書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-寧夏理工學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theteacher（）theirexercises.

問題1選項

A.madethestudentsdo

B.makethestudentsdoing

C.havemakethestudentsdo

D.makethestudentsdone

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞用法辨析。A選項madethestudentsdo“讓學生做”；B選項makethestudentsdoing；C選項havemakethestudentsdo；D選項makethestudentsdone。句意：老師……他們的鍛煉。根據句意make的用法為makesth.do，得知A選項正確。

2.單選題

ItisincongruousthatthenumberofBritishinstitutionsofferingMBAcoursesshouldhavegrownby254percentduringaperiodwhentheeconomyhasbeenslidingintodeeperrecession.Optimists,orthosegiventospeed,assumptions,mightthinkitmarveloustohavesucharesourceofbusinessschoolgraduatesreadyfortherecovery.Unfortunately,thereisnowmuchdoubtaboutthevalueofthedegreenotleastamongMBAgraduatesthemselves,sufferingastheyarefromtheeffectsofrecessionandfacingtheprospectofshrinkingmanagementstructures.

Whatwastakensomeyearsagoasaticketofcertainadmissiontosuccessisnowbeingexposedtothescrutinyofcost-consciousemployerswhoseek“can-dos”ratherthan“might-dos”,andwhofeelthatacademiahasnotbeensufficientlyappreciativeoftheneedsofindustryoroftheemployers’possiblecontribution.

Itiscurious,giventhenameofthedegree,thatthereshouldbenoleaguetableforUKbusinessschools;nounanimityaboutwhatthedegreeshouldencompass;andnoagreedsystemofaccreditation.Surelythereissomethingwrong.Onewonderswhereallthetutorsforthismassiveinfusionofbusinessexpertisecamefromandwhyallthismushroomingtookplace.

Perhapscompaniesthatmadelargeinvestmentswouldhavebeenwisertoinvestinalreadyexistingmanagers,perchedanxiouslyontheirowninternalladders.TheInstituteofManagement’s1992survey,whichrevealedthateighty-onepercentofmanagersthoughttheypersonallywouldbemoreeffectiveiftheyreceived-moretraining,suggeststhatthismightbethecase.Thereis,too,thefactthattrainingalonedoesnotmakesuccessfulmanagers.Theyneedtheinherentqualifications.Ofcharacter,adegreeofself-subjugation;and,aboveall,theabilitytocommunicateandlead;moresonow,whenempowermentisabuzzwordthatisatleastgeneratinggenuflections,ifnottotalconviction.

Onecaneasilythinkofpeople,somecomparativelyunlettered,whoarenowlaudedcaptainsofindustry.Wemay,therefore,notneedtobetooconcernedaboutthefallinapplicationsforbusinessschoolplaces,oreventhedoubtaboutMBAs.Theproliferationandsubsequentquestioningmayhavebeenaninevitableevolution.IftheManagementCharterInitiative,nowexploringtheintroductionofaseniormanagementqualification,issuccessful,therewillbeapowerfulcorrective.

Webelievenowthatmanagementisallaboutchange.Onehopestherewillbesomeofthatinrelationshipbetweenmanagementandsciencewithinindustry,currentlycausingconcernandwhichisoverdueforattention.Noonedoubtsthatweneedmorescientistsandinnovationtogiveusanedgeinanincreasinglycompetitiveworld.Ifscientistsfeelthemselvesundervaluedandunder-used,workinginindustrialghettos,thatisnotapromisingauguryforthefuture.Itseemswehavetoresolvethesemisapprehensionsbetweenscienceandindustry.Aboveall,wehavetomakesurethatmanagementisnotitselfsmugaboutitsstatusandthatitdoesnotissuemissionstatementsaboutcommunicationwithoutrealizingattheessenceofitisadialogue.Moreempowermentisrequiredandweshouldstrivetoachieveit.

16.Whatisthewriter’sviewinthereadingpassage?

17.Accordingtothepassage,employers____.

18.Accordingtothepassage____.

19.Inthewriter’sopinion____.

20.Whichoftheinformationistrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項

A.HebelievesthattherearetoomanyMBAs.

B.Hebelievesthatthedegreeisover-valued.

C.Hebelievesthatstandardsareinconsistent.

D.Hebelievesthatthedegreehasdubiousvalue.

問題2選項

A.feelthattheyhavenotbeenconsultedsufficientlyabouttheirneeds

B.considerthatcost-consciousnessisthemostimportantqualification

C.aremoreconcernedaboutthevalueofthedegreethangraduatesthemselves

D.feelthatMBAswillnotbenecessarybecauseofshrinkingmanagementstructures

問題3選項

A.managersneedadegreeandtheabilitytocommunicate

B.trainingneedtobedoneingroupstobesuccessful

C.managerstodaymusthavegoodcommunicationandleadershipskills

D.industrialmanagersdonotneedtowriteletters

問題4選項

A.scienceincreasescompetition

B.scientistsareundervalued

C.themanagementofscienceneedsreassessment

D.managementfeelssmugaboutitsstatus

問題5選項

A.Mostmanagersinterviewedfeltthattheircolleaguesneededmoretraining.

B.Employerstodayarelookingforprovenexperienceratherthanpotentialability.

C.TheManagementCharterInitiativeisanattempttostandardizeMBAs.

D.CompanieswouldhavebenefitedmorefromrecruitingMBAsratherthaninvestingintheirownstaff.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】16.【選項釋義】

Whatisthewriter’sviewinthereadingpassage?本文中作者的觀點是什么？

A.HebelievesthattherearetoomanyMBAs.A.他認為，MBA學生太多了。

B.Hebelievesthatthedegreeisover-valued.B.他認為這個學位被高估了。

C.Hebelievesthatstandardsareinconsistent.C.他認為標準是不一致的。

D.Hebelievesthatthedegreehasdubiousvalue.D.他認為這個學位的價值值得懷疑。

【考查點】事實細節題。

【解題思路】本題詢問的是作者的觀點。原文第3段第2句提到“對于該程度應包含什么內容，各方意見不一（nounanimity）；也沒有公認的認證體系（noagreedsystem）”，由此可知，C選項“他認為標準不一致”表述正確，是作者的觀點。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“他認為，MBA學生太多了”，原文并未提及，該選項屬于無中生有；

B選項“他認為這個學位被高估了”，可定位到原文的1段最后一句，該句說到“如今，人們對這個學位的價值產生了很多懷疑，尤其是在MBA畢業生中（notleastamongMBAgraduatesthemselves）。”由此可得，這是別人的觀點，而非作者的觀點，該選項屬于張冠李戴；

D選項“他認為這個學位的價值值得懷疑”，同B選項，對該學位價值的懷疑是別人的觀點，而非作者的觀點，該選項屬于張冠李戴。

17.【選項釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,employers____.根據文章，雇主____。

A.feelthattheyhavenotbeenconsultedsufficientlyabouttheirneedsA.覺得他們的需求沒有得到充分的咨詢

B.considerthatcost-consciousnessisthemostimportantqualificationB.認為成本意識是最重要的資格

C.aremoreconcernedaboutthevalueofthedegreethangraduatesthemselvesC.比畢業生本身更關心學位的價值

D.feelthatMBAswillnotbenecessarybecauseofshrinkingmanagementstructuresD.認為由于管理結構的萎縮，MBA學生將不再是必要的

【考查點】判斷推理題。

【解題思路】本題要求選出雇主的觀點。D選項“認為由于管理結構的萎縮，MBA學生將不再是必要的”，可定位到原文第1段最后一句，該句提到“面臨管理結構萎縮的前景，MBA畢業生們對該學位的價值產生了懷疑”，由此可知，管理結構萎縮，讓MBA學位的價值縮水。另外，原文第5段第2句提到，“申請商學院的人會下降（fallinapplicationsforbusinessschoolplaces），也會對MBA產生懷疑（thedoubtaboutMBAs）”，由此推斷，雇主們不認為一定要招MBA的學生，D選項“認為由于管理結構的萎縮，MBA學生將不再是必要的”表述正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“覺得他們的需求沒有得到充分的咨詢”，可定位到第2段最后一句，該句提到“學術界沒有充分認識到企業的需要或雇主可能做出的貢獻”，原文并未提到“咨詢”雇主需求的問題，該選項屬于無中生有；

B選項“認為成本意識是最重要的資格”，可定位到原文第4段最后一句，該句提到“最重要的是（aboveall），溝通和領導能力（theabilitytocommunicateandlead）”，由此可知，成本意識不是最重要的資格，該選項表述錯誤；

C選項“比畢業生本身更關心學位的價值”，可定位到原文的1段最后一句，該句說到“如今，人們對這個學位的價值產生了很多懷疑，尤其是在MBA畢業生中（notleastamongMBAgraduatesthemselves）。”由此可知，畢業生最關心學位的價值，該選項表述錯誤。

18.【選項釋義】

Accordingtothepassage____.根據文章____。

A.managersneedadegreeandtheabilitytocommunicateA.管理者需要學位和溝通能力

B.trainingneedtobedoneingroupstobesuccessfulB.訓練需要在小組中進行才能取得成功

C.managerstodaymusthavegoodcommunicationandleadershipskillsC.今天的管理者必須有良好的溝通和領導能力

D.industrialmanagersdonotneedtowritelettersD.工業管理者不需要寫信

【考查點】事實細節題。

【解題思路】原文第4段最后兩句，此處提到，“培訓本身并不能造就成功的管理者（successfulmanagers）。他們需要內在的資質（theinherentqualifications）”，“最重要的是（aboveall），溝通和領導能力（theabilitytocommunicateandlead）”，由此可得，C選項“今天的管理者必須有良好的溝通和領導能力”表述正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“管理者需要學位和溝通能力”，原文是指溝通能力和領導能力，學位不那么重要；

B選項“訓練需要在小組中進行才能取得成功”，原文并未提及，該選項屬于無中生有；

D選項“工業管理者不需要寫信”，根據關鍵詞“letters”可定位到第5段第1句，該句提到“一些相對不太識字（unlettered）的人，現在被譽為行業領袖”，原文指的是“不識字”，而不是寫信，該選項屬于偷換概念。

19.【選項釋義】

Inthewriter’sopinion____.作者認為____。

A.scienceincreasescompetitionA.科學增加了競爭

B.scientistsareundervaluedB.科學家被低估了

C.themanagementofscienceneedsreassessmentC.科學的管理需要重新評估

D.managementfeelssmugaboutitsstatusD.管理層對自己的地位沾沾自喜

【考查點】事實細節題。

【解題思路】A選項“科學增加了競爭”，可定位到本文第6段。本段第3句提到“沒有人懷疑，我們需要更多的科學家和創新（morescientistsandinnovation），讓我們在競爭日益激烈的（increasinglycompetitive）世界中占據優勢（giveusanedge）。”由此可知，作者認為

科學有利于在競爭中占據優勢，A選項表述正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“科學家被低估了”，可定位到原文第6段。本段第4句提到“如果科學家們覺得自己被低估（Ifscientistsfeelthemselvesundervalued）……”，由此可知，這只是作者的假設，并不是作者的觀點，該選項屬于過度推理；

C選項“科學的管理需要重新評估”，原文并未提及，該選項屬于無中生有；

D選項“管理層對自己的地位沾沾自喜”，可定位到原文第6段。本段倒數第2句提到“最重要的是，我們必須確保管理層本身不會對自己的地位沾沾自喜（managementisnotitselfsmugaboutitsstatus）”，因此，選項表述并非作者觀點。

20.【選項釋義】

Whichoftheinformationistrueaccordingtothepassage?根據文章，哪些信息是正確的？

A.Mostmanagersinterviewedfeltthattheircolleaguesneededmoretraining.A.大多數接受采訪的管理人員認為，他們的同事需要更多的培訓。

B.Employerstodayarelookingforprovenexperienceratherthanpotentialability.B.現在的雇主更看重的是經驗而不是潛在的能力。

C.TheManagementCharterInitiativeisanattempttostandardizeMBAs.C.管理憲章倡議是對MBA課程標準化的一次嘗試。

D.CompanieswouldhavebenefitedmorefromrecruitingMBAsratherthaninvestingintheirownstaff.D.企業本可以從招聘MBA學生而不是投資于自己的員工中獲益更多。

【考查點】判斷推理題。

【解題思路】原文第2段提到“幾年前被視為成功入場券的東西，如今正受到注重成本的雇主的審視，這些雇主尋求的是‘能做的’而不是‘可能做的’（seek‘can-dos’ratherthan‘might-dos’）”，由此推斷，雇主們更看重有經驗的人（can-dos），而不是有潛力的人（might-dos），B選項“現在的雇主更看重的是經驗而不是潛在的能力”表述正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“大多數接受采訪的管理人員認為，他們的同事需要更多的培訓”，可定位到原文第4段第2句，該句提到“管理學院1992年的調查顯示，81%的管理人員認為，如果他們接受更多的培訓（iftheyreceived-moretraining），他們個人就會更有效率（theypersonallywouldbemoreeffective）。”由此可知，接受采訪的人認為自己需要培訓，而沒有說他們的同事，該選項表述錯誤，屬于曲解原文；

C選項“管理憲章倡議是對MBA課程標準化的一次嘗試”，可定位到原文第5段最后一句，該句提到“如果正在探索引進高級管理人員資格（theintroductionofaseniormanagementqualification）的管理憲章計劃（theManagementCharterInitiative）獲得成功。”由此可知，該計劃的目的是“探索引進高級管理人員資格”，而不是“MBA課程標準化”，該選項表述錯誤，屬于張冠李戴；

D選項“企業本可以從招聘MBA學生而不是投資于自己的員工中獲益更多”，可定位到原文第4段第1句，該句提到“或許，進行大規模投資的公司更明智的做法（wouldhavebeenwiser）是投資于已經存在的、焦慮地坐在自己內部階梯上的管理人員（investinalreadyexistingmanagers）。”由此可知，企業投資自己的員工更明智，即獲益更多，該選項表述錯誤，屬于本末倒置。

3.單選題

Hehadafallandhavea（）fractureinabone.

問題1選項

A.hairgrip

B.hairpiece

C.hairline

D.hairstyle

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項hairgrip“發夾”；B選項hairpiece“假發”；C選項hairline“發際線，極細的線，細縫”；D選項hairstyle“發型”。hairlinefracture是一醫學術語，“骨裂”，即一種如頭發般的單處骨折裂痕。句意：他摔了一跤，骨裂了。因此C選項正確。

4.單選題

Europeanofficials,though,havealreadywarnedtheywillretaliatebyboostingtariffsonUSgoods,（）arowthathaslastedsixyearsand（）agreementintheGATTinternationaltradetalksinvolving108countries.

問題1選項

A.escalating...blocking

B.toescalate...toblock

C.escalating...blocked

D.escalated...blocking

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。根據題目的句子結構，可知兩個空格中均填入-ing分詞作狀語，表伴隨。escalating“逐步上升”；blocking“阻礙”。句意：不過，歐洲官員已警告稱，他們將提高對美國商品的關稅作為報復，使持續6年的爭端不斷升級，并阻礙了有關于108個國家的關貿總協定國際貿易談判達成協議。選項A符合題意。

5.單選題

Intoday’smedical,littleagreementexistsonthe______fordefiningmentalillness.

問題1選項

A.legislation

B.requirement

C.criteria

D.measures

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.legislation立法，法律B.requirement要求，必要條件

C.criteria判斷標準D.measures措施，方法

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】由definingmentalillness（定義精神疾病）和agreement（意見）可知，“判斷標準”符合句子意思。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項都不符合句意。

【句意】在今天的醫學中，關于定義精神疾病的標準幾乎沒有一致的意見。

6.單選題

In1914,anapparentlyinsignificanteventinaremotepartofEasternEurope（

）Europeintoagreatwar.

問題1選項

A.imposed

B.pitched

C.inserted

D.plunged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。impose強加，征稅；pitch投擲，傾斜；insert插入；plunge跳入，使陷入。句意：1914年，東歐一件明顯微不足道的小事讓整個歐洲陷入一場大戰爭中。由insignificantevent與agreatwar可知兩者存在聯系，即小事件引起大戰爭，D項符合題意。答案D

7.單選題

Theywereforcedto（）onnecessitiesinordertomaketheirlimitedsupplieslastthelongishwinter.

問題1選項

A.skimp

B.exhaust

C.stingy

D.count

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項skimp“克扣，對……不夠用心”；B選項exhaust“使精疲力盡，耗盡，徹底探討”；C選項stingy“吝嗇的，小氣的，有刺的”；D選項count“總數，數數”。句意：他們被迫在生活必需品上_____，以使有限的物資能夠度過漫長的冬天。根據后文說“有限的物資”，可以看出他們的物資缺乏，因此是“被迫在必需品上錙銖必較”，因此A選項符合題意。

8.單選題

Theguides（

）thetouriststogetheratthehotelgate.

問題1選項

A.accumulated

B.collected

C.assembled

D.resembled

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。accumulate“積累;累積”:collect“收集”;assemble“聚集；集合”；resemble“類似，像”。根據后文“togetheratthehotelgate”可知是在門口集合，因此選項C符合題意。句意：這些導游讓游客在酒店門口集合。

9.單選題

Severalloudspeakersare（）fromtheceilingandwecanhearthespeakerveryclearly.

問題1選項

A.connected

B.winded

C.associated

D.suspended

【答案】D

【解析】考查動辨析。connect“連接”；wind“纏繞”；associate“聯系”；suspend“延緩，推遲，使懸浮”。句意：天花板上（）一些擴音器，我們可以很清楚地聽到演講者說話。擴音器一般是懸浮在天花板上，故D項正確。

10.單選題

LastThursday,theFrenchSenatepassedadigitalservicestax,whichwouldimposeanentirelynewtaxonlargemultinationalsthatprovidedigitalservicestoconsumersorusersinFrance.Digitalservicesincludeeverythingfromprovidingaplatformforsellinggoodsandservicesonlinetotargetingadvertisingbasedonuserdata,andthetaxappliestogrossrevenuefromsuchservices.ManyFrenchpoliticiansandmediaoutletshavereferredtothisasa"GAFAtax,"meaningthatitisdesignedtoapplyprimarilytocompaniessuchasGoogle,Apple,FacebookandAmazon—inotherwords,multinationaltechcompaniesbasedintheUnitedStates.

ThedigitalservicestaxnowawaitsthesignatureofPresidentEmmanuelMacron,whohasexpressedsupportforthemeasure,anditcouldgointoeffectwithinthenextfewweeks.Butithasalreadysparkedsignificantcontroversy,withtheUniteSatestraderepresentativeopeninganinvestigationintowhetherthetaxdiscriminatesagainstAmericancompanies,whichinturncouldleadtotradesanctionsagainstFrance.

TheFrenchtaxisnotjustaunilateralmovebyonecountryinneedofrevenue.Instead,thedigitalservicestaxispartofamuchlargertrend,withcountriesoverthepastfewyearsproposingorputtinginplaceanalphabetsoupofnewinternationaltaxprovisions.ThesehaveincludedBritain'sDPT(divertedprofitstax),Australia'sMAAL(multinationalanti-avoidancelaw),andIndia'sSEP(significanteconomicpresence)test,tonamebutafew.Atthesametime,theEuropeanUnion,Spain,Britainandseveralothercountrieshaveallseriouslycontemplateddigitalservicestaxes.

Theseunilateraldevelopmentsdifferintheirspecifics,buttheyarealldesignedtotaxmultinationalsonincomeandrevenuethatcountriesbelievetheyshouldhavearighttotax,evenifinternationaltaxrulesdonotgrantthemthatright.Inotherwords,theyallshareaviewthattheinternationaltaxsystemhasfailedtokeepupwiththecurrenteconomy.

Inresponsetothesemanyunilateralmeasures,theOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)iscurrentlyworkingwith131countriestoreachaconsensusbytheendof2020onaninternationalsolution.BothFranceandtheUnitedStatesareinvolvedintheorganization'swork,butFrance'sdigitalservicestaxandtheAmericanresponseraisequestionsaboutwhatthefutureholdsfortheinternationaltaxsystem.

France'splannedtaxisaclearwarning:Unlessabroadconsensuscanbereachedonreformingtheinternationaltaxsystem,othernationsarelikelytofollowsuit,andAmericancompanieswillfaceacascadeofdifferenttaxesfromdozensofnationsthatwillproveburdensomeandcostly.

1.TheFrenchSenatehaspassedabillto（

）.

2.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph2thatthedigitalservicestax（

）.

3.Thecountriesadoptingtheunilateralmeasuressharetheopinionthat（

）.

4.ItcanbelearnedfromPara5thattheOECO'scurrentwork（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthistext?

問題1選項

A.regulatedigitalservicesplatforms

B.protectFrenchcompanies'interests

C.imposealevyontechmultinationals

D.curbtheinfluenceofadvertising

問題2選項

A.maytriggercountermeasuresagainstFrance

B.isapttoarousecriticismathomeandabroad

C.aimstoeaseinternationaltradetensions

D.willpromptthetechgiantstoquitFrance

問題3選項

A.redistributionoftechgiants'revenuemustbeensured

B.thecurrentinternationaltaxsystemneedsupgrading

C.techmultinationals'monopolyshouldbeprevented

D.allcountriesoughttoenjoyequaltaxingrights

問題4選項

A.isbeingresistedbyUScompanies

B.needstobereadjustedimmediately

C.isfacedwithuncertainprospects

D.needstoininvolvemorecountries

問題5選項

A.FranceIsConfrontedwithTradeSanctions

B.FranceleadsthechargeonDigitalTax

C.FranceSays"NO"toTechMultinationals

D.FranceDemandsaRoleintheDigitalEconomy

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節題。根據題干直接定位到第一段第一句話adigitalservicestax,whichwouldimposeanentirelynewtaxonlargemultinationalsthatprovidedigitalservices...選項C中的“levy”和“tax”同義復現；“techmultinationals”和“digitalservices”同義復現。因此C為正確答案，其余選項均未體現。

2.推斷題。根據題干定位到第二段，第二段第二句話：這已經引起了巨大的反抗，反過來也會導致針對法國的貿易制裁，和選項A相一致，其中選項中的“trigger”和原文的“leadto”同義復現，“sanction”和“countermeasure”同義復現。其余選項均未體現。

3.細節題。根據題干定位到第四段最后一句話：他們都認為國際稅收體系并未跟上當前經濟形勢。選項B“目前的國際稅收體系需要升級”是該句話的反義復現。其余選項均為體現。

4.細節題。根據題干定位到第五段最后一句話：對于國際稅收體系的未來充滿疑慮和選項C相一致。其中選項中的“uncertain”和原文中的“raisequestions”同義復現，“prospects”和原文中的“future”同義復現。

5.主旨題。題干中的title為標題題的信息，所以此題考查的是文章的主旨大意。B選項里的tax是貫穿全文的主旨詞；而文章以法國對數字服務征稅為起點，全文描寫了包括法國在內的其他國家對全球稅收系統的擔憂，因此選項B和文章的主旨相符合。剩余選項均未能體現文章關鍵詞和全文主旨。

11.問答題

TheUSadministrationhasswitchedhesitancyforpopulisminproposingsizeandactivitylimitsonAmerica'slargestbanks.Whiledetailsarestillmissing,possiblybecausenoonereallyknowshowtoimplementsizelimitsorcurbsonproprietarytrading,theintentisclear—bankersmustpay.Itishardtohavemuchsympathyforthebankers,whohavebroughtthepublic'sireonthemselvesthroughincompetenceandthenthroughanoutrageoushastetopaythemselves.Yetoutrageisapoorguidetopublicpolicy.Beyondbeingpunitive,willtheadministration'sproposalshelpreducefinancialsystemrisk?

Considersizelimitfirst.Theideaistoensureinstitutionsarenolongertoobigtofail.Buthowtodefinesize?Whetheryouuseassets,capitalorprofitstherewillbeproblems—bankswilltrytoeconomizeonwhatevermeasureislimited.Crudeassetsizelimits,forexample,wouldprobablyensurealotoffinancialactivityishiddenfromtheregulator,onlytocomebacktolight(andtobalancesheets)attheworstoftimes.Therearemanylegalwaystomasksize.Bankscanofferguaranteestoassetsplacedinoff-balancesheetvehicles,muchliketheconduitsoftherecentcrisis.If,instead,capitalisthemeasure,thenwewillbepushingbankstoeconomizeonitasmuchaspossible,hardlyarecipeforsafety.Andifitisprofits,wewillbeinvitinghealthybankstoparkprofitselsewhere,whilerewardingsicklyonesbyallowingthemtoexpandindefinitely.

Evenifwedosettleonadefinition,itisnotclearthatbeinglargeisnecessaryorsufficientforanentitytobeasystemicrisk.BearStemswouldnotbe"large"bymostcalculations,thoughitwasconsideredconnectedenoughtobesaved.ButVanguard,themutualfundgroup,managesmorethan$l,000bninassetsandwouldprobablynotqualifyassystemic.Notalllargefinancialentitiesareequallytroubling;wouldweincludethemutualfundsoperatedbyabankinitssize?

Also,beingbighasitsvirtues.Somelargerbanksarebetteratdiversifyingandattractingmanagerialtalent(includingriskmanagers).Whileapoorlymanaged$2,000bnbankcreatesimmenseproblemsforthesystem,theproblemscouldbeevengreaterwith100banksof$20bninsize,eachofwhichhastakensimilarrisks.Whatisimportantisnotsizepersebuttheconcentrationandcorrectionofriskinthesystemaswellasthesizeofexposurerelativetocapital.

Insteadofimposingablanketbanoninstitutionsgrowingbeyondacertainsize,regulatorsshouldusemoresubtlemechanismssuchasprohibitingmergersoflargebanksorencouragingthebreak-upoflargebanksthatseemtohaveapropensityforgettingintotrouble.Whiletherearealwaysconcernsaboutwhetherregulatorswillusethesesortsofpowersarbitrarily,theyarenomoredifficultforlegislatorsandcourtstooverseethanarepowersbasedonanti-competitiveconsiderations.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.HowdoesthepublicthinkofbigbanksintheUS?Why?

3.Whatisthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?

4.WhatdoestheexampleofBearStemsshow?

5.Whatdoesthephrase"largebanksthatseemtohaveapropensityforgettingintotrouble"meaninthelastparagraph?

【答案】1.ImplementingsizelimitsonAmerica’slargestbanksisnotthepropersolutiontofinancialrisk.

2.Itishardtohavemuchsympathyforthebankers,becausetheyhavebroughtthepublic'sireonthemselvesthroughincompetenceandthenthroughanoutrageoushastetopaythemselves.

3.Itisnotclearthatbeinglargeisnecessaryorsufficientforanentitytobeasystemicrisk.

4.Crudeassetsizelimits,forexample,wouldprobablyensurealotoffinancialactivityishiddenfromtheregulator,onlytocomebacktolight(andtobalancesheets)attheworstoftimes,becausetherearemanylegalwaystomasksize.

5.Largebanksaremorelikelytogetintotroubleovertheirassetsmanagement.

12.單選題

Wearemeanttolivedangerouslyandshouldnotbesheltered.Lifeisaperilousadventure;itsrichnessisinits（

）.

問題1選項

A.hazards

B.security

C.peace

D.length

【答案】A

【解析】句意:人生來就是要去冒險的,而不應該生活在庇護之下;生命就是一場危機四伏的冒險,它的豐富多彩就在于它的危險。選項A符合句意。

13.單選題

Healwaystakesprideinhiswork.Heisvery______.

問題1選項

A.humble

B.devoted

C.respective

D.formal

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項humble“謙遜的，虛心的”；B選項devoted“忠誠的，全心全意的”；C選項respective“分別的，各自的”；D選項formal“適合正式場合的；正規的”。句意：他總是為自己的工作感到自豪。他非常______。根據語境，這里指的是他很投入于自己的工作，為自己的工作感到自豪，B選項devoted“忠誠的，全心全意的”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

14.單選題

Thefillingstation（）becausethereweretoomanyothersonthestreet.

問題1選項

A.wentunder

B.wentthrough

C.fellout

D.fellthrough

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項gounder“破產，屈服”；B選項gothrough“參加，經受，仔細檢查，通過”；C選項fellout“爭吵”；D選項fellthrough“未能實現”。句意：這個加油站破產了，因為街上還有很多其他的加油站。選項A符合語境。

15.單選題

DespiteDenmark'smanifestvirtues,DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes.ThiswouldsoundweirdinDanish.WhenDanestalktoforeignersaboutDenmark,theyalwaysbeginbycommentingonitstininess,itsunimportance,thedifficultyofitslanguage,thegeneralsmall-mindednessandselfindulgenceoftheircountrymenandthehightaxes.NoDanewouldlookyouintheeyeandsay’’Denmarkisagreatcountry."You’resupposedtofigurethisoutofyourself.

Itisthelandofthesilksafetynet,wherealmosthalfthenationalbudgetgoestowardsmoothingoutlife’sinequalities,andthereisplentyofmoneyforschools,daycare,retrainingprograms,jobseminars—Danesloveseminars:threedaysatastudycenterhearingaboutwastemanagementisalmostasgoodasaskitrip.ItisaculturebombardedbyEnglish,inadvertising,popmusic,theInternet,anddespitealltheEnglishthatDanishabsorbs―thereisnoDanishAcademytodefendagainstit—olddialectspersistinJutlandthatcanbarelybeunderstoodbyCopenhageners.Itisthelandwhere,asthesayinggoes,"Fewhavetoomuchandfewerhavetoolittle,"andaforeignerisstruckbythesweetegalitarianismthatprevails,wherethelowliestclerkgivesyoualevelgaze,whereSirandMadamhavedisappearedfromcommonusage,evenMr.andMrs.It’sanationofrecycles-about55%ofDanishgarbagegetsmadeintosomethingnew―andnonuclearpowerplants.It’sanationoftirelessplanners.Trainsrunontime.Thingsoperatewellingeneral.

Suchanationofoverachievers~abrochurefromtheMinistryofBusinessandIndustrysays,"Denmarkisoneoftheworld’scleanestandmostorganizedcountries,withvirtuallynopollution,crime,orpoverty.Denmarkisthemostcorruption-freesocietyintheNorthernHemisphere."So,ofcourse,one'sheartliftsatanysightingofDanishsleaze:skinheadgraffitionbuildings("ForeignersOutofDenmark!")，brokenbeerbottlesinthegutters,drunkenteenagersslumpedinthepark.

Nonetheless,itisanorderlyland.YoudrivethroughaDanishtown,itcomestoanendatastonewall,andontheothersideisafieldofbarley,anicecleanline:townhere,countrythere.Itisnotanationofjaywalkers.Peoplestandonthecurbandwaitfortheredlighttochange,evenifit’s2a.m.andthere’snotacarinsight.However,Danesdon'tthinkofthemselvesasawaiting-at-a-a.m.-for-the-green-lightpeople—that’showtheyseeSwedesandGermans.Danesseethemselvesasjazzypeople,improvisers,morefreespiritedthanSwedes,butthetruthis(thoughoneshouldnotsayit)thatDanesareverymuchlikeGermansandSwedes.Orderlinessisamainsellingpoint.Denmarkhasfewnaturalresources，limitedmanufacturingcapability;itsfutureinEuropewillbeasabroker,banker,anddistributorofgoods.YousendyourgoodsbycontainershiptoCopenhagen,andthesebright,young,English-speaking,utterlyhonest,highlydisciplinedpeoplewillgetyourgoodsaroundtoScandinavia,theBalticStates,andRussia.Airports,seaports,highways,andraillinesareultramodernandwell-maintained.

Theorderlinessofthesocietydoesn’tmeanthatDanishlivesarelessmessyorlonelythanyoursormines,andnoDanewouldtellyouso.Youcanhearplentyaboutbitterfamilyfeudsandthesorrowsofalcoholismandaboutperfectlysensiblepeoplewhowentoffonedayandkilledthemselves.Anorderlysocietycannotexemptitsmembersfromthehazardsoflife.

ButthereisasenseofentitlementandsecuritythatDanesgrowupwith.Certainthingsareyoursbyvirtueofcitizenship,andyoushouldn’tfeelbadfortakingwhatyou'reentitledto,you'reasgoodasanyoneelse.Therulesofthewelfaresystemarecleartoeveryone,thebenefitsyougetifyouloseyourjob,thestepsyoutaketogetanewone;andtheorderlinessofthesystemmakesitpossibleforthecountrytowhetherhighunemploymentandsocialunrestwithoutasenseofcrisis.

1.TheauthorthinksthatDanesadoptaattitudetowardstheircountry（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaDanishcharacteristiccitedinthepassage?

3.Theauthor'sreactiontothestatementbytheMinistryofBusinessandIndustryis（

）

4.Accordingtothepassage,Danishorderliness（

）.

5.AttheendofthepassagetheauthorstatesallthefollowingEXCEPTthat（

）

問題1選項

A.boastful

B.modest

C.deprecating

D.mysterious

問題2選項

A.Fondnessofforeign.

B.Equalityinsociety.

C.Linguistictolerance.

D.Persistentplanning.

問題3選項

A.disapproving

B.approving

C.noncommittal

D.doubtful

問題4選項

A.setsthepeopleapartfromGermanandSwedes

B.sparesDanessocialtroublesbesettingotherpeople

C.isconsideredeconomicallyessentialtothecountry

D.preventsDanesfromacknowledgingexistingtroubles

問題5選項

A.Danesareclearlyinformedoftheirsocialbenefits

B.Danestakeforgrantedwhatisgiventothem

C.th