書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-南昌師范學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Thenumberofstay-at-homefathersreachedarecordhighlastyear,newfiguresshow,asfamiliessawa(n)________infemalebreadwinners.

問題1選項

A.raise

B.rise

C.arise

D.increase

【答案】D

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。由前后得知空白處需要填一個可數名詞。作名詞時，raise“提高，升”，表示某事物升了級別；rise“上升，增加”通常指數量增加或水平提高，為不可數名詞；arise沒有名詞用法；increase“增加，增加額”，指大小和強度增加。句意：新的數據顯示，因為家庭中掙錢女性人數的增加，去年全職爸爸的數量達到了歷史新高。因此只有D選項符合題意。

2.單選題

I（）thejusticeandfoughtagainstcorruptionatmybest.

問題1選項

A.confirmed

B.upheld

C.overwhelmed

D.established

【答案】B

【解析】confirmed確認,堅定;uphold支持,維護;overwhelmed壓倒,淹沒;established制定,建立。句意：我維護正義,盡我最大的努力與腐敗作斗爭。選項B符合句意。

3.單選題

Comewhat（）,we'renotgoingtomakeanyconcessiontohisunreasonabledemands.

問題1選項

A.must

B.should

C.may

D.can

【答案】C

【解析】句意:不管怎樣，我們不會對他的無理要求作出任何讓步

考查固定搭配。Comewhatmay不管三七二十一，不管怎樣。

4.翻譯題

Brown最新出版的書中提出：關于人類對生態的影響，最樂觀的估計也表明它已經超過了地球再生能力的20%左右。拯救巨大壓力下的地球和麻煩不斷的人類文明迫在眉睫。Brown在書中使用了一連串令人沮喪的統計數據對物種滅絕、水資源短缺以及石油生產量下降所引發的經濟動蕩進行了描述，特別強調了氣候變化帶來的系列負面效應以及應對措施。他所描述的由氣候變化引起的混亂狀態令人震驚，但有說服力：世界上最貧窮的人們與似乎更加饑餓的生物燃料產業之間在開展食物爭奪。在石油價格日益上漲，產量逐漸變少，最后有可能枯竭的情況下，生物燃料產業的任務是確保發達國家的越野車能在道路上疾馳。窮人始終處于劣勢地位。Brown認為拯救地球的計劃必須是消除貧困，穩定人口。但是，在執行本計劃過程中，必須處理好經濟利益和全球金融機構的“民主赤字”問題，因為窮人通常被排除在外。

【答案】InBrown’slatestbook,hearguesthatthemostoptimisticestimatesofman’simpactonecologysuggestthatithasexceededabout20%oftheplanet’sregenerativecapacity.Itisimperativetosaveaplanetundergreatpressureandatroubledhumancivilization.Brownusesaseriesofdepressingstatisticstodescribetheeconomicturmoilcausedbyspeciesextinction,watershortagesanddecliningoilproduction,withaparticularemphasisonthenegativeeffectsofclimatechangeandwhatcanbedoneaboutthem.Hisdescriptionofthechaoscausedbyclimatechangeisshockingbutpersuasive:acompetitionforfoodbetweentheworld’spoorestpeopleandabiofuelsindustrythatseemsevenhungrier.Asoilpricesriseandproductionrunsout,thebiofuelindustry’sjobistokeepthedevelopedworld’soff-roadvehiclesontheroad.Thepoorarealwaysatadisadvantage.Brownbelievesthattheplantosavetheplanetmustbetoeradicatepovertyandstabilizepopulation.However,inimplementingtheplan,the“democraticdeficit”ofeconomicinterestsandglobalfinancialinstitutionsmustbeaddressed,sincethepoorareoftenexcluded.

5.單選題

Thezooattendantopenedthecageandtriedhardto

thetigersbackin.

問題1選項

A.coax

B.induce

C.pacify

D.reassure

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。coax“哄騙”；induce“引誘”；pacify“使平靜”；reassure“使安心”。句意：動物園管理員打開籠子，引誘老虎回去。選項B符合題意。

6.單選題

TheterroristattacksinLondonThursdayservedasajarringreminderthatintoday’sworld,youneverknowwhatyoumightseewhenyoupickupthenewspaperorturnontheTV.Disturbingimagesofterrorcantriggeravisceralresponsenomatterhowcloseorfarawayfromhometheeventhappened.

Throughouthistory,everymilitaryconflicthasinvolvedpsychologicalwarfareinonewayoranotherastheenemysoughttobreakthemoraleoftheiropponent.Butthankstoadvancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet,andproliferationofnewscoverage,therulesofengagementinthistypeofmentalbattlehavechanged.

Whetherit’samassiveattackorasinglehorrificact,theeffectsofpsychologicalwarfarearen’tlimitedtothephysicaldamageinflicted.Instead,thegoaloftheseattacksistoinstillasenseoffearthatismuchgreaterthantheactualthreatitself.

Therefore,theimpactofpsychologicalterrordependslargelyonhowtheactsarepublicizedandinterpreted.Butthatalsomeanstherearewaystodefendyourselfandyourlovedonesbyputtingthesefearsintoperspectiveandprotectingyourchildrenfromhorrificimages.

WhatIsPsychologicalTerror?"Theuseofterrorismasatacticispredicateduponinducingaclimateoffearthatisincommensuratewiththeactualthreaten,"saysMiddleEasternhistorianRichardBullietofColumbiaUniversity.“Everytimeyouhaveanactofviolence,publicizingthatviolencebecomesanimportantpartoftheactitself.”

“Therearevariouswaystohaveyourimpact.Youcanhaveyourimpactbythemagnitudeofwhatyoudo,bythesymboliccharacteroftarget,orthehorrificqualityofwhatyoudotoasingleperson”BulliettellsWebMD.“Thepointisthatitisn’twhatyoudo,butit’showit’scoveredthatdeterminestheeffect.”Forexample,BullietsaystheIranianhostagecrisis,whichbeganin1979andlastedfor444days,wasactuallyoneofthemostharmlessthingsthathappenedintheMiddleEastinthelast25years.AlloftheU.S.hostageswereeventuallyreleasedunharmed，buttheeventremainsapsychologicalscarformanyAmericanswhowatchedhelplesslyaseachevening’snewscastcountedthedaysthehostageswerebeingheldcaptive.

Bullietsaysterroristsfrequentlyexploitimagesofagroupofmaskedindividualsexertingtotalpowerovertheircaptivestosendthemessagethattheactisacollectivedemonstrationofthegroup’spowerratherthananindividualcriminalact.“Youdon’thavethenotionthatacertainpersonhastakenahostage.It’sanimageofgrouppower,andtheforcebecomesgeneralizedratherthanpersonalized,”saysBulliet.“Therandomnessandtheubiquityofthethreatgivetheimpressionofvastlygreatercapacities.’’

PsychiatristAnsarHaroun,whoservedintheU.S.ArmyReservesinthefirstGulfWarandmorerecentlyinAfghanistan,saysthatterroristgroupsoftenresorttopsychologicalwarfarebecauseit’stheonlytactictheyhaveavailabletothem.“Theydon’thaveM-16s,andwehaveM-16s.Theydon’thavethemightymilitarypowerthatwehave,andtheyonlyhaveaccesstothingslikekidnapping,"saysHaroun,whoisalsoaclinicalprofessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.

“Inpsychologicalwarfare,evenonebeheadingcanhavethepsychologicalimpactthatmightbeassociatedwithkilling1,000oftheenemy,"HarountellsWebMD.“Youhaven’treallyharmedtheenemyverymuchbykillingonepersonontheotherside.Butintermsofinspiringfear,anxiety,terror,andmakingusallfeelbad,you’veachievedalotofdemoralization."

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTamongthereasonsthatchangetherulesofpsychologicalwarfare?（

）

2.AccordingtoRichardBulliet,whydoes"publicizinganactofviolencebecomesanimportantpartofterrorismitself”?（

）

3.TheIranianhostagecrisisshowsthat（

）.

4.Therandomnessandtheubiquityoftheterroristactsbringtothepublictheimpressionthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.Breakthemoraleoftheiropponent.

B.Advancesintechnology.

C.ThepopularityoftheInternet.

D.Prosperityofmedia.

問題2選項

A.Becausepsychologicalterrorismisatactic.

B.Becauseterrorismdependsonaclimateoffearratherthanontheactualthreat.

C.Becausetheuseofterrorismistoinspirefearthatismoredestructivethantheactualthreat.

D.Becausepublicizingtheviolencecanmakemorepeopleknowtheactualthrea

問題3選項

A.theimpactofpsychologicalterrorrelieslargelyonhowtheactsarepublicized

B.therearevariouswaystohavetheimpactofpsychologicalterror

C.theAmericanmediaiseffective

D.thewaysdeterminestheeffect

問題4選項

A.theterroristsareexertingtotalpowerovertheircaptives

B.thethreatisacollectivedemonstrationofthegroup’spower

C.theterroristsarepowerfulandpervasive

D.theforcebecomesgeneralizedratherthanpersonalized

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.細節題。根據題干關鍵詞psychologicalwarfare定位至第二段第一句,緊接著后面就提出了原因,advancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet和proliferationofnewscoverage,分別對應選項B，C，D，只有選項A沒有提及。

2.細節題。根據題干關鍵詞RichardBulliet定位至第五段。第五段指出原因在于恐怖主義的策略就是創造一種和實際并不相符的恐懼氛圍。

3.細節題。根據題干關鍵詞Iranianhostagecrisis定位至第六段。選項D與第六段第四句重現。

4.細節題。根據題干關鍵詞Therandomnessandtheubiquity定位至第七段，最后一句指出：這種威脅的隨機性和普遍性給人的印象是其破壞能力大大增強。因此選項C正確。

7.單選題

Hewasfiredbecausehewas（

）lateforwork.

問題1選項

A.occasionally

B.consistently

C.presently

D.weekly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。occasionally“偶爾”；consistently“一貫地”；presently“不久，一會兒”；weekly“每周一次”。句意：他被解雇了，因為他上班總是遲到。選項B符合題意。

8.單選題

Whywasthesuggestionthatshe（

）toourpartyrejectedthedaybeforeyesterday?

問題1選項

A.beinvited

B.tobeinvited

C.beinginvited

D.hasbeeninvited

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。在表示“建議、要求、命令、意愿”等意義的名詞，后面跟的表語從句中和同位語從句中謂語動詞用“（should）+動詞原形”的虛擬語氣，should可以省略，因此選A。

句意：為什么前天她受邀參加我們聚會的建議被拒絕了？

9.單選題

Forthesuccessoftheproject,thecompanyshould（）themostoftheopportunitiesathand.

問題1選項

A.obtain

B.grasp

C.catch

D.make

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項obtain“獲得；流行”；B選項grasp“抓牢，握緊；試圖抓住；理解，領悟；毫不猶豫地抓住（機會）”；C選項catch“趕上；抓住；感染；了解”；D選項make“使得；進行；布置，準備，整理；制造；認為；獲得；形成；安排；引起”。seize/grasp/grab/taketheopportunity“抓住機會”，句中的themostof修飾theopportunities，可視為shouldgrasp(themostof)theopportunities。句意：為了項目的成功，公司應該抓住大部分到手的機會。因此B選項正確。

10.單選題

TheTVprogramisso（）thatIcan’tmovemyeyesawayfromthescreen.

問題1選項

A.freestanding

B.devastating

C.compelling

D.fascinating

【答案】D

【解析】句意:這個電視節目如此吸引人,以至于我眼睛不能從屏幕上移開。

考查形容詞辨析。freestanding獨立式的;devastating毀滅性的;compelling引人注目的,強制的,激發興趣的;fascinating迷人的,吸引人的,使人祌魂顛倒的。由后半句句意可知D正確。

11.不定項選擇題

Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruegladiators.We’repushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATprepcoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice.Wesayourmotivesareselflessandsensible.AdegreefromStanfordorPrincetonistheticketforlife.IfAaronandNicoledon’tgetin,they’reforeverdoomed.Gosh,we’redelusional.

I’vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappening.It’sone-upmanshipamongparents.Weseeourkids’collegepedigreesastrophiesattestingtohowwell-orhowpoorly-we’veraisedthem.Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem.Sowe’vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn’tmattermuchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford.

Admissionsanxietyafflictsonlyaminorityofparents.It’struethatgettingintocollegehasgenerallybecometougherbecausethenumberofhighschoolgraduateshasgrown.From1994to2006,theincreaseis2.8percent.Still,64percentoffreshmenattendschoolswhereacceptanceratesexceed70percent,andtheapplicationsurgeateliteschoolsdwarfspopulationgrowth.

Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughtrophiestogoaround.Fearfulparentsprodtheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.“Theepicentersofparentalanxietyusedtobeonthecoasts:Boston,NewYork,Washington,LosAngeles,saysTomParker,Amherst’sadmissionsdean.“Butit’sradiatedthroughoutthecountry.”

Underlyingthehysteriaisthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducationanddevelopbettercontacts.Allthat’splausible-andmostlywrong.“Wehaven’tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters,”saysErnestT.PascarellaoftheUniversityofIowa,co-authorofHowCollegeAffectsStudents,an827evaluationofhundredsofstudiesofthecollegeexperience.Selectiveschoolsdon’tsystematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanless-selectiveschools,accordingtoastudybyPascarellaandGeorgeKuhofIndianaUniversity.Somedo;somedon’t.Ontwomeasures-professors’feedbackandthenumberofessayexams-selectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse.

Bysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates’lifetimeearnings.Thegainisreckonedat2percentto4percentforevery100-pointincreaseinaschool’saverageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke.Awell-knownstudybyPrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerandStacyBergDaleofMathematicaPolicyResearchexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwentelsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.

Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.GettingintoYalemaysignifyintelligence,talentandambition.Butit’snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisn’tlife’sonlycompetition.Inthenextcompetition—thejobmarket,graduateschool—theresultsmaychange.Old-boynetworksarebreakingdown.KruegerstudiedadmissionstoonelopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGraduateRecordExamhelpedexplainwhogotin;IvyLeaguedegreesdidn’t.

So,parents,lightenup.Thestakeshavebeenvastlyexaggerated.Uptoapoint,wecanrationalizeourpushiness.Americaisacompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothat.Buttoomuchpushinesscanbedestructive.TheveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.Onestudyofstudents20yearsoutfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.Theymayhavebeensoconditionedtobeingontopthatanythinglessdisappoints.

Whatfiresparents’fanaticismistheirself-servingdesiretoannouncetheirownsuccess?ManySuccumb;Ididn’tlocatedmyidealschoolformydaughter.Shegotinandwentelsewhere.Takethat,Dad.Ilocatedtheidealschoolformyson.Heck,hewouldn’tevenvisittheplace.Pow,Dad.Theybothlovetheirschoolsandseemamplystimulated.FoolishDad.

6.Theword“gladiators”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans（）

7.Theauthor’sattitudetotheparents’claim“ourmotivesareselflessandsensible”isoneof（）

8.Itcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphthat（）

9.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutselectiveschoolsisTRUE?

10.Theauthorsuggeststhatparentsnotimposetheirambitionontheirchildrenbecause（）

問題1選項

A.colossus

B.commanders.

C.warriors.

D.gluttons.

問題2選項

A.antipathy.

B.apathy.

C.ambivalence.

D.dissent.

問題3選項

A.Americanyouthhavefewerchoicesbuttogotoeliteschools.

B.thecompetitionforeliteschoolsisfiercerintheUnitedStates.

C.theparentsshouldnotputtoomuchpressureontheirchildren.

D.thechildren’sfuturewillbebleakwithoutgoingtoeliteschools.

問題4選項

A.Selectiveschoolsofferbetterinstructionalapproachestotheirstudents.

B.Therearemoreassayexamsinselectiveschoolsthanotherschools.

C.Theirnewteachingmethodssecuretheirgraduates’highsalaries.

D.Theydon’toutperformotherschoolsintermsofprofessors’feedback.

問題5選項

A.toomuchpressuremightleadtounsatisfactoryresults.

B.theirownambitionshouldn’tberealizedbytheirchildren.

C.theirchildrenmightpracticejob-hoppingfrequently.

D.theirchildrenmightnotsharesimilarinterestswiththem.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】6.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】詞義推測題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段第一句Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruegladiators.（在大學入學的戰爭中，我們父母是真正的角斗士）。C選項“戰士”與“角斗士”的意思相近，因此C選項正確。A選項“巨人”，不符合文章內容。B選項“指揮官”，不符合文章內容。選項D“貪吃的人”不符合詞義，可排除。因此C選項正確。

7.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】觀點態度題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段倒數第三句Wesayourmotivesareselflessandsensible.（我們說我們的動機是無私和理智的。）D選項“不同意的”正確，根據下文內容可推測，父母宣稱是無私的和明智的是虛假的，因此作者不同意這個觀點。A選項“反感的”，可排除。B選項“冷漠的”，作者態度并不是冷漠的，可排除。C選項“矛盾”，不符合文章內容，可排除。因此D選項正確。

8.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到原文第四段（我們有一種全面的威望恐慌；我們擔心沒有足夠的獎杯。恐懼的父母催促他們的孩子申請比以往更多的學校。阿默斯特學院招生主任湯姆?帕克（TomParker）說，過去，父母焦慮的中心集中在沿海地區：波士頓、紐約、華盛頓和洛杉磯）。選項C“父母不應該給孩子太多的壓力”，文中所說父母催促孩子申請比以往更多的學校，因此可推測，父母給孩子的壓力過大，C選項正確。選項A“美國年輕人的選擇很少，只能去精英學校”，不符合文章內容，可排除。選項B“在美國，精英學校的競爭更加激烈”，不符合文章內容，可排除，選項D“如果不上精英學校，孩子們的未來將是暗淡的”，沒有必然的關系。因此C選項正確。

9.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文第六段中最后一句Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.（他們掙的錢和那些地位較高的學校的畢業生一樣多）。D選項“在教授反饋方面，他們的表現并不優于其他學校”，由掙錢這一點反映，他們的表現并不優于其他學校，D選項正確。A選項“重點學校為學生提供更好的教學方法。”文章第五段提到“名校并不比非名校系統地采用更好的教學方法”，因此A選項可排除。B選項“重點學校的考試比其他學校多。”第五段最后一句提到“教授的反饋和論文考試的數量——重點學校的表現略差”，B選項可排除。C選項“他們的新教學方法確保了畢業生的高薪”，文中第六段提到“他們掙的錢和那些地位較高的學校的畢業生一樣多”，因此C選項可排除。因此D選項正確。

10.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】作者意圖題。由題干可以定位到原文倒數第二段TheveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.（我們強加給孩子們的雄心壯志可能會讓一些孩子進入哈佛，但也可能會讓他們失望）。由此可知選項A“太多的壓力可能會導致不滿意的結果”，符合文章內容，A選項正確。B選項“他們自己的抱負不應該由他們的孩子來實現”，文章沒有提到父母的抱負讓孩子實現，B選項可排除。C選項“他們的孩子可能經常跳槽”，文章沒有提到此內容，可排除。D選項“他們的孩子可能和他們沒有共同的興趣愛好”，文章沒有提到此內容，可排除。因此A選項正確。

12.翻譯題

輸出隨輸入的變化是很大的。

【答案】Theoutputvariesgreatlyfromtheinput.

13.單選題

Inlastweek’sTribune,therewasaninterestingletterfromMr.J.StewartCook,inwhichhesuggestedthatthebestwayofavoidingthedangerofa“scientifichierarchy”wouldbetoseetoitthateverymemberofthegeneralpublicwas,asfaraspossible,scientificallyeducated.Atthesametime,scientistsshouldbebroughtoutoftheirisolationandencouragedtotakeagreaterpartinpoliticsandadministration.

Asageneralstatement,Ithinkmostofuswouldagreewiththis,butInoticethat,asusual,Mr.Cookdoesnotdefinescience,andmerelyimpliesinpassingthatitmeanscertainexactscienceswhoseexperimentscanbemadeunderlaboratoryconditions.Thus,adulteducationtends“toneglectscientificstudiesinfavorofliterary,economicandsocialsubjects”,economicsandsociologynotbeingregardedasbranchesofscience,apparent.Thispointisofgreatimportance.Forthewordscienceisatpresentusedinatleasttwomeanings,butthewholequestionofscientificeducationisobscuredbythecurrenttendencytododgefromonemeaningtotheother.

Scienceisgenerallytakenasmeaningeither（a）theexactsciences,suchaschemistry,physics,etc.,or（b）amethodofthoughtwhichobtainsverifiableresultsbyreasoninglogicallyfromobservedfact.

Ifyouaskanyscientist,orindeedalmostanyeducatedperson,“Whatisscience?”Youarelikelytogetananswerapproximatingto（b）.Ineverydaylife,however,bothinspeakingandinwriting,whenpeoplesay“science”theymean（a）.Sciencemeanssomethingthathappensinalaboratory:test-tubesbalances,Bunsenburners,microscopes.Abiologist,anastronomer,perhapspsychologistoramathematician,isdescribedasamanofsciencenoonewouldthinkofapplyingthistermtoastatesman,apoet,ajournalistorevenaphilosopher.Andthosewhotellusthattheyoungmustbescientificallyeducatedmean,almostinvariably,thattheyshouldbetaughtmoreaboutradioactivity,orthestars,orthephysiologyoftheirownbodies,ratherthanthattheyshouldbetaughttothinkmoreexactly.

Thisconfusionofmeaning,whichispartlydeliberate,hasinitagreatdanger,Impliedinthedemandformorescientificeducationistheclaimthatifonehasbeenscientificallytrainedonesapproachtoallsubjectswillbemoreintelligentthanifonehadhadnosuchtraining.Ascientistspoliticalopinions,itisassumed,hisopinionsonsociologicalquestions,onmorals,onphilosophyperhapsevenonthearts,willbemorevaluablethanthoseofalayman.Buta“scientist”,aswehavejustseen,meansinpracticeaspecialistinoneoftheexactsciences.Itfollowsthatachemistorphysicist,assuch,ispoliticallymoreintelligentthanapoetoralawyer.And,infact,therearealreadymillionsofpeoplewhodobelievethis.

Butisitreallytruethata“scientist”,inthisnarrowersense,isanylikelierthanotherpeopletoapproachnon-scientificproblemsinanobjectiveway?Thereisnotmuchreasonforthinkingso.Takeonesimpletest—theabilitytowithstandnationalism.Itisoftenlooselysaidthat“Scienceisinternational,”butinpracticethescientificworkersofallcountrieslineupbehindtheirowngovernmentswithfewerscruplesthanarefeltbythewritersandtheartists.TheGermanscientificcommunity,asawhole,madenoresistancetoHitler.Therewereplentyofgiftedmentodothenecessaryresearchonsuchthingsassyntheticoil,jetplanes,rocketprojectilesandtheatomicbomb.

Ontheotherhand,whathappenedtoGermanliteraturewhentheNaziscametopower?Ibelieveexhaustivelistshavebeenpublished,butIimaginethatthenumberofGermanscientists—Jewapart—whovoluntarilyexiledthemselvesorwerepersecutedbytheregimewasmuchsmallerthanthenumberofwritersandjournalists.Moresinisterthanthis,anumberofGermanscientistsswallowedthemonstrosity（巨大而丑陋的東西）of“racialscience”.

Butdoesthismeanthatthegeneralpublicshouldnotbemorescientificallyeducated?Onthecontrary.Allitmeansisthatscientificeducationforthemasseswilldolittlegood,andprobablyalotofharm,ifitsimplyboilsdowntomorephysics,morechemistry,morebiology,etc.tothedetrimentofliteratureandhistory.It’sprobableeffectontheaveragehumanbeingwouldbetonarrowtherangeofhisthoughtsandmakehimmorethanevercontemptuousofsuchknowledgeashedidnotpossess;andhispoliticalreactionswouldprobablybesomewhatlessintelligentthanthoseofanilliteratepeasantwhoretainedafewhistoricalmemoriesandafairlysoundaestheticsense.

Clearly,scientificeducationoughttomeantheimplantingofarational,skeptical,experimentalhabitofmind.Itoughttomeanacquiringamethod—amethodthatcanbeusedonanyproblemthatonemeets—andnotsimplypilingupalotoffacts.Putitinthosewords,andtheapologistofscientificeducationwillusuallyagree.Presshimfurther,askhimtoparticularize,andsomehowitalwaysturnsoutthatscientificeducationmeansmoreattentiontotheexactsciences,inotherwords—morefacts.Theideathatsciencemeansawayoflookingattheworld,andnotsimplyabodyofknowledge,isinpracticestronglyresisted.Ithinksheerprofessional,jealousyispartofthereasonforthis.

1.Weknowfromthesecondparagraphthattheauthorconsidersthepresentdefinitionoftheword“science”（）.

2.Whenpeoplearetalkingaboutscience,theymayNOTreferto（）.

3.Theauthor,contrastsGermansciencewithClurmanliteraturetosupportviewpointthat（）.

4.Anaveragepersonignorantofhistory,beingcomparedwithanilliteratefarmer,withhistoricalmemoriesistoshowthat（）.

5.Thepassagecanbebestsummarizedas（）.

問題1選項

A.ambiguous

B.ambivalent

C.questionable

D.inappropriate

問題2選項

A.physics

B.physiology

C.philosophy

D.psychology

問題3選項

A.Germanliteraturehaslongbeenpersecutedbythegovernment

B.writersarethemostdisruptiveforceofagovernment

C.scientistsaremoreinclinedtosupporttheirgovernmentsthanwriters

D.Germanscientistsshouldnotbeonthesideoftheracists

問題4選項

A.inscientificeducation,theteachingofhistoryshouldn’tbeneglected

B.historyisimportantforapersonwhowantstobeoutstanding

C.historyisthemostimportantsubjectinscientificeducation

D.inscientificeducation,morehistorycoursesshouldbeprovided

問題5選項

A.contrastingsciencewithliterature

B.explainingwhatscienceis

C.givingabetterdefinitionofscience

D.pointingoutpeoplesmisunderstandingofscience

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.細節事實題。題目問的是“從第二段中可知，作者認為當下對‘科學’這個詞的定義是怎樣的？”文章第二段最后一句話提到“因為在當下‘科學’的含義至少有兩種，但目前人們傾向于從一種含義轉向另一種含義，整個科學教育問題模糊不清”(Forthewordscienceisatpresentusedinatleasttwomeanings,butthewholequestionofscientificeducationisobscuredbythecurrenttendencytododgefromonemeaningtotheother)，因此選項A“模糊不清的，模棱兩可的”符合題意。ambivalent“矛盾的”；questionable“可疑的，有問題的”；inappropriate“不適當的”。

第2題:2.細節事實題。題目問的是“當人們談論科學時，他們沒有涉及下列哪項？”文章第四段提到生物學家、天文學家，可能是心理學家或數學家，被描述為科學家，而沒有人會想到用這個詞來形容政治家、詩人、記者甚至哲學家（Abiologist,anastronomer,perhapspsychologistoramathematician,isdescribedasamanofsciencenoonewouldthinkofapplyingthistermtoastatesman,apoet,ajournalistorevenaphilosopher），由此可知人們在談論科學時，他們不是指哲學，因此選項C符合題意。Physics“物理學”；physiology“生理學”；psychology“心理學”。

第3題:3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“作者將德國科學與克魯曼文學進行對比，來支持下列哪個觀點？”文章第六段第四句提到人們常泛泛地說“科學是國際性的”，但實際上所有國家的科學工作者都站在自己政府一邊，比作家和藝術家們所感到的顧慮要少得多(Itisoftenlooselysaidthat