公平程序至少必須在準確結(jié)果的利益與程序制度所施加的費用之間達成公平或合理的平衡）可知盡可能高的準確度的系統(tǒng)是指準確結(jié)果的利益與程序制度所施加的費用之間達成高度平衡，則公平的程序只有在保持利益和成本之間的平衡時才能存在，選B選項“公平的程序只有在保持利益和成本之間的平衡時才能存在”；A選項“程序的完美是無法達到的”，C選項“接近程序的完美是無法承受的”以及D選項“沒有程序系統(tǒng)可以保證完美的準確性”都是最后一段直接給出的信息，而不是推測得出的，不符合題意。因此B選項正確。

7.單選題

Inthepasttenyearsskyscrapershavedeveloped（）inChicagoandNewYorkCity.

問題1選項

A.homogeneously

B.simultaneously

C.spontaneously

D.harmoniously

【答案】B

【解析】homogeneously均勻地;simultaneously同時地,同步地;spontaneously自發(fā)地;harmoniously和諧地。句意為,在過去的十年里,摩天大樓在紐約和芝加哥同步發(fā)展起來了。

8.單選題

問題1選項

A.sentup

B.sentoff

C.sentout

D.sentin

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。sendup使上升；sendoff寄出，派遣；sendout發(fā)送；sendin遞送，呈報。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指“遞交辭呈”，所以選項D符合句意。

9.單選題

Thedepthofthenovelandthevalueofitsartisticandideologicalfeaturedonotdependonthetheme—either（）orsignificant.

問題1選項

A.preliminary

B.versatile

C.trivial

D.alternate

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。preliminary“初步的”；versatile“多才多藝的”；trivial“不重要的”；alternate“交替的”。根據(jù)orsignificant可知空格處詞語的意思應該與significant相反，因此選項C符合題意。

10.翻譯題

WhatisitthatwemeanbyLiterature?Popularly,andamongstthethoughtless,itisheldtoincludeeverythingthatisprintedinabook.Littlelogicisrequiredtodisturbthatdefinition.Themostthoughtlesspersoniseasilymadeawarethatintheideaofliteratureoneessentialelementissomerelationtoageneralandcommoninterestofman—sothatwhatappliesonlytoalocal,orprofessional,ormerelypersonalinterest,eventhoughpresentingitselfintheshapeofabook,willnotbelongtoLiterature.

Sofarthedefinitioniseasilynarrowed;anditisalsoeasilyexpanded.FornotonlyismuchthattakesastationinbooksnotLiterature;butinversely,muchthatreallyisLiteratureneverreachesastationinbooks.TheweeklysermonsofChristendom,thatvastpulpitliteraturewhichactssoextensivelyuponthepopularmind—towarn,touphold,torenew,tocomfort,toalarm—doesnotattainthesanctuaryoflibrariesintheten-thousandthpartofitsextent.TheDramaagain—as,forinstance,thefinestofShakespeare’splaysinEngland,andmanyleadingAthenianplays—operatedasaliteratureonthepublicmind,andwere(accordingtothestrictestletterofthatterm)publishedthroughtheaudiencesthatwitnessedtheirrepresentationsometimebeforetheywerepublishedasthingstoberead;andtheywerepublishedinthismodeofpublicationwithmuchmoreeffectthantheycouldhavehadasbooksduringagesofcostlycopyingorofcostlyprinting.

【答案】【參考譯文】我們所說的文學到底是什么呢？一般來說，人們會不假思索地認為一切書中所印之物都是文學。這種說法經(jīng)不起深究，再粗心的人也很容易意識到文學是聯(lián)系著人們普遍興趣的一個重要因素——僅僅是一個地方，一個行業(yè)或者是一個人的興趣，即使以書本的形式出現(xiàn)也不算是文學。

文學的定義很容易受到限制，同樣也很容易被擴大。大多數(shù)的書本都不能稱之為文學，而相反的是，很多真正的文學卻從未踏入過書本的行列。基督教堂里每個禮拜的布道詞，數(shù)量巨大的文學講壇，它們通過告誡、鼓勵、振奮、安撫或警示對人們的心理產(chǎn)生了巨大而廣泛的作用，但它們在圖書館里還占不到千分之一的席位。戲劇也是如此，舉個例子來說，英國莎士比亞最優(yōu)秀的戲劇，以及代表所有希臘燦爛文化的劇作早已在它們成為出版物被人傳閱之前就已經(jīng)在大眾面前發(fā)表過了（根據(jù)“發(fā)表”一詞最準確的意義來講），并且在那個傳抄和打印價格都很昂貴的年代里，它們以戲劇的形式發(fā)表而產(chǎn)生的影響遠勝于書本所造成的影響。

11.單選題

8.

問題1選項

A.$60.

B.$40.

C.$360.

D.$30.

【答案】D

【解析】M:Ok.Sothatwouldbe800dollarsplus60dollarsinovertime,right?

W:Right,somypaycheckshouldbe860dollars,butonly830dollarswereputintomyaccount.

M:Sorryaboutthat.I’llrecordthemistaketodayandwirethemoneyintoyouraccountfirstthingtomorrowmorning.

Q:Howmuchwillthemanwireintothewoman'saccount?

【解析】計算題。本應打入女士賬戶860美元，但實際只有830美元，因此還應打入30美元。

12.單選題

Theessentialproblemofmaninacomputerizedageremainsthesameasithasalwaysbeen.Theproblemisnotsolelyhowtobemoreproductive,morecomfortable,morecontent,buthowtobemoresensitive,moresensible,moreproportionate,morealive.Thecomputermakespossibleaphenomenalleapinhumanproficiency;itdemolishesthefencesaroundthepracticalandeventhetheoreticalintelligence.Butthequestionpersistsandindeedgrowswhetherthecomputerwillmakeiteasierorharderforhumanbeingstoknowwhotheyreallyare,toidentifytheirrealproblems,torespondmorefullytobeauty,toplaceadequatevalueonlife,andtomaketheirworldsaferthanitnowis.

Electronicbrainscanreducetheprofusionofdeadendsinvolvedinvitalresearch.Buttheycan'teliminatethefoolishnessanddecaythatcomefromtheunexaminedlife.Nordotheyconnectamantothethingshehastobeconnectedto——therealityofpaininothers;thepossibilitiesofcreativegrowthinhimself;thememoryoftherace;andtherightsofthenextgeneration.

Thereasonwhythesemattersareimportantinacomputerizedageisthattheremaybeatendencytomistakedataforwisdom,justastherehasalwaysbeenatendencytoconfuselogicwithvalues,andintelligencewithinsight.Unobstructedaccesstofactscanproduceunlimitedgoodonlyifitismatchedbythedesireandabilitytofindoutwhattheymeanandwheretheywouldlead.

Factsareterriblethingsifleftsprawlingandunattended.Theyaretooeasilyregardedasevaluatedcertaintiesratherthanastherawestofrawmaterialscryingtobeprocessedintothetextureoflogic.Itrequiresaveryunusualmind,Whiteheadsaid,toundertaketheanalysisofafact.Thecomputercanprovideacorrectnumber,butitmaybeanirrelevantnumberuntiljudgmentispronounced.

Totheextent,then,thatmanfailstomakethedistinctionbetweentheintermediateoperationsofelectronicintelligenceandtheultimateresponsibilitiesofhumandecisionandconscience,thecomputercouldproveadigression.Itcouldobscureman'sawarenessoftheneedtocometotermswithhimself.Itmayfostertheillusionthatheisaskingfundamentalquestionswhenheisactuallyaskingonlyfunctionalones.Itmayberegardedasasubstituteforintelligenceinsteadofanextensiontoit.Itmaypromoteundueconfidenceinconcreteanswers."Ifwebeginwithcertainties,"Baconsaid,weshallendindoubts,butifwebeginwithdoubts,andwearepatientwiththem,weshallendincertainties.

1.Wecaninferfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthattheauthorwouldbelesscriticalofthecomputerif（

）.

2.Inacomputerizedage,whichoneofthefollowingshouldbegivenpriorityto?

3.Bysayingthat"Factsareterriblethingsifleftsprawlingandunattended"(Paragraph4),theauthoraimsto

（

）.

4.Theauthorregardscomputeras（

）.

問題1選項

A.itcanbetterimprovehumanproficiency

B.itcanbreaktheboundaryofthepracticalandtheoreticalintelligence

C.itcanbemorecreative

D.itcanmakepeoplemorealerttorealproblemsinhumansociety

問題2選項

A.Wisdom.

B.Intelligence.

C.Data.

D.Fact.

問題3選項

A.pointoutthattheabundanceoffactsmaybeharmfultohumanintellect

B.illustratethenecessityofalwaysattendingtofacts

C.showtheimportanceofusingpeople'sjudgmentinthecomputerizedage

D.tellthatfactsarealwaysirrelevantandneedtobeconnected

問題4選項

A.asubstituteforhumanintelligence

B.ameanstohelppeoplereachconcreteanswers

C.somethingthatcaninspirepeopletoaskfundamentalquestions

D.somethingthatisofsubsidiaryfunction

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由第一段中“Theproblemisnotsolelyhowtobemoreproductive,morecomfortable,morecontent,buthowtobemoresensitive,moresensible,moreproportionate,morealive.問題不只是如何更有效率、更舒適、更滿足，而是如何更敏感、更明智、更均衡、更有活力?！币约暗诙沃小癗ordotheyconnectamantothethings