濟南市2021屆高三上學期期末考試英語試題第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AEducatoroftheYearContestDoyouknowanoutstandingjuniorhighorhighschoolteacher,coach,guidanceadvisor,librarian,orheadmaster?Nominate（提名）thatspecialpersonyou'llalwaysrememberandgivehim/herthechancetoberecognizedinTeenink!GuidelinesThenationalmagazinewillonlyconsideressayswrittenbyteens,andnominationsmustbeforjuniorhighorhighschooleducatorsonly.Primaryschooleducatorsarenotincluded.Convinceusyournomineeisspecial.Tellusabouthisorherstyleofteaching,involvementinschoolactivities,andcommunityservice.Whathasyoureducatordonefortheentireschool,yourclass,foryouoranotherstudent?Giveexampleswithspecificdetails.Keepyouressaybetween200and1,000words.Includethefirstandlast,name,position,andschoolofyoureducator.Submitentriesthroughourwebsite.Seeoursubmissionguidelinesformoreinformation.PrizesCashawardswillbegiventoeducatorsfromacrossthecountryhonoredasTeenInkEducatorso￡theYear.WinningessaysarepublishedinTeeninkmagazine.DeadlinesThedeadlineforsubmittingEducatoroftheYearessaysfor2021isMay1,2021.EntriesareacceptedandconsideredforpublicationinTeenInkmagazinethroughouttheyear.WinnerswillbeinformedaftertheJuneissueispublished.Whocanberecommendedforthecontest?Anationalvolunteer.Acommunityeducator.C.Aprimaryschoolteacher.D.Ahighschoolheadmaster.Whatistherequirementfortheessay?Itcoversatleast100words.ItistobesubmittedafterMay.Itshouldincludespecificdetails.Itmustbewrittenbyacandidate.Whatwilltheessaywinnersget?Alargesumofcashmoney.Achancetopublishtheiressays.Thebigprizefromtheirschool.ThehonorofEducatoroftheYear.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇應用文，本文主要介紹了“年度教育者大賽”的相關事項。【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) Guidelines第一段中“nominationsmustbeforjuniorhighorhighschooleducatorsonly.Primaryschooleducatorsarenotincluded.”（提名必須僅針對初中或高中教育者。不包括小學教育者。）可知提名必須僅針對初中或高中教育者。D選項Ahighschoolheadmaster高中校長符合題意。故選D項。【2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Guidelines第二段中“Convinceusyournomineeisspecial.Tellusabouthisorherstyleofteaching,involvementinschoolactivities,andcommunityservice.Whathasyoureducatordonefortheentireschool,yourclass,foryouoranother student?Giveexampleswithspecificdetails.”（說服我們，你的提名人很特別。告訴我們他或她的教學風格，參與學校活動和社區(qū)服務。教育者為整個學校，班級，你或其他學生做了什么？舉例說明具體細節(jié)。）可知對于文章的要求是要包括具體細節(jié)。故選C項。【3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Prizes中“WinningessaysarepublishedinTeeninkmagazine.”（獲獎論文發(fā)表在《Teenink》雜志上）可知勝出者文章會有機會被發(fā)表。故選B項。點睛】BCory,aged30,wasdiagnosedwithspinalmuscularatrophy（脊髓性肌萎縮癥）ataveryyoungage.Becauseofhiscondition,hebeganusingawheelchairatage4.Hismother,SandyGilbreath,raisedhimasasingleparent.Althoughtakingcareofachildwithadisabilitywaschallenging,sheensuredthatCorydidn'tmissoutonthefunthingsinlife.Sandytookhimonroadtripsduringsummerbreaksthroughouthischildhood.Theexcitingexperiencesofexploringnewplacesinspiredhimtosetalifelonggoalofvisitingallsevencontinents.Fortunately,CorywasabletodothatjustbeforetheCOVID-19started.HeandhismothertraveledtoAntarcticainFebruary,justbeforethebordersclosed.Itwastheseventhandfinalcontinentoffhislist.Hebecamethefirst-everwheelchairusertovisitallthesevencontinents!AccordingtoCory,travelinginawheelchairrequiresawiderangeofplanningandresearch.Hestartshisresearchsixtotwelvemonthsbeforeeachtrip,makingsurethatthereareaccessibletransportationoptionsinthelocation.Hewouldalsocalluphotelsorrentalhomestoconfirmiftheyaretrulyasaccessibleastheyclaimtobe.WhenCorystartedgoingonadventures,thereweren'tmanyonlineresourcesdiscussingaccessibletravel.Tohelpothertravelerswithdisabilitiesexploretheworldashedoes,hedecidedtosharehisknowledgeinhisblog.Aimingtopromoterepresentationofthewheelchair-usingcommunity,Coryandhismotherwroteachildren'sbook,titledLet'sExplorewithCorCor,whichisaboutaboywhotravelsaroundtheworldinhispoweredwheelchair.Travelingtoallsevencontinentswasn'tsomethingIwassurewasgoingtobepossible,"hesaid."Butifyoustaydeterminedandkeepapositiveattitude,theopportunitiesarelimitless."WhatmadeCoryLeedecidetovisitallsevencontinents?Hismother'sexpectation.Histravellingexperiences.Hisdreamofhelpingothers.Hisobjectiveofmakingahistory.WhatworriesCorymostaboutatrip?Rentalfees.Localattractions.Accommodation.Transportation.WhydidCoryandhismotherwritethebook?A.ToenrichonlineresourcesTorecordtravellingevents.Tohelppeoplewithspecialneeds.Tointroducewheelchairadventures.WhatcanwelearnfromCory'sstory?NothingcanpreventadeterminedheartDisabilitycanturnintoanopportunity,C.Travellingshapesapositiveattitude.D.Momisthecreatorofchildren'sdreams【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.A【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了，從小被診斷為脊髓性肌萎縮癥的科里在媽媽的愛護下坐輪椅游覽了七大洲，他決定在博客上分享他的旅行知識，幫助其他殘疾旅行者像他一樣探索世界。【4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“Sandytookhimonroadtripsduringsummerbreaksthroughouthischildhood.Theexcitingexperiencesofexploringnewplacesinspiredhimtosetalifelonggoalofvisitingallsevencontinent”.（桑迪（媽媽）在他童年的暑假里帶他去公路旅行。探索新地方的激動人心的經(jīng)歷激勵他樹立了一個終生的目標：游覽所有七大洲。），可知是科里童年時，媽媽帶他去公路旅行的經(jīng)歷讓他下定決心訪問所有七大洲。故選B項。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。由第三段中的“AccordingtoCory,travelinginawheelchairrequiresawiderangeofplanningandresearch.Hestartshisresearchsixtotwelvemonthsbeforeeachtrip,makingsurethatthereareaccessibletransportationoptionsinthelocation.”（科里認為，坐輪椅旅行需要進行廣泛的規(guī)劃和研究。他在每次旅行前的六到十二個月開始他的研究，確保在這個地方有方便的交通選擇。），可知科里因為身體原因要坐輪椅旅行，所以在每次旅行前他研究要去的地方有沒有方便的交通選擇，可得出科里旅行時最擔心的是交通問題。故選D項。【6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“Aimingtopromoterepresentationofthewheelchair-usingcommunity,Coryandhismotherwroteachildren'sbook,titledLet'sExplorewithCorCor,whichisaboutaboywhotravelsaroundtheworldinhispoweredwheelchair.（為了促進輪椅使用社區(qū)的代表性，科里和他的母親寫了一本兒童讀物，名為《讓我們和CorCor一起探索》，這本書講述了一個男孩坐著電動輪椅環(huán)游世界的故事。），可知是為了促進輪椅使用社區(qū)的代表性，即為了幫助有特殊需要的人（坐輪椅的人），科里和他媽媽才寫書分享經(jīng)歷的。故選C項。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。由第一段中的“Cory,aged30,wasdiagnosedwithspinalmuscularatrophy（脊髓性肌萎縮癥）ataveryyoungage.Becauseofhiscondition,hebeganusingawheelchairatage4.（科里今年30歲，在很小的時候就被診斷為脊髓性肌萎縮癥。因為他的身體狀況，他從4歲開始使用輪椅。），第二段中的“Hebecamethefirst-everwheelchairusertovisitallthesevencontinents”（他成為有史以來第一個訪問所有七大洲的輪椅使用者！）和最后一段“Travelingtoallsevencontinentswasn'tsomethingIwassurewasgoingtobepossible,"hesaid."Butifyoustaydeterminedandkeepapositiveattitude,theopportunitiesarelimitless."”（他說：“去所有七大洲旅行并不是我能確定的事。”但如果你保持堅定和積極的態(tài)度，機會是無限的。”），可知科里從小坐輪椅，但因為保持著堅定和積極的態(tài)度，他才能完成游覽所有七大洲的目標，可得出即使殘疾，堅定的心也能幫助人們實現(xiàn)夢想，所以沒有什么能阻止一顆堅定的心。故選A項。CDoyoulikethewoollymammothsfromthemovieIceAge?Toobadthey'reextinct?Thankstorecentdevelopmentsinbiotechnology,thestuffofsciencefictionmaysoonbecomearealitythroughanattractiveprocesscalled"de-extinction",whichaimstobringtheextinctspeciesback.Theresurrectedspeciesarefunctionallyequaltotheoriginalextinctspecies,buttheyarenotexactcopies.Therearethreeprimarytechniquesofde-extinction.Oneofthemisthatscientistsdeliberatelyselectexistingspecieswithsimilarcharacterstotheextinctspeciestoproducelatergeneration.Thisisanaturalmethod.Anotheriscloning.AclonedanimaliscreatedbyobtainingtheDNAoftheextinctanimal.Thelatergenerationwillbeanidenticalcopyoftheextinctspecies.Thisisonlyappliedtoanimalsthatareeitherendangeredorhaverecentlygoneextinct,asitrequireswell-preservedeggs.Thethirdisthenewesttechnique,geneticengineering.Itusesgene-editingtoolstoplaceselectedgenesfromextinctanimalsinplaceofthosepresentinitsclosestlivingrelative.IfwerefertoJurassicPark,resurrectingextinctanimalsisaterribleidea.Thankfully,wedon'thavetoworryaboutdinosaursrunningwildly,astheirDNAhadisintegratedoverthe65millionyearssincetheirextinction.DNAcansurviveforseveralmillionyearsatbestundercertainrareconditions,butdoesthatmeanweshoulddothat?De-extinctionismoreforecologythanfortourism.EcologistBenNovaksaid,“Allanimalsperformcriticalrolesintheirecosystem.Woollymammoths,forexample,wereexcellentgardeners.TheirdisappearancewasfollowedbyalossindiversityandtheArcticgrasslandbecameacold,icefield.Ifaresurrectedanimalisalways

goingtobeazooanimalthenitshouldn'tbebroughtback.WhydoestheauthormentionthemovieIceAge?A.Torecallthejoyfromthemovie.B.Toleadtheaudienceintothetopic.A.Torecallthejoyfromthemovie.B.Toleadtheaudienceintothetopic.C.Toattractreaders,attentiontothemovie.D.Toshowfunctionsofresurrectinganimals.C.Toattractreaders,attentiontothemovie.D.Toshowfunctionsofresurrectinganimals.Whatismainlydiscussedaboutde-extinctioninParagraph2?A.Itsmainmethods.B.Itswideapplication.A.Itsmainmethods.C.Itscomplexprocedures.D.Itsdistinctcharacteristic.C.Itscomplexprocedures.D.Itsdistinctcharacteristic.Whatcanreplacetheunderlinedword“disintegrated“inParagraph3A.Brokenaway.B.Pickedup.C.Fallenapart.D.Runout.A.Brokenaway.B.Pickedup.C.Fallenapart.D.Runout.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Canwebringextinctanimalsback?B.Doyoulikethewoollymammoths?A.Canwebringextinctanimalsback?B.Doyoulikethewoollymammoths?C.Willdinosaursbeseeninthezoos?D.Shouldwepromotecloningskills?C.Willdinosaursbeseeninthezoos?D.Shouldwepromotecloningskills?【答案】8.B 9.A10.C11.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。由于最近生物技術的發(fā)展，科幻小說中的東西可能很快會變成現(xiàn)實，通過一個吸引人的過程，稱為“反滅絕”，旨在讓滅絕的物種回來。文章介紹了三種主要的反滅絕技術，但是恐龍因為其DNA已經(jīng)分解，無法被復活了，最后文章指出反滅絕更多的是為了生態(tài)，而不是為了旅游。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“DoyoulikethewoollymammothsfromthemovieIceAge?Toobadthey'reextinct?Thankstorecentdevelopmentsinbiotechnology,thestuffofsciencefictionmaysoonbecomearealitythroughanattractiveprocesscalled"de-extinction",whichaimstobringtheextinctspeciesback你喜歡電影《冰河世紀》里的猛犸象嗎？它們滅絕了真是太糟糕了對嗎？由于最近生物技術的發(fā)展，科幻小說中的東西可能很快會變成現(xiàn)實，通過一個吸引人的過程，稱為‘反滅絕"，旨在讓滅絕的物種回來）”可推知，作者提到了電影《冰河世紀》是為了引導讀者進入文章主題。故選B。【9題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Therearethreeprimarytechniquesofde-extinction.Oneofthemisthatscientistsdeliberatelyselectexistingspecieswithsimilarcharacterstotheextinctspeciestoproducelatergeneration.Thisisanaturalmethod.Anotheriscloning.AclonedanimaliscreatedbyobtainingtheDNAoftheextinctanimal.Thelatergenerationwillbeanidenticalcopyoftheextinctspecies.Thisisonlyappliedtoanimalsthatareeitherendangeredorhaverecentlygoneextinct,asitrequireswell-preservedeggs.Thethirdisthenewesttechnique,geneticengineering.Itusesgene-editingtoolstoplaceselectedgenesfromextinctanimalsinplaceofthosepresentinitsclosestlivingrelative.（有三種主要的反滅絕技術。其中之一是，科學家故意選擇與滅絕物種具有相似特征的現(xiàn)存物種來繁衍后代。這是一種自然的方法。另一個是克隆。克隆動物是通過獲取滅絕動物WNA而創(chuàng)造出來的。后代將是滅絕物種的一模一樣的復制品。這只適用于瀕臨滅絕或最近滅絕的動物，因為這需要保存完好的卵子。第三種是最新的技術，基因工程。它使用基因編輯工具，將已滅絕動物的基因選擇出來，取代現(xiàn)存動物近親的基因）”可知，第二段主要討論了反滅絕的主要方法。故選A。【10題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Thankfully,wedon'thavetoworryaboutdinosaursrunningwild”以及后文“DNAcansurviveforseveralmillionyearsatbestundercertainrareconditions,butdoesthatmeanweshoulddothat?(在某些罕見的條件下，DNA最多只能存活幾百萬年，但這是否意味著我們也應該這樣做呢？）”可知，值得慶幸的是，我們不必擔心恐龍會亂跑，因為自從它們滅絕以來，它們的DNA已經(jīng)在6500萬年的時間里分解了。故劃線詞意思為“分解”。A.Brokenaway脫離；B.Pickedup.撿起；C.Fallenapart.分解；D.Runout.耗盡。故選C。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thankstorecentdevelopmentsinbiotechnology,thestuffofsciencefictionmaysoonbecomearealitythroughanattractiveprocesscalled"de-extinction",whichaimstobringtheextinctspeciesback.(于最近生物技術的發(fā)展，科幻小說中的東西可能很快會變成現(xiàn)實，通過一個吸引人的過程，稱為'反滅絕”，旨在讓滅絕的物種回來）”結合文章介紹了三種主要的反滅絕技術，但是恐龍因為其DNA已經(jīng)分解，無法被復活了，最后文章指出反滅絕更多的是為了生態(tài)，而不是為了旅游。可知，A選項“我們能讓滅絕的動物復活嗎？”最適合作文章標題。故選A。Wealreadyknowthatsaltcanleadtoheartdisease.Butcoulditalsoaffectourmind?Scientistsfoundthatahigh-saltdietcausedcognitiveimpairmentsinmice?anditcouldproducethesameeffectonhumans.CostantinoIadecola,directoroftheFeilFamilyBrainandMindResearchtheInstitute,saidtheyfedthemiceeighttosixteentimestheirnormalsaltintakeandthentestedthemice.Afteraboutthreemonths,themicehadabigchangeintheirbehavior.Miceareverycurious,andtheyliketolookfornewthings.However,thetestedmicelosttheabilitytoidentifyanormalobject.Whenthemicewereputintheircageandaskedtofindaquietspot,theydidnotrememberwherethequietspotwas.Thenwhenthemicewerebuildinganest,whichissomethingthemicedodaily,they,wereunabletodoso.Theresearchsuggestedhumanswouldexperienceasimilarresponse.StudieshaveshownAustralianseatarounddoubletherecommendedamountofsalteachday,mostofitcoming

fromprocessedfood.Dr.LadecolasaidtheestimatedtwoteaspoonsofsalttheaverageAustralianeatseachdaycouldaffectthebrainfunctioninthelongterm.However,thedeclinemightnotbeasobviousasinthemice,whoweregivenextremelyhighlevelsofsalt."Butprobablyoveryearsandperhapsdecades-asopposedtoafewmonthsforthemouse-evenlowerlevelsofsaltmayhaveaterribleeffect,"Drladecolasaid.“Highlevelsofsaltcauseseriousimmunechangesintheorgansinandaroundthestomach,resultinginanalmostautoimmuneeffectonthebrain.Itispartofagrowingbodyofevidencethatwereallyarewhatweeat,“BryceVissel,directoroftheCentreforNeuroscienceattheUniversityofTechnologySydney,said."Thosechangesinturncauseallsortsofresponsesinthebody,whichovertimecertainlycontributetocognitiveimpairments."Whichcandescribethetestedmice?A.Theyremainedquietallday.Whichcandescribethetestedmice?A.Theyremainedquietallday.C.Theyforgotsomeroutinethings.WhatdoweknowaboutAustralians?A.Theyignorehealthadvice.C.Theydislikeprocessedfood.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlyfocuson?A.StudiescarriedoutbyBryceVissel.C.Effectsofdailydietsonhumanbehaviors.Whatdoesthetextsuggest?Brainhealthcountsmuch.C.Low-saltdietistobeadvocated.【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.CTheybecamesmarterthanever.D.Theywerequickatfindingobjects.B.Theyhaveahigher-saltdiet.D.Theyvaluetheirbrainhealth.B.Immunechangesbroughtaboutbysalt.D.Linksbetweensaltintakeandbraindamage.B.Thebodynevertellsalie.D.Heartdiseasescanbeprevented.【解析】這是一篇說明文。科學家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，高鹽飲食會導致老鼠的認知障礙，對人類也會產生同樣的影響。文章介紹了這項研究開展的過程以及發(fā)現(xiàn)，研究表明，澳大利亞人每天攝入的鹽大約是推薦量的兩倍，其中大部分來自加工食品，指出高鹽飲食會導致認知障礙，提倡低鹽飲食。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“However,thetestedmicelosttheabilitytoidentifyanormalobject.Whenthemicewereputintheircageandaskedtofindaquietspot,theydidnotrememberwherethequietspotwas.Thenwhenthemicewerebuildinganest,whichissomethingthemicedodaily,they,wereunabletodo$。.（然而，被測試的老鼠失去了識別正常物體的能力。當老鼠被關進籠子，被要求找一個安靜的地方時，它們不記得安靜的地方在哪里。然后，當老鼠在筑巢時——這是老鼠每天都要做的事情一它們無法這樣做了）”可推知，被測試的老鼠忘記了一些日常的事情。故選C。【13題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“StudieshaveshownAustralianseatarounddoubletherecommendedamountofsalteachday,mostofitcomingfromprocessedfood.Dr.LadecolasaidtheestimatedtwoteaspoonsofsalttheaverageAustralianeatseachdaycouldaffectthebrainfunctioninthelongterm.（研究表明，澳大利亞人每天攝入的鹽大約是推薦量的兩倍，其中大部分來自加工食品。Ladecola博士說，澳大利亞人平均每天攝入兩茶匙的鹽，長期來看可能會影響大腦功能）”可知，澳大利亞人的飲食含鹽量高。故選B。【14題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段““Highlevelsofsaltcauseseriousimmunechangesintheorgansinandaroundthestomach,resultinginanalmostautoimmuneeffectonthebrain.Itispartofagrowingbodyofevidencethatwereallyarewhatweeat,“BryceVissel,directoroftheCentreforNeuroscienceattheUniversityofTechnologySydney,said."Thosechangesinturncauseallsortsofresponsesinthebody,whichovertimecertainlycontributetocognitiveimpairments.”^尼科技大學神經(jīng)科學中心主任BryceVissel說：“高濃度的鹽會導致胃內外器官嚴重的免疫變化，幾乎會對大腦產生自身免疫效應。有越來越多的證據(jù)表明，吃什么決定人的性格，這是其中的一部分。這些變化反過來會引起身體的各種反應，久而久之肯定會導致認知障礙。”廣可知，最后一段主要講了鹽攝入和腦損傷之間的聯(lián)系。故選D。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Scientistsfoundthatahigh-saltdietcausedcognitiveimpairmentsinmice?anditcouldproducethesameeffectonhumans.（科學家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，高鹽飲食會導致老鼠的認知障礙，對人類也會產生同樣的影響）”結合文章介紹了這項研究開展的過程以及發(fā)現(xiàn)，研究表明，澳大利亞人每天攝入的鹽大約是推薦量的兩倍，其中大部分來自加工食品，指出高鹽飲食會導致認知障礙，提倡低鹽飲食。可推知，文章提倡低鹽飲食。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項.Criticalthinkingmeansabsorbingimportantinformationandusingthattoformadecisionoropinionofyourown.16Butluckily,it'ssomethingyoucantrainyourselftodobetter.Oneofthemostimportantpartsofthinkingcriticallyislearningwhatdetailsmatter.We'reexposedtosomuchinformationandsomanydifferentopinionseverydaythatit'sreallyeasytogetlostinthedetails.17Knowingwhichdetailsmatteristhefirstpartofcriticalthinking,butit'sprettyuselessifyoudon'tknowwhattypesofquestionstoasknext.18It'simportanttoalwaysaskyourselfwhysomethingisimportantandhowitconnectstothingsyoualreadyknow.Asyoudothat,youtrainyourbraintothinkcriticallyaboutmoreinformationyoucomeacross.Aswithanything,ifyouwanttogetgoodatcriticalthinking,youneedtopracticeiteveryday.19Thiscouldbecasualobservationsoranotebookwithopinions,butthepointistowriteeverysingleday.Likewise,participatinginahealthydebatewithfriendsisgreatpractice.20Themoreknowledgeyougain,thebetteryou'llbecomeatthinkingaboutit.Thatdoesn'tmeanthatyoushouldbeconstantlythinkingaboutthinking,buttheendresultisabrainthatautomaticallyformsbetterarguments,focusedideas,andcreativesolutionstoproblems.Criticalthinkingdoesn'tend.Itdoesn'talwayscomenaturallytous.Criticalthinkingcan'tbelearnedinschool.Youshouldquestionalltheprovideddetails.Oneeasywaytodothisistokeepajournalofsomekind.Afterall,thinkingcriticallyandaskingquestionsgohandinhand.Subsequently,weneedtotrainourselvestolearnwhichdetailsmatter.【答案】16.B17.G18.F19.E20.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章向讀者介紹了訓練批判性思維的建議。【16題詳解】由下一句"Butluckily,it'ssomethingyoucantrainyourselftodobetter”（但幸運的是，你可以訓練自己在批判性思維上做得更好。）可知，“But”表轉折，后面講我們可以訓練批判性思維，說明批判性思維需要訓練，不是隨時都有、自然而然出現(xiàn)的，所以我們可以通過訓練得到批判性思維，承接下文，B選項“批判性思維并不總是自然而然地出現(xiàn)在我們身上。”切題。故選B項。【17題詳解】由上兩句“Oneofthemostimportantpartsofthinkingcriticallyislearningwhatdetailsmatter.We'reexposedtosomuchinformationandsomanydifferentopinionseverydaythatit'sreallyeasytogetlostinthedetails.”（批判性思維最重要的部分之一是了解細節(jié)的重要性。我們每天都會接觸到太多的信息和太多不同的意見，很容易迷失在細節(jié)中。）可知，人們每天都會接觸到太多的信息和不同的意見，而批判性思維最重要的部分之一是了解細節(jié)的重要性，所以訓練批判性思維需要去了解哪些細節(jié)是重要的，承接上文，G選項“隨后，我們需10要訓練自己去了解哪些細節(jié)是重要的。”切題。故選G項。【18題詳解】由上一句"Knowingwhichdetailsmatteristhefirstpartofcriticalthinking,butit'sprettyuselessifyoudon'tknowwhattypesofquestionstoasknext”（知道哪些細節(jié)很重要是批判性思維的第一部分，但是如果你不知道下一步要問什么類型的問題，那就沒用了。）可知，只知道批判性思維中的哪些細節(jié)很重要，但不會提問，那也沒用，說明批判性思考和提問都很重要、相輔相成，承接上文，F(xiàn)選項“畢竟，批判性思考和提問是相輔相成的。”切題。故選F項。【19題詳解】由上一句"Aswithanything,ifyouwanttogetgoodatcriticalthinking,youneedtopracticeiteveryday.（和任何事情一樣，如果你想擅長批判性思維，你需要每天練習。）和下一句"Thiscouldbecasualobservationsoranotebookwithopinions,butthepointistowriteeverysingleday.（這可以是一個隨意的觀察，也可以是一個有意見的筆記本，但關鍵是每天都要寫。）可知，批判性思維需要每天練習，可以是一個有意見的筆記本，說明作者建議讀者每天記日記來訓練批判性思維，承接上下文，E選項“一個簡單的方法就是記日記。”切題。故選E項。【20題詳解】本處是段落總結。由下一句"Themoreknowledgeyougain,thebetteryou'llbecomeatthinkingaboutit."（你獲得的知識越多，你就越善于思考。）可知，學的越多就越善于思考，說明批判性思維的學習是無止境的、不會結束，越學越有用，承接下文，A選項“批判性思維不會結束。”切題。故選A項。第二部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分3。分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Whatifeveryoneintheworldwasexactlyalike?Theworldwouldbeextremely21Ibelieveit'simportantto22peopleforwhotheyare.23. .areimportantandtheyshouldberespected.Manypeoplethroughouthistory,likeAlbertEinsteinandThomasEdison,didgreatthings,butwere24strange,becausetheyhadstrongfeelingsaboutsomething.Ican25tothesepeople,becauseI'vebeeninthatsituationbefore.ItallstartedinelementaryschoolwhenI26thatIwasn'tlikeeveryoneelse.Igrewcrazyaboutcertainsubjects.27 ,thesesubjectsdidn'tinterestotherkidsandmyteachers.28 ,mykindergartenteachersaidshewouldscreamatmeifI29snakesormiceonemoretime,whileshewasteachingthedaysoftheweek.Iwouldgetintroublefornot30attention,andotherkidsbegantolaughatme.Imightbedifferent,becauseIhavedifferent31thanotherteenagers,butthatdoesn,tgivethemtheright

tobeso32tome.SomekidsmakefunofmeforlikingwhatIlikethemost.Peoplealsomakefunofmefor33factsaboutvolcanoes,whales,andmanyotherscientificthings.Mymomsaysthatshehasbeenabletobewellinformedbyjustlisteningtome,butEveevenbeen34forbeingsmart.SometimesIwishIwerelikeeveryoneelse,butnot35,becauseIbelievepeople,shouldberespectedforbeingdifferent,andwe'realldifferentinourownways.21.A.complexB.harmoniousC.fantasticD. boring22.A.trustB.praiseC.acceptD.compare23.A.AbilitiesB.DifferencesC.EffortsD.Beliefs24.A.provedB.declaredC.foundD.considered25.A.relateB.returnC.apologizeD.respond26.A.imaginedB.realizedC.hopedD.remembered27.A.ThankfullyB.ImpossiblyC.ApparentlyD.Unfortunately28.A.ByaccidentB.InreturnC.InfactD.Atmost29.A.mentionedB.attackedC.countedD.threw30.A.attractingB.focusingC.escapingD.controlling31.A.aimsB.futuresC.emotionsD.interests32.A.meanB.sensitiveC.attentiveD.blind33.A.creatingB.forgettingC.knowingD.ignoring34.A.misunderstoodB.evaluatedC.testedD.tolerated35.A.clearlyB.eagerlyC.seriouslyD.really【答案】21.D 22.CD32.A33.C23.B24.D34.A35.D25.A26.B27.D28.C29.A30.B31.【解析】【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過講述了自己所遭遇的經(jīng)歷想告訴讀者，每個人都應該因為與眾不同而受到尊重，我們每個人都有自己的不同之處。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：世界將變得非常無聊。A.complex復雜的；B.harmonious和諧的；C.fantastic奇幻的；D.boring令人無聊的。根據(jù)上文“Whatifeveryoneintheworldwasexactly矢曲世界上”如果每12個人都一樣，那么這個世界一定很無聊。故選D項。【22題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我相信接受別人的本來面目很重要。A.trust相信；B.praise贊美；C.accept接受；D.compare相比。根據(jù)上文可知，世界上如果每個人都一樣，那么這個世界一定很無聊。所以作者相信接受別人的本來面目很重要。故選C項。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：差異很重要，應該受到尊重。A.Abilities能力；B.Differences差異；C.Efforts努力；D.Beliefs信念。根據(jù)前文中“1believeit'simportantto2peopleforwhothey@2”可知差異很重要，應該受到尊重。故選B項。【24題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：歷史上有很多人，比如阿爾伯特愛因斯坦和托馬斯?愛迪生，做了很多偉大的事情，但卻被認為很奇怪，因為他們對某件事有強烈的感情。A.proved證明；B.declared聲明；C.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.considered考慮。根據(jù)轉折連詞but可知，前后句存在轉折關系，前句是講愛因斯坦和愛迪生都做了偉大的貢獻，轉折之后后句應表述為“被認為是奇怪的”。故選D項。【25題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我能和這些人產生共鳴，因為我以前也遇到過這種情況。A.relate關系；B.return返回；C.apologize道歉；D.respond回應。根據(jù)后文“becauseI'vebeeninthatsituationbefore.”可知我曾經(jīng)也經(jīng)歷過這樣的情況，表明我能和這些人產生共鳴。故選A項。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這一切都要從小學開始，那時我意識到我和其他人不一樣。A.imagined想象；B.realized實現(xiàn)；C.hoped希望；D.remembered記住。根據(jù)后文“Igrewcrazyaboutcertainsubjects.thesesubjectsdidn'tinterestotherkidsandmyteachers.”可知我對某些科目很著迷，而這些科目其他學生并不感興趣，這是我意識到自己跟別人與眾不同。故選B項。【27題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：不幸的是，這些科目沒有引起其他孩子和我的老師的興趣。A.Thankfully感謝地；B.Impossibly不可能地；C.Apparently顯然地；D.Unfortunately不幸地是。根據(jù)“hesesubjectsdidn'tinterestotherkidsandmyteachers.”可知，不幸的是，這些科目沒有引起其他孩子和我的老師的興趣。故選D項。【28題詳解】考查固定搭配。句意：實際上，我的幼兒園老師說，如果我在一周中的某些日子里再提蛇或老鼠的話，她會對我大叫。A.Byaccident意外；B.Inreturn反過來；C.Infact事實上；D.Atmost最多。根據(jù)語境翻譯可知，后文“mykindergartenteachersaidshewouldscreamatmeifImentionedsnakesormiceonemoretime”是對前文我對某些科目感興趣的具體解釋，應使用表示強調的介詞短語。故選C項。【29題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：實際上，我的幼兒園老師說，如果我在一周中的某些日子里再提蛇或老鼠的話，她會對我大叫。A.mentioned提及；B.attacked攻擊；C.counted計數(shù)；D.threw扔。根據(jù)后文“snakesormiceonemoretime”可知這些是我感興趣的學科，卻不被大家接受和喜歡，因此老師不希望聽到我提及關于這個學科的內容。故選A項。【30題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我會因為無法聚精會神而惹上麻煩，其他孩子開始嘲笑我。A.ttracting吸引；B.focusing聚焦；C.escaping逃脫；D.controlling控制。根據(jù)“Iwouldgetintroublefornot”以及“attention”可知我會因為無法聚精會神而惹上麻煩。故選B項。【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我可能不一樣，因為我和其他青少年有不同的興趣，但這不代表他們有權對我這么刻薄。A.aims目標;B.futures未來;C.emotions情感;D.interests.興趣。根據(jù)前文“thesesubjectsdidn'tinterestotherkidsandmyteachers”可知我喜歡的學科卻不被大家感興趣和喜歡，表明我和其他青少年的興趣是不同的。故選D項。【32題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我可能不一樣，因為我和其他青少年有不同的興趣，但這不代表他們有權對我這么刻薄。A.mean刻薄的；B.sensitive敏感的；C.attentive專心的；D.blind盲目的。根據(jù)前文“otherkidsbegantolaughatme.”可知其他孩子會笑話我，因為我和他們的興趣不同，但是我認為他們并沒有權利對我如此的刻薄。故選A項。【33題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：人們還因為我解火山，鯨魚和許多其他科學事物的事實而取笑我。A.creating創(chuàng)造；B.forgetting忘記；C.knowing矢口道；D.ignoring忽略。根據(jù)“factsaboutvolcanoes,whales,andmanyotherscientificthings.”可知，人們還因為我解火山，鯨魚和許多其他科學事物的事實而取笑我。故選C項。【34題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我媽媽說，她只要聽我說，就能得到很好的信息，但Eve甚至因聰明而被誤解。A.misunderstood誤解；B.evaluated評估；C.tested測試；口.寬容tolerated。根據(jù)上文“Peoplealsomakefunofmeforknowingfactsaboutvolcanoes,whales,andmanyotherscientificthings.，可知作者因聰明而被誤解。故選A項。【35題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：有時我希望我能像其他人一樣，但不是真的，因為我相信，每個人都應該因為與眾不同而受到尊重，我們每個人都有自己的不同之處。A.clearly明確地；B.eagerly渴望地；C.seriously認真地；D.really真實地。根據(jù)"IwishIwerelikeeveryoneelse”可知，本句為虛擬語氣，有時我希望我能像其他人一樣，但不是真的。故選D項。【點睛】第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。AtZhongshuge,abookstoreandlibraryinYangzhouChina,thebooksgoonforever,oratleast,that's36itlookslike.WhenyouwalkintoZhongshugeyou'resurroundedonallsidesbyendlessbooks.Theyfilltheceiling,walls,andfloor,someeven37(appear)tobechallenginggravity.Howdoesthismagicalbookshopdoit?38architecturalstudiocalledX+LivingdesignedtheinternalstructureofZhongshuge.Theshelves39(arrange)inarcshapes,creatingthetunnel-likeappearance.Theflooriscoveredwithblackmirrors,reflectingtheshelvesaboveandcreatingthevisualeffectthatthebookshelvescontinuedownpasttheflooron40you'restanding.Andthereyouhaveittherowsofbooksneverend.Asitturnsout,thestore'sdesignhasmore41(significant)thanjustfun.Yangzhouisfull42canalsandrivers，andinhistorymanyofChina'sliterarygreats43__(draw)inspirationfromtheflowingwater.X+Living,therefore,integratedthisconceptwithZhongshuge,andtriedtocreatethefeelofbeing 44(complete)involvedina“river“ofbooks.Theyhighlightedthatfeelingwiththezigzagshapeontheceiling,which,45(reflect)onthefloor,“flows“throughoutthestorelikeariver.【答案】36.whatappearingAn39.arearranged40.which41.significance42.of43.drewcompletelyreflected【解析】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是鐘書閣----位于揚州的一家書店兼圖書館。【36題詳解】15考查表語從句。句意：這就是它的樣子。設空處引導從句在句中做表語，從句少指物的賓語。故答案為what。【37題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：你被無數(shù)的書包圍著。它們布滿了天花板、墻壁和地板，有些甚至看起來像是在挑戰(zhàn)重力。設空處在句中做非謂語，和句子的邏輯主語之間是邏輯的主動關系。故答案為appeari