書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-南京師范大學押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.翻譯題

Directingtheunionaretechnologicaladvancesthathavemadeiteasiertostoreandrapidlytransmitinformationintohomesandoffices.Fiber-opticcable,forexample—madeupofhair-thinglassfibers—isatremendouslyefficientcarrierofinformation.Lasersshootinglightthroughglassfibercantransmit250,000timesasmuchdataasastandardtelephonewire,ortensofthousandsofparagraphssuchasthisoneeverysecond.

Thegreatlyincreasedvolumeandspeedofdatatransmissionthatthesetechnologiespermitcanbecomparedtothewayinwhichahighwaywithmanylanesallowsmorecarstomoveatfasterspeedsthanatwo-lanehighway—hence,theinformationsuperhighway.

【答案】【參考譯文】引導聯合的是技術進步，技術的進步使信息更容易存儲和迅速傳輸到家庭和辦公室。例如，由細如發絲的玻璃纖維制成的光纖是一種非常高效的信息載體。通過玻璃纖維發的激光可以傳輸標準電話線25萬倍的數據，或者每秒傳輸數萬段這樣的段落。

這些技術極大地增加了數據傳輸的量和速度，可以與多車道高速公路比雙車道高速公路允許更多的汽車以更快的速度移動的方式相比較——因此，信息高速公路由此得名。

2.單選題

Youwillonlybeallowedtoleaveearlyin（

）circumstances.

問題1選項

A.exceptional

B.coincidental

C.peculiar

D.imperative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。exceptional“特殊的；例外的”；coincidental“巧合的”；peculiar“不尋常的；特有的；古怪的”；imperative“緊急的；不可避免的；必要的”。句意：你只有在特殊時刻才被允許提前離開。選項A符合題意。

3.單選題

（

）shewaslivinginParisthatshemetherhusbandTerry.

問題1選項

A.Justwhen

B.Itwaswhile

C.Soonafter

D.Duringthetimewhen

【答案】B

【解析】考查強調句型。Itis+被強調部分+that+其他成分，選項B符合題意。

4.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.

Thestrategicnatureofthethreatnowposedbyhumancivilizationtotheglobalenvironmentandthestrategicnatureofthethreattohumancivilizationnowposedbychangesintheglobalenvironmentpresentuswithasimilarsetofchallengesandfalsehopes.Somearguethatanewultimatetechnology,whethernuclearpowerorgeneticengineering,willsolvetheproblem.Othersholdthatonlyadrasticreductionofourrelianceontechnologycanimprovetheconditionsoflife——asimplisticnotionatbestButtherealsolutionwillbefoundinreinventingandfinallyhealingtherelationshipbetweencivilizationandtheearth.Thiscanonlybeaccomplishedbyundertakingacarefulreassessmentofallthefactorsthatledtotherelativelyrecentdramaticchangeintherelationship.Thetransformationofthewaywerelatetotheearthwillofcourseinvolvenewtechnologies,butthekeychangeswillinvolvenewwaysofthinkingabouttherelationshipitself.

【答案】當前，人類文明對全球環境造成的威脅的戰略實質和全球環境的變化對人類文明造成的威脅的戰略實質向我們提出了一系列相似的挑戰，同時也使我們產生了一些自欺欺人的期望。有人認為有了某種嶄新的終極技術,無論是核能還是基因工程,就可以解決這個問題。還有人則認為只有大力減少我們對技術的依賴才能改善人類的生存環境——這種看法充其量是一種簡化的看法。然而，真正的解決辦法將在徹底改變和最終修復文明與地球間的關系中被找到。要完成這一點，只有通過重新仔細估量導致這種關系在較近時期內發生的劇烈變化的所有各種因素才行。改變我們與地球的關系的途徑當然會涉及到新技術的發明和應用，但是關鍵的改變將與思考這種關系本身的新方式有關。

5.單選題

Let'stestthetemperatureofabasinofwaterwithbothhands（）togetherinthewater.

問題1選項

A.placing

B.place

C.beingplaced

D.placed

【答案】D

【解析】句意:讓我們把兩只手一起放水中，以測試水溫。

語法題?？疾闀r態語態。此處hands和place之間是被動關系，因此用過去分詞。故D正確。

6.單選題

CollegeBoardPresidentGastonCapertontrumpetedrisingSATmathscoresandbemoaned_______verbalscoreslastweek.

問題1選項

A.motionless

B.stagnant

C.briskness

D.sluggish

【答案】B

【解析】motionless不動的,靜止的;stagnant停滯的,遲鈍的;briskness敏捷,活潑;sluggish行動遲緩的。句意：上周，學校董事會主席GastonCaperton鼓吹SAT數學成績的提高，也哀嘆語文成績停滯不前。選項B符合句意。

7.單選題

Mr.Smithbecamevery（

）whenitwassuggestedthathehadmadeamistake.

問題1選項

A.ingenious

B.empirical

C.objective

D.indignant

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。形容詞詞義辨折。ingenious“有獨創性的，機靈的”；empirical“經驗主義的”；objective“客觀的”；indignant“憤憤不平的”。句意：當被指出犯了錯誤時，史密斯先生感到很氣憤。選項D符合題意。

8.單選題

Thiscan（）somethingthatthestudentsmaynothavecomprehendedinEnglish.

問題1選項

A.signify

B.specify

C.clarify

D.testify

【答案】B

【解析】本題考查動詞辨析題。signify“表示；預示”；specify“指明；詳細說明”；clarify“闡明”；testify“證明”，根據“學生們可能沒有理解的”可知此處應該選用動詞specify，表示“詳細的解釋，說明”，故正確答案為選項B。句意為：這個能詳細地解釋一些學生們可能沒有理解的英語問題。

9.單選題

Thebadweathermeant（）therocketlaunch(發射)for48hours.

問題1選項

A.delaying

B.havingdelayed

C.todelay

D.tohavedelayed

【答案】A

【解析】句意:糟糕的天氣意味著火箭發射推延48小時。

考查固定搭配。meantodosth.打算做某事。meandoingsth.意味著做某事。故選A。

10.單選題

Eversincehumanshaveinhabitedtheearth,theyhavemadeuseofvariousformsofcommunication.Generally,theexpressionofthoughtsandfeelingshasbeenintheformoforalspeech.Whenthereisalanguagebarrier,communicationisaccomplishedthroughsignlanguageinwhichmotionsstandforletters,wordsandideas.Tourists,thedeaf,andthemutehavehadtoresorttothisformofexpression.Manyofthesesymbolsofwholewordsareverypicturesqueandexactandcanbeusedinternationally;spelling,however,cannot.

Bodylanguagetransmitsideasorthoughtsbycertainactions,eitherintentionallyorunintentionally.Awinkcanbeawayofflirtingorindicatingthatthepartyisonlyjoking.Anodsignifiesapproval,whileshakingtheheadindicatesanegativereaction.

OtherformsofnonlinguisticlanguagecanbefoundinBraille(asystemofraiseddotsreadwiththefingertips),signalflags,Morsecode,andsmokesignals.Roadmapsandpicturesignsalsoguide,warn,andinstructpeople.

Whileverbalizationisthemostcommonformoflanguage,othersystemsandtechniquesalsoexpresshumanthoughtsandfeeling.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthispassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

3.Whichformotherthanoralspeechwouldbemostcommonlyusedamongblindpeople?

4.Howmanydifferentformsofcommunicationarementionedhere?

5.Signlanguageissaidtobeverypicturesqueandexactandcanbeusedinternationallyexceptfor（）

問題1選項

A.Whenlanguageisabarrier,peoplewillfindotherformsofcommunication.

B.Everybodyusesonlyoneformofcommunication.

C.Nonlinguisticlanguageisinvaluabletoforeigners.

D.Althoughotherformsofcommunicationexist,verbalizationisthefastest.

問題2選項

A.Therearemanyformsofcommunicationinexistencetoday.

B.Verbalizationisthemostcommonformofcommunication.

C.Thedeafandmuteuseanoralformofcommunication.

D.Ideasandthoughtscanbetransmittedbybodylanguage.

問題3選項

A.picturesigns

B.Braille

C.bodylanguage

D.signalflags

問題4選項

A.5

B.7

C.9

D.11

問題5選項

A.spelling

B.ideas

C.wholewords

D.expressions

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。結合全文內容可知,本文主要是講肢體語言。一般來說,思想和感情的表達都是以口頭語言的形式進行的。但當有語言障礙時,交流可以通過其他形式完成,比如肢體語言。所以選項A符合原文。

2.細節事實題。根據第一段的三四句可知,游客,盲人和聾啞人使用的是signlanguage,而不是oralformofcommunication。所以選項C表述錯誤。

3.細節事實題。根據原文可知Braille是一種用指尖閱讀的凸點系統,即盲文,適合盲人使用。所以選項B正確。

4.細節事實題。文章中提到了oralspeech、signlanguage,bodylanguage、Braille、signalflags,Morsecode、smokesignals、roadmaps、picturesigns這9種交際方式,所以選項C正確。

5.細節事實題。根據第一段的最后一句“Manyofthesesymbolsofwholewordsareverypicturesqueandexactandcanbeusedinternationally;spelling,however,cannot.”這些完整的文字符號中有許多是非常生動和準確的,可以在國際上使用；然而拼寫不能。所以本題選A。

11.單選題

YoucanarriveinLondonearlierforthemeeting（）youdon’tmindtakingthenighttrain.

問題1選項

A.provided

B.unless

C.though

D.until

【答案】A

【解析】考查連詞辨析。A選項provided“假如，倘若”；B選項unless“除非”；C選項though“盡管”；D選項until“直到”。根據句意：如果你不介意坐晚上的火車，那么你可以早點到達倫敦開會。后者是前者的條件，所以填入表示條件的連詞provided,選項A正確。

12.單選題

Anargumentwas（

）becausetheydislikeeachothersomuch.

問題1選項

A.ridiculous

B.inevitable

C.excessive

D.conservative

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。ridiculous“荒唐的，荒謬的”；inevitable“不可避免的”；excessive“過量的”；conservative“保守的”。句意：由于他們彼此都很討厭對方,所以爭論就難以避免。根據上下文關系可知B項符合句意，答案B

13.單選題

It’scloudyoutside.Pleasetakeanumbrella.

_____.

問題1選項

A.Yes,takeiteasy.

B.Well,itjustdepends.

C.OK.Justinease.

D.Allright,you’rewelcome.

【答案】C

【解析】考查句意理解。句意：外面多云，請帶傘。_____。所以回答應該是：好的，為了以防萬一。A項“是的，慢慢來”；B項“僅僅取決于”；D項“不客氣”。根據句意選C。

14.單選題

Inaccordancewiththenewregulations,youareentitledtothreedaysofpaidsickleaveeverymonth.

問題1選項

A.Accordingto

B.Carryingon

C.Lookingthrough

D.Puttingout

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項Accordingto“根據……”；B選項Carryingon“繼承，開始實施”；C選項Lookingthrough“瀏覽，溫習”；D選項Puttingout“撲滅，搏出”。句意：根據新規定，你每個月可以享受三天的帶薪病假。A選項與劃線詞的詞義最接近，因此A選項符合題意。

15.單選題

（

）thatmyheadhadcleared,mybrainwasalsobeginningtoworkmuchbetter.

問題1選項

A.For

B.Now

C.Since

D.Despite

【答案】B

【解析】考查邏輯連詞。for、since通常表示原因，不和that連用，nowthat“既然，因為，由于”；despite“盡管”。句意：由于我的頭腦清醒了，我的大腦也開始運轉得更好了。前后句因果關系，故B項正確。

16.單選題

Thatkindofbirdhasbecomemore____aroundherelately;weshouldprotectthemfrombeingshot.

問題1選項

A.various

B.numerable

C.multiple

D.numerous

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.various各種各樣的B.numerable可數的

C.multiple數量多的D.numerous許多的

【答案】D

【考查點】形容詞辨析

【解題思路】空格所在部分語義為“這種鳥最近在這里變得更加____（more____）了”，空格處所填詞在該句中做表語；根據后文“我們應該保護它們不受槍擊”推測，這種鳥在這里可能會被獵殺，一般鳥多的地方會出現偷獵行為，因此數量變多了符合原句語義銜接，D選項numerous“許多的”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項various“各種各樣的”不符合原句語義銜接；

B選項numerable“可數的”，是numerous的形近詞，但不符合原句語義銜接；

C選項multiple“數量多的”，只能用于名詞前，做定語，但原句中空格后沒有名詞；

【句意】最近這種鳥在這里越來越多了；我們應該保護它們不受槍擊。

17.單選題

IntheOldTestament,AbrahamplainlyassumesthatGodwasunderamoral（）todistinguishbetweentherighteousandthewicked,andthathehadnorighttodealwiththemalike.

問題1選項

A.objection

B.objectivity

C.obligation

D.observation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項objection“異議；反對”；B選項objectivity“客觀性”；C選項obligation“義務；職責”；D選項observation“觀察；監視”。句意：在舊約中，亞伯拉罕清楚地認為上帝有道義……區分正義與邪惡，但他沒有相同的權利。主語是上帝，后面所說的區分正義與邪惡，是在具體地說一項工作。上帝完成他的工作，是他的職責與義務所在。因此C選項符合題意。

18.單選題

Childrenaregettingsofattheymaybethefirstgenerationtodiebeforetheirparents,anexpertclaimedyesterday.

Today’syoungstersarealreadyfallingpreytopotentialkillerssuchasdiabetesbecauseoftheirweight.Fattyfast-fooddietscombinedwithsedentarylifestylesdominatedbytelevisionsandcomputerscouldmeankidswilldietragicallyyoung,saysProfessorAndrewPrentice,fromLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine.

Atthesametime,theshapeofthehumanbodyisgoingthroughahugeevolutionaryshiftbecauseadultsaregettingsofat.HereinBritain,thelatestresearchshowsthattheaveragewaistsizeforamanis36-38inandmaybe42-44inby2032.Thiscompareswithonly32.6inin1972.Women’swaistshavegrownfromanaverageof22inin1920to24inintheFiftiesand30innow.Oneofthemajorreasonswhychildrennowareatgreaterriskisthatwearegettingfatteryounger.IntheUKalone,morethanonemillionunder-16sareclassedasoverweightorobese—doublethenumberinthemid-Eighties.Oneintenfour-year-oldsarealsomedicallyclassifiedasobese.Theobesitypandemic—anextensiveepidemic—whichstartedintheUS,hasnowspreadtoEurope,Australia,CentralAmericaandtheMiddleEast.

Manynationsnowrecordmorethan20percentoftheirpopulationasclinicallyobeseandwelloverhalfthepopulationasoverweight.ProfPrenticesaidthechangeinourshapehasbeencausedbyaglutofeasilyavailablehigh-energyfoodscombinedwithadramaticdrop,intheenergyweuseasaresultoftechnologydevelopments.

Heisnotaloneinhisconcern.Onlylastweekonemedicaljournalrevealedhowobesitywasfuelingariseincancercases.Obesityalsoincreasestheriskfactorforstrokesandheartdisease.Anaveragelyobeseperson’slifespanisshortenedbyaroundnineyearswhileaseverelyobesepersonbymanymore.

ProfPrenticesaid:“Sowillparentsoutlivetheirchildren,asclaimedrecentlybyanAmericanobesityspecialist?”Theanswerisyes-andno.Yes,whentheoffspringbecomegrosslyobese.ThisisnowbecominganalarminglycommonoccurrenceintheUS.Suchchildrenandadolescentshaveagreatlyreducedqualityoflifeinterms,ofboththeirphysicalandpsychosocialhealth.SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger.

9.Whatdoestheword“sedentary”(Para.2)mean?

10.WhichstatementisTRUE?

11.AccordingtoProfPrentice,whatarethereasonsforthechangeinourshape?

12.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger”?

問題1選項

A.Sittingmostoftime.

B.Eatingtoomuch.

C.Studyingveryhard.

D.Thinkingpassively.

問題2選項

A.Theaveragewaistsizeforamanis36-38in.

B.Theaveragewaistsizeforawomanis30in.

C.Inthemid-Eighties,morethanhalfmillionunder-16sintheUKareclassedasoverweight.

D.TheobesitypandemichasnowspreadtoSouthAmerica.

問題3選項

A.Weeattoomuchandrefusetodophysicalexercises.

B.High-energyfoodsareeasytogetandtechnologydevelopsfast.

C.High-energyfoodsarethemaindietandweusetechnology.

D.High-energyfoodsareeasytogetandweconsumelessenergy.

問題4選項

A.Answeringthequestion“Sowillparentsoutlivetheirchildren?”

B.Thedoughnutandburgershouldbebanned.

C.Weshouldleadahealthylife.

D.Weshouldbegindieting.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】9.詞義推測題。定位在第二段Fattyfast-fooddietscombinedwithsedentarylifestylesdominatedbytelevisionsandcomputerscouldmeankidswilldietragicallyyoung,saysProfessorAndrewPrentice,fromLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine.（來自倫敦衛生和熱帶醫學學院的安德魯?普倫蒂斯教授說，高脂肪的快餐飲食加上以電視和電腦為主的……的生活方式可能意味著孩子會悲劇性地在年輕時死去。）降低體重的方式一是要控制飲食，二就是需要鍛煉運動。而現在的人們吃著高脂肪的快餐做著以電視和電腦為主的工作，由此可知這樣的生活方式是宅的，缺乏運動的。因此A選項“大部分時間坐著”正確，符合題意。B選項“吃得太多”，C選項“非常努力的學習”，D選項“消極地思考”，均與題意不符，可排除。故選A。

10.推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段IntheUKalone,morethanonemillionunder-16sareclassedasoverweightorobese—doublethenumberinthemid-Eighties.（僅僅在英國，就有100多萬16歲以下的兒童被歸為超重或者肥胖，比80年代中期多了一倍）可以了解到英國16歲以下兒童被歸于肥胖的人數大大地增加了。因此C選項“在80年代中期，超過50萬16歲以下的英國兒童被歸類為超重?！闭_，符合題意。A選項“男人的平均腰圍是36-38英寸”，B選項“女人的平均腰圍是30英寸”并未指出這只是存在于英國的現象，可排除。D選項“肥胖現在已經蔓延到南美洲”，文中未提到南美洲是否也有肥胖問題，可排除。故選C。

11.客觀細節題。定位到第四段ProfPrenticesaidthechangeinourshapehasbeencausedbyaglutofeasilyavailablehigh-energyfoodscombinedwithadramaticdrop,intheenergyweuseasaresultoftechnologydevelopments.（普倫蒂斯教授說，導致我們體形變化的原因是現代生活中高熱量食物隨處可見，隨手可得，而科技的發展使得人們每天消耗的熱量卻大大減少。），由此可知，在教授看來引起肥胖的原因與吃高熱量的食物和人們每天消耗的熱量減少有關。高熱量和低消耗才是主要原因。因此D選項“高能量的食物很容易得到，我們消耗的能量更少”正確，符合題意。A選項“我們吃得太多，拒絕做體育鍛煉”，B選項“高能量食物很容易獲得，科學技術發展很快”，C選項“高能量食物是主要的飲食而且我們使用科技”均與題意不符，可排除。故選D。

12.推理判斷題。最后一段先提出問題Sowillparentsoutlivetheirchildren,asclaimedrecentlybyanAmericanobesityspecialist?（所以孩子們的壽命，會像最近的美國肥胖的專家聲稱的那樣，比他們的父母還短嗎？）并且回答到答案不確定yes-andno（既是又不是），隨后說明是的情況whentheoffspringbecomegrosslyobese（當后代變得非常肥胖時）。而最后一句SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger.（所以，就讓我們向甜甜圈和漢堡包說不。）這里不是回答開始的問題，而是呼吁人們要有健康的生活方式遠離肥胖，不是要禁止油膩食物，也不是要人們一起減肥。因此C選項“我們應該倡導健康的生活”正確，符合題意。A選項“回答父母會比孩子長壽嗎？這個問題”，B選項“應該禁止甜甜圈和漢堡包”，D選項“我們應該開始節食”均不符合題意，故選C。

19.單選題

Doctorsbelievethatsecondhandsmokemaycauselungcancerinpeoplewhodonotsmoke.Nonsmokersoftenbreatheinthesmokefromotherpeople’scigarettes.Thisissecondhandsmoke.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportsthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmericaeachyearasaresultofexposuretosecondhandsmoke.

Thesmokethatcomesfromalitcigarettecontainsmanydifferentpoisonouschemicals.Inthepast,scientistsdidnotthinkthesechemicalsharmanonsmoker’shealth.Recently,though,scientistsexpressedtheiropinionaftertheystudiedalargegroupofnonsmokers.Theydiscoveredthatevennonsmokershadunhealthyamountsofthesetoxicchemicalsintheirbodies.Asamatteroffact,almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot.Forexample,wecannotavoidsecondhandsmokeinrestaurants,hotels,andotherpublicplaces.Eventhoughmanypublicplaceshavenonsmokingareas,smokeflowsinfromtheareaswheresmokingispermitted.

Itisevenharderforchildrentoavoidsecondhandsmoke.InAmerica,ninemillionchildrenundertheageoffiveliveinhomeswithatleastonesmoker.Researchshowsthatthesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes.Thedamagingeffectsofsecondhandsmokeonchildrenalsocontinueastheygrowup.Thechildrenofsmokersaremorethantwiceaslikelytodeveloplungcancerwhentheyareadultsasthechildrenofnonsmokers.Theriskisevenhigherforthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherebothparentssmoke.

1.Itcanbeinferredthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmerica.

2.Non-smokersgetharmedbysmokers.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTlistedasanegativeeffectimposedbysecondhandsmokingonchildren?

5.Whichgroupofchildrensufferfromsecondhandsmokingtothegreaterextent?

問題1選項

A.becauseofsmoking

B.thoughtheydon’tsmoke

C.becausetheirparentssmoke

D.thoughtheirparentsdon’tsmoke

問題2選項

A.becauseofthepoisonoussmoketheybreathein

B.iftheylivetogether

C.whenthereisnonon-smokingareainthepublicutilities

D.thoughthepoisonouschemicalscontainedinthesmokedon’tharmthem

問題3選項

A.Non-smokersmaybepassivelyinvolvedinsecondhandsmoking

B.Non-smokersmaydieofsecondhandsmoking

C.Weall,moreorless,sufferfromsecondhandsmoking

D.Secondhandsmokingisevenmoreharmfulthansmokingitself

問題4選項

A.Theyaresickmoreoften

B.Theyaremorelikelytodevelopmentaldisease

C.Itwillinfluencetheirfuturelife

D.Theyaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancer

問題5選項

A.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithnosmokers

B.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithoneparentsmoking

C.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithtwoparentssmoking

D.Childrenundertheageoffivelivingawayfromtheirparents

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節事實題。文章第一段最后一句話提到美國每年大約有五萬三千人死于二手煙（TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportsthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmericaeachyearasaresultofexposuretosecondhandsmoke），由此可知選項B符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第二段提到點燃的香煙產生的煙霧含有許多不同的有毒化學物質（Thesmokethatcomesfromalitcigarettecontainsmanydifferentpoisonouschemicals），接著提到即使不吸煙的人體內也含有大量有害的有毒化學物質（Theydiscoveredthatevennonsmokershadunhealthyamountsofthesetoxicchemicalsintheirbodies），由此可知不吸煙的人之所以受吸煙人的影響是因為他們吸入了有毒氣體，因此選項A符合題意。

3.細節事實題。文章講述了二手煙的危害，選項A“不吸煙的人被迫吸入二手煙”、選項B“不吸煙的人由于吸入二手煙而喪命”、選項C“我們所有人或多或少都會受到二手煙的影響”都能在文章中體現，因此選項D符合題意。

4.細節事實題。文章并沒有提到吸入二手煙的不良影響與精神疾病有關，因此選項B符合題意。

5.細節事實題。文章最后一段最后一句話提到對于那些父母都吸煙的家庭中的孩子來說，這種風險甚至更高（Theriskisevenhigherforthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherebothparentssmoke），因此選項C符合題意。

20.單選題

Onecommon-sensereason（）childrenlearntospeakisthattheyimitatethosearoundthem.

問題1選項

A.which

B.what

C.that

D.ofwhich

【答案】D

【解析】reason做先行詞,后面一般接why引導的原因狀語從句,選項中的ofwhich=why,表示孩子們學會說話的原因。所以選項D正確。

21.單選題

Ournexttaskistoconsiderthepoliciesandprinciplesaruleroughttofollowindealingwithhissubjectsorwithhisfriends.SinceIknowmanypeoplehavewrittenonthissubject,IamconcerneditmaybethoughtpresumptuousformetowriteonIaswell,especiallysincewhatIhavetosay,asregardsthisquestioninparticular,willdiffergreatlyfromtherecommendationsofothers.Butmyhopeistowriteabookthatwillbeuseful,atleasttothosewhoreaditintelligently,andsoIthoughtitsensibletogostraighttoadiscussionofhowthingsareinreallifeandnotwastetimewithdiscussionofanimaginaryworld.Formanyauthorshaveconstructedimaginaryrepublicsandprincipalitiesthathaveneverexistedinpracticeandnevercould;forthegapbetweenhowpeopleactuallybehaveandhowtheyoughttobehaveissogreatthatanyonewhoignoreseverydayrealityinordertoliveuptoanidealwillsoondiscoverhehasbeentaughthowtodestroyhimself,nothowtopreservehimself.Foranyonewhowantstoactthepartofagoodmaninallcircumstanceswillbringabouthisownruin,forthosehehastodealwithwillnotallbegood.Soitisnecessaryforaruler,ifhewantstoholdontopower,tolearnhownottobegood,andtoknowwhenitisandwhenitisnotnecessarytousethisknowledge.

Letusleavetooneside,then,alldiscussionofimaginaryrulersandtalkaboutpracticalrealities.Imaintainthatallmen,whenpeopletalkaboutthem,andespeciallyrulers,becausetheyholdpositionsofauthority,aredescribedintermsofqualitiesthatareinextricablylinkedtocensureortopraise.Soonemanisdescribedasgenerous,anotherasamiser;oneiscalledopen-handed,anothertight-fisted;onemaniscruel,anothergentle;oneuntrustworthy,anotherself-important;onepromiscuous,anothermonogamous;onestraightforward,anotherduplicitous;onetough,anothereasy-going;oneserious,anothercheerful;onereligious,anotheratheistical;andsoon.

NowIknoweveryonewillagreethatifarulercouldhaveallthegoodqualitiesIhavelistedandnoneofthebadones,thenthiswouldbeanexcellentstateofaffairs.Butonecannothaveallthegoodqualities,noralwaysactinapraiseworthyfashion,forwedonotliveinanidealworld.Youhavetobecannyenoughtoavoidbeingthoughttohavethoseevilqualitiesthatwouldmakeitimpossibleforyoutoretainpower;asforthosethatarecompatiblewithholdingontopower,youshouldavoidthemifyoucan;butifyoucannot,thenyoushouldnotworrytoomuchifpeoplesayyouhavethem.Aboveall,donotbeupsetifyouaresupposedtohavethosevicesarulerneedsifheisgoingtostaysecurelyinpower,for,ifyouthinkaboutit,youwillrealizetherearesomewaysofbehavingthataresupposedtobevirtuous,butwouldleadtoyourdownfall,andothersthataresupposedtobewicked,butwillleadtoyourwelfareandpeaceofmind.

31.Theword“presumptuous”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans（）.

32.Ifarulerfollowsotherauthors'suggestion,hemight（）.

33.Inthebook,theauthor'sdiscussionmostlikelyfocuseson（）.

34.Ifarulerwantstosecurethepowerinhisownhands,heneeds（）.

35.Asuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe（）.

問題1選項

A.showingdishonesty

B.showingrebellion

C.showingsubmission

D.showingdisrespect

問題2選項

A.tryhisbesttobeagoodeggallthetime

B.understandtheimportantofanauthoritativestatement

C.trytogaingreatfameandhighprestige

D.knowwhentobekindandwhentobecruel

問題3選項

A.presentingarealworldtohisreaders

B.describinganidealsocietytohisreaders

C.explaininghowtoconstructaperfectsystem

D.illustratingwhatawiserulershoulddo

問題4選項

A.wickedcruelty

B.immoralqualities

C.cunningsubjects

D.disreputablerivals

問題5選項

A.OnVirtues

B.OnWisdom

C.OnPraiseandCensure

D.OnPower

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】31.語義題。根據題干關鍵詞，將信息點定位至原文第一段，根據“differgreatlyfromtherecommendationsofothers（與其他人的建議大相徑庭）”即可得出本題答案。

32.

細節推斷題。根據題干關鍵詞“aruler”可將信息點定位至原文第一段最后一句，根據“Soitisnecessaryforaruler,ifhewantstoholdontopower,tolearnhownottobegood,andtoknowwhenitisandwhenitisnotnecessarytousethisknowledge.（所以對于一個統治者來說，如果他想抓住權力不放，就必須學會如何做不好，知道什么時候該做，什么時候不該做）”即可進行合理推斷，從而得出本題答案。

33.

細節事實題。將信息點定位至原文最后一段。根據“onecannothaveallthegoodqualities,