I

RevisionReview

the

phrases

learned

in

lesson

55.II

New

words

&Expressionsovertake

overtook,

overtaken,

overtaking

vt.To

catch

upwith;

draw

even

or

level

with;To

pass

after

catching

up

with;

Tocome

upon

unexpectedly;

take

by

surprise

趕上，追上；和…打成平局，與…不分勝負(fù);超過,追上然后超過;突然侵襲,突然降臨于；意外地碰上eg.

The

car

overtook

the

truck.小汽車超過了大卡車。A

storm

overtook

the

children.孩子們遇到了暴風(fēng)雨。

He

was

overtaken

in

drink他喝醉了。I

was

overtaken

with

terror.我被嚇壞了。The

geopolitical

strategists

were

overtaken

by

events

in

theMiddle

East.地理政治 家們在中東地區(qū)遭遇到很多的意外。II

New

words

&Expressionspredecessor

n.

One

who

precedes

another

in

time,

especiallyin

holding

an

office

or

a

position;Something

that

has

beensucceeded

by

another;An

ancestor;

a

forebear

前任,尤指先于另一人擁有同一職務(wù)或職位的人;原有事物，前身,被取代之物;祖先；祖輩eg.

The

new

building

is

more

spacious

than

its

predecessor.這一新建筑比原先的更寬敞Our

new

doctor

is

much

younger

than

his

predecessor.的新醫(yī)生比他的前任年輕多了。

It

will

share

the

fate

of

its

predecessor.它將 與前者同樣 運(yùn)。我現(xiàn)在的汽車比原來的那輛好得多。My

present

car

is

much

better

than

its

predecessor.的）meadow

n.

草地，草場（人工pasture

n.

草地，牧場（天然的）plain

n.

草原，平原plateau

n.

高原h(huán)ighland

n.

高地，丘陵地帶II

New

words

&

ExpressionsIINew

words&Expressionsoccurrence

n.

The

act

or

an

instance

of

occurring;Something

that

takes

place.發(fā)生的行為或例子;發(fā)生的事情eg.

everyday

occurrencecs

/

daily

occurrences日常發(fā)生的事This

phenomenon

is

of

rare

occurrence.這種現(xiàn)象是少有的這種現(xiàn)象是常有的This

phenomenon

is

of

frequent

occurrence.You

should

make

allowance

for

unfavourable

occurrences.你應(yīng)該留有余地。這只是一個隨機(jī)事件。This

is

just

a

random

occurrence.occurrence

event

incidentn.都含“事件”的意思。occurrence

系常用詞,指“任何發(fā)生的事件”eg.

an

unforeseen

occurrence預(yù)料不到的事event

指“有重要意義的歷史事件”、“重大事件”eg.

Graduation

from

university

is

an

event

in

life.大學(xué)畢業(yè)是人生中的大事。This

is

an

important

event

in

the

year.這是本年度一個重要的事件。The

National

Day

and

the

International

Labour

Day

are

greatevents

in

China.節(jié)和國際勞動節(jié) 是重大的節(jié)日。incident

指“（突發(fā)）事件”,尤指“比較不重要的小事件”eg.

an

ordinary

incident

普通小事The are

connecting

this

incident

with

last

week’sterrorist

bombing.認(rèn)為這次事件和上周的 分子 事件有關(guān)。II

New

words

&Expressionsproportion

n.

A

part

considered

in

relation

to

the

whole;Arelationship

between

things

or

parts

of

things

with

respect

tocomparative

magnitude,

ty,or

degree;A

relationshipbetween ties

such

that

if

one

varies

then

another

variesin

amanner

dependent

on

the

;Agreeable

or

harmoniousrelation

of

parts

within

a

whole;

balance

or

symmetry.部分;比例,;比率;整體中各部分之間協(xié)調(diào)或和諧的關(guān)系；平衡或?qū)ΨQeg.

the

proper

proportion

between

oil

and

vinegar

in

the

dressing做菜時油和醋的適當(dāng)比例This

door

is

narrow

in

proportion

to

its

height.這扇門就其高度的比例而言窄了些。A

large

proportion

of

the

students

were

sick

last

week.上星期大部分學(xué)生病了。the

proportion

of

births

to

the

population人口出生率IINew

words&Expressionsspell

vt.

To

name

or

write

in

order

of

the

letters

constituting(a

word

or

part

of

a

word).To

add

up

to;

signify

拼寫，依次說出或?qū)懗鼋M成（一個字或字的一部分）的字母；導(dǎo)致；意味著eg.

這個詞如何拼法?How

do

you

spell

the

word?Their

unwise

investment

could

spell

financial

ruin.他們所作的不明智的投資可能導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)上的損失拖延招致?lián)p失。Delay

spells

losses.那些烏云意味著下雨。Those

dark

clouds

spell

rain.IINew

words&Expressionsswee adj.

Having

wide-ranging

influence

or

effect;Moving

in

or

as

if

in

a

wide

curve;Indiscriminate;

wholesale;Overwhelming;

complete

全面的,影響和作用廣泛的;大弧度的;不分青紅皂白的；一掃無遺的;籠統(tǒng)的；空泛的;勢不可擋的；徹底的eg.

swee

changes影響廣泛的變化aswee

gesture大幅度揮手動作環(huán)視,掃視aswee

glance籠統(tǒng)的概括generalizationsswee全面勝利asweevictoryIINew

words&Expressionscritical

adj.

Inclined

to

judge

severely

and

findfault.Characterized

by

careful,

exact

evaluation

and

judgment;

Of,relating

to,

or

characteristic

of

critics

or

criticism;

Forming

orhaving

the

nature

of

a

turning

point;

crucial

or

decisive;

Of

orrelating

to

a

medical

crisis;

Being

or

relating

to

a

grave

physicalcondition

especially

of

a

patient.

Indispensable;

essential;

Beingin

or

verging

on

a

state

of

crisis

or

emergency;

Fraught

withdanger

or

risk;

perilous

愛挑剔的;

有判斷的,

評價和判斷細(xì)致的并且確切的;批評的,包含、涉及或代表批評家們的;

形成或具有轉(zhuǎn)折點性質(zhì)的；關(guān)鍵性的,

決定性的;危急的,嚴(yán)重的,

病情急轉(zhuǎn)的;必不可少的；必需的;嚴(yán)重的處于或接近

或緊急狀況的;

充滿的，充滿 的；瀕臨

的critical

adj.eg.

a

criticaleye

挑剔的眼光

critical

opinions

on

this

latest

play有關(guān)這出新劇的評論意見a

critical

thinker有判斷力的思想家an

illness

at

the

critical

stage處于asecond期的疾病e

that

is

critical

to

the

family's

well-being對家庭的安康絕對有必要的第二收入計劃中的必要條件a

critical

element

of

the

plana

critical

shortage

of

food食物嚴(yán)重短缺at

the

critical

moment/juncture在緊要關(guān)頭,在關(guān)鍵時刻重大決定a

critical

decisionIINew

words&Expressionsjuncture

n.

The

act

of

joining

or

the

condition

of

beingjoined.

A

place

where

two

things

are

joined;

a

junction

orjoint.

A

point

in

time,

especially

a

critical

point.

接合，接合的行為；被接合在一起的狀態(tài)；接合點，兩個物體被接合在一起的地方；交接處，接頭；時刻，尤指關(guān)鍵時刻，危急關(guān)頭eg.

an

important

juncture

in

a

man's

career人生歷程中的重要關(guān)頭at

the

critical

juncture在關(guān)鍵時刻,在這個節(jié)骨眼上At

this

juncture

in

our

nation's

affairs,

we

need

firmleadership.國家事務(wù)于此關(guān)鍵時刻,

需要堅強(qiáng)的

。IINew

words&Expressionssubmerge

v.To

place

under

water.To

cover

with

water;inundate.

To

hide

from

view;

obscure.

To

go

under

or

as

ifunder

water.置于水下;浸沒，淹沒;湮沒，湮滅，使沉浸;（好像）潛入水中eg.

The

flood

submerged

the

fields.His

talent

was

submerged

by

his

shyness.他的才

其 所遮覆。The

ship

submerged.船沉入水中。III

Text

StudyPlease

close

your

text

books.

Listen

to

the

t of

the

textcarefully

and

try

to

answer

the

following

question:Why

had

the

neighbours

left

their

farm?(Because

they

were

afraid

that

their

house

was

going

to

beflooded.)Read

the

text

by

yourselves

and

pay

attention

to

the

usage

of

“play

an

important

part”

and

“take

turn

in

ng

sth.”

and

“in

the

hope

of

ng

sth.”III

Text

StudyExplain

the

text:The

river

which

forms

the

eastern

boundary

of

our

farm

hasalways

played

an

important

part

in

our

lives.(1)

structure:

“which”

introduces

an

attributive

clause

tomodify

“the

river”.III

Text

StudyExplain

the

text:(2)

Phrase:

play

an

importantpart/role

in

sth.在...中起重要作用eg.

Correct

grammar

plays

an

important

part

in

sentence

making.Agriculture

plays

an

important

part

in

the

development

of

ourcountry.All

of

these

play

an

important

role

in

the

monetary

part

ofthe

decision.所有這些因素都會影響到你的財政計劃。計算機(jī)在現(xiàn)代起著重要的作用。Computers

play

an

important

part

in

modern

times.婦女在社會建設(shè)中扮演重要角色。Women

play

an

important

part

in

our

socialist

construction.III

Text

StudyExplain

the

text:We

are

lucky

in

that

only

the

lower

fields,

whake

up

avery

small

proportion

of

our

farm,

are

affected

by

flooding,but

other

farms

are

less

favourably

sited,

and

flooding

cansometimes

spell

disaster

for

their

owners.(1)

Structure:

“but”

joins

a

compound

statement.

In

thesecond

clause,

“in

that”

introduces

an

adverbial

clause

ofreason,

and

inside

the

adverbial

clause

“which”

introducesan

attributive

clause

to

modify

“the

lower

fields”.

Thesecond

clause

of

the

compound

statement

is

made

up

ofanother

compound

statement

connected

by

“and”.III

Text

StudyExplain

the

text:We

are

lucky

in

that

only

the

lower

fields,

whake

up

avery

small

proportion

of

our

farm,

are

affected

by

flooding,but

other

farms

are

less

favourably

sited,

and

flooding

cansometimes

spell

disaster

for

their

owners.(2)

Phrase:

in

that:because,

since

因為，既然eg.

We

are

lucky

in

that

we

were

informed

of

the

exam

twoweeks

earlier

so

that

we

have

time

to

prepare

for

it.他因為有病，沒有參加談判。He

didn‘t

attend

the

negotiation

in

that

he

was

ill.你很

因為你男朋友那么愛你You

are

happy

in

that

your

boyfriend

loves

you

so

much.III

Text

StudyExplain

the

text:All

the

cattle

had

been

moved

into

stalls

and

we

stood

to

lose

little.(1)

Paraphrase:

All

the

cattle

had

been

moved

into

stallsand

we

were

sure

that

we

would

lose

little.III

Text

Study(2)

Phrases:

stand

to lose/gain/etc.:

be

sure

to

do

sth.,be

in

a

position

to

do

sth.

一定會…,很可能會…eg.

How

much

do

they

stand

to

lose

by

this

merger?這次合并，他們要 多大損失？You

could

stand

to

make

one

or

two

improvements.你還可以做出一兩點的改進(jìn)。The

hosts

stand

to

benefit

from

the

funds'capital.東道主的受益來自基金的資本。這個提議沒有人會獲益。No

one

stands

to

gain

anything

from

this

proposal.我肯定能通過考試．I

stand

to

pass

the

exam.III

Text

StudyExplain

the

text:From

an

attic

window

we

could

get

a

swee view

of

theriver

where

their

land

joined

ours,

and

at

the

most

criticaljuncture

we

took

turns

in

watching

that

point.(1)

Structure:

“and”

joins

a

compound

statement.

In

theclause,

“where”

introduces

an

attributive

clause

to

modify“theriver”.III

Text

Study(2)

Phrase:

take

turns

（(in) ng

sth.）輪流（做…）take

turns

（to

do

sth.）輪流（做…）take

turns

（at( ng)sth.）輪流（做…）eg.

You

can't

both

use

the

bike

at

once

you'll

have

to

take

turns.不能兩人同時用這輛自行車--得輪流使用.We

take

turns

in

cleaning

the

dormitory.輪流打掃宿舍。The

two

teams

take

turns

in

speaking.兩個隊輪流發(fā)言。The

parents

take

turns

to

look

after

their

baby.父母親輪流照料嬰兒。.

We

can

take

turns

at

driving.好吧， 可以輪流開車。III

Text

StudyExplain

the

text:The

men

of

our

family

waded

down

through

our

floodedmeadows

with

boathooks,

in

the

hope

of

being

able

tograpple

a

corner

of

the

raft

and

pull

it

out

of

the

currenttowards

our

bank.(1)

Structure:

“in

the

hope

of

…”

is

used

as

an

adverbial

ofpurpose.III

Text

Study(2)

Phrase:

in

the

hope

of( ng)

sth.

希望做原因或目的狀語eg. The

search

party

went

into

the

cave

in

the

hope

of

findingburied

treasure.他們起得很早，希望能趕上頭班車。They

got

up

very

early

in

the

hope

of

catching

the

bus.他很努力學(xué)習(xí)英語為的是期望得到一個好工作。He

studies

English

very

hard

in

the

hope

of

getting

a

goodjob.我回到那家商店,希望他在那等我。I

went

back

to

that

shop

in

the

hope

of

finding

him

waitingthere.III

Text

Study(2)

Phrase:

in

the

hope

of(ng)

sth.

希望compare比較》ho

to

do=ho

that=inthehope

of

ng

=inthehopethat

希望做……做原因或目的狀語e.g.來這里希望能學(xué)好英語。We

come

here

h

to

learnEnglishwell.We

come

here

ho

that

we

will

learn

English

well.We

come

here

in

the

hope

of

learning

English

well.We

come

here

in

the

hope

that

we

will

learn

English

pare比較

》

in

the

belief

that

=

believing

that

相信，認(rèn)為 做原因或目的狀語e.g.

他向我請求幫助，認(rèn)為我能助他

。He

turned

to

me

for

help

in

the

belief

that

I

could

lend

himahand.He

turned

to

me

for

help

believing

that

I

could

lend

him

ahand.III

Text

StudyThe

type

of

writing

and

topic

for

this

text（寫作體/題

材）:a

description

about

the

important

role

the

river

played

inour

lifeLanguage

features(語言特點）:ification;

parallelism;

si ,

zoosemyIV Drills

&

ExercisesRead

the

text

after

the

t .

Pay

attention

to

thestress

and

intonation

and

where

tostop.Look

for

the

answer

in

the

text

individually

,then

tryto

answerthe

comprehensionquestionswithout

lookingatthe

text.

(P252Comprehension)Extra

Exercises補(bǔ)充練習(xí)Try

to

put