書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-上海戲劇學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.寫作題

Moreandmorepeoplearerealizingthefactthatstudentsofhumanityandartcanbenefitthemselvesalotbyattendingtoscienceorengineeringcourse,andthestudentsofscienceandengineeringcanprofitbyreferringtohumanitydisciplinessuchasliterature,linguistics,history,andartsetc....Theimportanceoftherelationshipbetweenartandscienceisknowntoallofus,thoughsomemanyvoicedifferentopinions.Buthowtorelatesciencetoartisabigquestionforstudents.Nowpleasegiveyourstanceorposeasaresearcherinyourareainlightofrelatingarttoscienceifyouareacceptedasapostgraduatestudent.

Youshouldsupplyatitleforyourarticlewhichshouldbeabout300wordsinlength.Inthefirstpartofyourarticleyoushouldstateclearlyyourmainargument,andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportyourargumentwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.

Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.

【答案】ScienceandArt2.單選題

Despitemediareportsthattheplanewashijacked,expertswerestillinvestigatingallpossibilitiesastowhathadcausedMH370to（）fromitsoriginalflightpath.

問題1選項

A.detach

B.deviate

C.differ

D.discharge

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項detach表示“使分離，派遣”；B選項deviate表示“使偏離，越軌”；C選項differ表示“使不同，意見分歧”；D選項discharge表示“離開，放電，釋放，撤銷”。根據關鍵詞“fromitsoriginalflightpath”可知，原文講的是飛機偏離航線，因此deviate含義最符合原文句意，故本題正確答案為B選項。

3.填空題

Directions:YouaregoingtoreadamagazinearticleaboutthemeparksinBritain.Forquestions34-40,choosefromthethemeparks(A-E).Thethemeparksmaybechosenmorethanonce.Thereisanexampleatthebeginning(0).Markyouranswersontheseparateanswersheet.

Ofwhichthemeparksarethefollowingstated?

Wehadnopreviousexperienceofplaceslikethis.(0)B

Thechildrenwereallyoungenoughtoenjoyit.(34)（）

Itwasgoodthatyoucouldfindsomewheretorest.(35)（）

Itwasmoreenjoyablethanwehadexpected.(36)（）

Thechildrendisagreedaboutwhatwasthemostfrighteningride.(37)（）

Thesurroundingsarenotparticularlyattractive.(38)（）

Wedidn’tmindhavingtowaittogoontherides.(39)（）

Oneoftheridesseemedtofinishveryquickly.(40)（）

VariationsonaTheme

Ifyou’rethinkingoftakingchildrentoathemepark,therearedozenstochoosefrominBritain.Weaskedfivefamiliestotestthebest.

A.FunIsland

JanandSteveBurnstookdaughterSamantha,3,andhercousinsGary,8,andJemma,10.

LastyearwewenttoahugethemeparkintheUSandwethoughtthatFunIslandmightseemdullbycomparison.Infact,wewereimpressed.Theparktrieshardtocaterforyoungerchildren,soourthree-year-olddidn’tfeelleftout.ThekidsalllovedtheCrocodileRideandtheGiantWheel.There’saspecialdodgemsridefortheveryyoungkids,whichwasagreatsuccess.Forolderchildren,therearescarierrides,suchasSplashOut,whereyouendupjumpinginapool!Afterfivehours,SteveandIwerereadytocallitaday,butthechildrenobjectedbecausetheywerehavingsuchfun.Ouronlycriticismwouldbethattheparkisslightlylackinginatmosphere,andthescenerylavessomethingtobedesired.Butthestaffareextremelyhelpfulandwefeltitwasclean,well-organizedandverysecurity-conscious.

B.Wonderland

MariaMcMillanandherfriendFrancestookOscar,18months,Ellie,4,Alex,5,andAlexander,6.

Noneofushadbeentoathemeparkbefore,sowedidn’tknowwhattoexpect.WethoughtOscarmightbetooyoung,butheadoredit.HewasinheavenontheMountainTrain,andparticularlylikedLittleLand,withitssmallreplicasoffamousbuildingsthatwereathislevel!Theolderchildrenenjoyedtheferriswheel,andloveddrivingthetoycarsonaproperroadlayout.Wespentsixhoursthereandweregladthattherewereplaceswhereyoucouldputyourfeetup.Thelandscapingisperfectandthestaffveryhelpfulandfriendly.Andthere’ssomethingforeveryone,adultsincluded.

C.AdventureWorld

TimJeffreeandhiswifeClaretookTimothy,3,Olivia,7,andEmma,9.

Aftersevenhourswefelttherewasstillalottosee.Thisisanenormousthemepark,extremelywellrunandfullofgoodrides.ThechildrenlovetheBigTopCircus,whichhadafantasticTrapezeactandkeptusontheedgeofourseats.WewentontheTerrorLineand,althoughthegirlswereratherscaredandkepttheireyesshutmostofthetime,theysaidthey’denjoyedit.TheirfavoriteridewasRunningRiverwhereyouthinkyouaregoingtogetsoaked,butyoudon’t.Foryoungerchildren,ToyLandisgreatfun.Thechildrenhadalookatthenewride,FearFactor,butwebreathedasighofreliefwhentheyfoundthattheyweretoosmalltogoonit!Theparkissowelldesignedthatevenqueuingforridesisn’ttooboring.It’sspotlesslyclean,andthestaffaregreat.OnonerideIcouldn’tsitwithbothgirls,soamemberofstaffofferedtogowithoneofthem.

D.TheGreatPark

JennyLangridgeandherfriendLindatookBen,6,James,9,andSophie,12.

Wearrivedatoneo’clockandweredisappointedthattheparkwasonlyopenuntil5p.m.Thisisasuperthemeparkforyoungerchildrenbecausetheridesaren’ttooterrifying.I’marealcowardbutevenIenjoyedmyself.WealladoredExoticTravels,aboatridewhichstartsoffquitetamelyandthenbecomesterrificfun.WequeuedforhalfanhourforLightningRiver,andthenitwasoverbeforeweknewit!Iwouldn’tgoontheBigLeap,butifyouhavethenerve,itlookedgreat.TherearelotsofenjoyableboatandtraintripsaroundtheparkandIfeltalltheattractionswereverysafeandwellcontrolled.Ifthechildrenhadbeenalittleolder,theymighthavefounditabittame,buttheywereallintherightagegroupandtheylovedit.

E.FantasyWorld

BillBreakallandhiswifeRuthtookSarah,10,Tom,13,Jennie,15,andBen,19.

Accordingtothepark’sadvertisingthereis“NoLimittotheFun”,andwecertainlyfeltthatwastrue.Europe’stallestroller-coaster,theRocket,dominatestheskyline,andBenthoughtitwasthemostterrifyingoftherides,althoughJenniesaidtheHanger,whereyouhangupside-down30metersabovetheground,wasevenworse!Thereareadozenorsomainrides,whichtheolderchildrenwentonseveraltimes.Sarahwastoosmallforacoupleofthem,butenjoyedtheLongSlide.Tomlovedthezooandwildlifepark.Theparkiscleanandhasgoodparkingfacilities.Wefoundthestaffattitudesweremixed.Someofthemweregreatwiththeyoungerchildren,butthewelcomewasn’talwaysaswarm.YouneedafulldaytoenjoyFantasyWorld.Wewouldn’thavedaredtellthekidsweweregoinghomeearly.

【答案】34.D

35.B

36.A

37.E

38.A

39.C

40.D

【解析】34.句意：孩子們都足夠年幼，可以享受其中。由D部分中Ifthechildrenhadbeenalittleolder,theymighthavefounditabittame,buttheywereallintherightagegroupandtheylovedit.（如果孩子們再大一點，他們可能會覺得這有點乏味，但他們都在合適的年齡段，他們都很喜歡。）可知，TheGreatPark適合年幼的孩子，6歲的本、9歲的詹姆斯和12歲的索菲年齡都足夠小，玩得很開心。因此本題選D。

35.句意：你能找到地方休息，這很好。由B部分中Wespentsixhoursthereandweregladthattherewereplaceswhereyoucouldputyourfeetup.（我們在那里待了6個小時，很高興那里有可以歇腳的地方。）可知，Wonderland有可以休息的地方。因此本題選B。

36.句意：這比我們預想的要愉快得多。由A部分中LastyearwewenttoahugethemeparkintheUSandwethoughtthatFunIslandmightseemdullbycomparison.Infact,wewereimpressed.（去年我們去了美國的一個大型主題公園，我們以為相比之下，FunIsland可能會很乏味。但事實上，我們印象深刻。）可知，我們本以為FunIsland可能會很乏味，但實際上比我們預期的要玩得開心。因此本題選A。

37.句意：孩子們對什么是最可怕的項目意見不一。由E部分中Europe’stallestroller-coaster,theRocket,dominatestheskyline,andBenthoughtitwasthemostterrifyingoftherides,althoughJenniesaidtheHanger,whereyouhangupside-down30metersabovetheground,wasevenworse!（歐洲最高的過山車“火箭”占據了天際線，本認為這是最恐怖的項目，不過珍妮說倒掛在離地面30米的“倒掛金鐘”更可怕！）可知，孩子們對于FantasyWorld里最可怕的項目有不同的意見。因此本題選E。

38.句意：周圍的環境不是特別吸引人。由A部分中Ouronlycriticismwouldbethattheparkisslightlylackinginatmosphere,andthescenerylavessomethingtobedesired.（我們唯一的批評是該公園略微缺乏氛圍，風景也有待改善。）可知，FunIsland的環境不是很好。因此本題選A。

39.句意：我們并不介意等待玩游樂項目。由C部分中Theparkissowelldesignedthatevenqueuingforridesisn’ttooboring.（這個公園設計得很好，甚至排隊也不會太無聊。）可知，我們不介意在AdventureWorld排隊等待玩游樂項目。因此本題選C。

40.句意：其中一個游樂項目似乎很快就結束了。由D部分中WequeuedforhalfanhourforLightningRiver,andthenitwasoverbeforeweknewit!（我們為閃電河排隊半個小時，然后不知不覺就結束了！）可知，TheGreatPark中的閃電河項目似乎很快就結束了。因此本題選D。

4.單選題

AlthoughJohnson’sandSmith’sinitialfascinationwiththefortunesofthosejockeyingforpowerinthelawfirm（

）afterafewmonths,thetwopaidsufficientattentiontodeterminewhotheirlunchpartnersshouldbe.

問題1選項

A.revived

B.persisted

C.intensified

D.flagged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。revive“復興；蘇醒”；persist“堅持”；intensify“增強，變激烈”；flag“減退”。句意：幾個月后，盡管Johnson和Smith對律師事務所中那些運用手段圖謀權力的人的最初著迷減退了，但是這兩個人對于確定誰應該是他們的午餐伙伴的問題上非常重視。由Although和initialfascination可知空格處所填單詞應與initialfascination形成對比，故D項“減退”正確。

5.單選題

Mrs.Lackeywasawakenedbytheringingofthebedsidephone12hoursafterherhusband’sboathadbeen（

）.

問題1選項

A.wrecked

B.collapsed

C.decayed

D.fired

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項wrecked“破壞，毀滅，船舶失事”；B選項collapsed“倒塌，崩潰”；C選項decayed“腐爛，衰退”；D選項fired“點火，激發”。句意：在她丈夫的船失事12個小時后，Lackey夫人被床邊的電話鈴聲吵醒。選項A符合語境。

6.單選題

Everypossiblemeans（

）tried,butthereisnoresult.

問題1選項

A.havebeen

B.hasbeen

C.willbe

D.were

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法。主語為“everypossiblemeans”為單數，故謂語動詞用單數。而且means與try之間為被動關系，故B項正確。句意：所有可行的辦法都嘗試了，但仍然沒有用。

7.單選題

問題1選項

A.Managementofcancerpatients.

B.Reliefoftheworriesofcaregivers.

C.Emotionalstrugglewhilecaregiving.

D.Emotionalsupportforcancerpatients.

【答案】C

【解析】15.M:DoctorWhite.I’vebeenacancerpatientandacaregiver,toa,cancerpatient.Iknowkayakingwashard.Whatwasgoingonemotionally?Thatseemedsohard.

W:Whenyou’recaregiving,you’reundergoingchronicstress.You’reworryingaboutyourlovedone.

Q:Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節題。題干為：這兩個人在討論什么？由文中“Whenyou’recaregiving,you’reundergoingchronicstress.You’reworryingaboutyourlovedone.（當你做護理時，你承受著長期的壓力。你在為你在乎的人擔心）”，可知C選項“Emotionalstrugglewhilecaregiving（護理過程中的情感斗爭）”符合原文。A選項“癌癥患者的管理”；B選項“減輕照顧者的憂慮”；D選項“對患者的情感支持”不符合原文。

8.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

Winnershavedifferentpotentials.Achievementisnotthemostimportantthing.Authenticityis.Theauthenticpersonexperiencestherealityofhimselfbyknowinghimself,beinghimself,andbecomingacredible,responsiveperson.Heactualizeshisownunprecedenteduniqueness,andappreciatestheuniquenessofothers.

Globalvaluechains,orGVCs,arenotanewphenomenon,buttheyhaveexpandedanddeepenedsignificantlyinrecentyears,offeringgreateropportunitiesfordevelopingcountriestointegrateintotheglobaleconomyatlowercosts.Improvementsincommunicationtechnologyanddecliningtransportationcostsworldwidehavemadeiteasierto“unbundle”tasksinternationally.

【答案】勝利者具備不同的潛力，成就不是最重要的方面，而是真誠。真誠的人了解自我，保持自我，從而體驗到真實的自我，成為一個可信、感性的人。他實現了自己前所未有的特性，并贊賞他人的獨特之處。

全球價值鏈，簡稱GVC，并不是一種新現象，但是，近年來，它們已大大擴大和深化，為發展中國家以更低的成本融入全球經濟提供了更多的機會。全球通信技術的進步和運輸成本的下降使國際上更容易“分解”各項任務。

9.翻譯題

ThenationsmeetinghereinShanghaiunderstandwhatitisstake.Ifwedonotstandagainstterrorismnow,everycivilizednationwillatsomepointbeitstarget.Wewilldefeattheterroristsbydestroyingtheirnetwork,whereveritisfound.Wewillalsodefeattheterroristsbybuildinganenduringprosperitythatpromisesmoreopportunityandbetterlivesforalltheworld'speople.

ThecountriesofthePacificRimmadethedecisiontoopenthemselvesuptotheworld,andtheresultisoneofthegreatdevelopmentsuccessstoriesofourtime.Thepeoplesofthisregionaremoreprosperous,healthier,andbettereducatedthantheywereonlytwodecadesago.Andthisprogresshasprovedwhatopennesscanaccomplish.

【答案】在上海的與會各國都意識到了目前的危機。如果我們現在不制止恐怖主義，每個文明國家都將在某一時刻成為其襲擊目標。我們將摧毀恐怖分子的一切聯絡，無論他在何地。我們還將通過建立持久的繁榮，為全世界人民帶來更多的機會和更好的生活，從而擊敗恐怖分子。

亞太地區各國決定向世界開放，這是我們這個時代偉大的發展成就之一。與過去僅僅20年前相比，該地區人民的生活更繁榮，更健康，受教育程度更高。這樣的進步證明了開放的成果。

10.單選題

Ifoundthisveryprofitableindiminishingtheintensityofnarrow-mindedprejudice.

問題1選項

A.lessening

B.reflecting

C.removing

D.increasing

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。diminish（其現在分詞為diminishing）“使減少；使變小”；A選項lessen（其現在分詞為lessening）“減少；使縮小，使減輕”；B選項reflect（其現在分詞為reflecting）“反映；反射；反省”；C選項remove（其現在分調為removing）“移動，遷移；調動”；D選項increase（其現在分詞為increasing）“增加，加大”。句意：我發現這對于減少狹隘的偏見非常有益。根據句中“veryprofitable非常有利可圖”與“theintensityofnarrow-mindedprejudice偏見的強度”可知diminish在這里的意思為“減少”，因此A選項正確。

11.單選題

Oneofthefirst（

）ofreducedburninginAmazonrainforestswasthechestnutindustry:smoketendstodriveouttheinsectthat,bypollinatingchestnuttree,allowchestnutstodevelop.

問題1選項

A.reformers

B.casualties

C.critics

D.beneficiaries

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。reformer改革家，改良者；casualty傷亡人員；critics評論家；beneficiaries受益人。句意：在亞馬遜雨林中減少焚燒的直接受益者之一是栗子工業：通過給栗樹授粉，使栗子發育的昆蟲往往會被煙霧趕走。根據冒號后的內容可判斷空格處應填一個正面的積極詞匯，故D項正確。

12.單選題

Butagingdoesnothavetotakeatollonceitdidonherfaceandbody.Therearenowmanysolutionsavailabletoaidwomenintheirquestfortheirlonglastinghealthandbeauty.

問題1選項

A.takeover

B.composeof

C.slowdown

D.haveanegativeeffect

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組。A選項takeover“接管；接收”；B選項composeof“由……組成”；C選項slowdown“減速，放慢速度；使……慢下來”；D選項haveanegativeeffect“產生負面影響”。句意：不過，一旦衰老對她的臉和身體造成了影響，就不必為此付出代價。現在有很多方法可以幫助女性追求持久的健康和美麗。結合此處關鍵詞takeatoll“產生負面影響；造成損失；產生嚴重的不良影響”，得知D選項正確。

13.單選題

Faulkner'sneighborsbothlovedandreviledhiminthesamebreath.

問題1選項

A.scolded

B.revealed

C.revived

D.reveled

【答案】A

【解析】句意：Faulkner的鄰居們對他又愛又罵。reviled意為“辱罵，謾罵”。scolded責罵，訓斥；revealed透露，顯示；revived使復活，使恢復；reveled狂歡，陶醉。選項A與之意思相近。

14.單選題

It’nosecretweareacultureconsumedbyimage.Economisthavelongrecognizedwhat’sbeendubbedthe“beautypremium’’--theideathatprettypeople,whatevertheiraspirations,tendtodobetterin,well,almosteverything.Handsomemenearn,onaverage,5percentmorethantheirless-attractivecounterparts(good-lookingwomenearn4percentmore);prettypeoplegetmoreattentionfromteachers,bosses,andmentors;evenbabiesstarelongeratgood-lookingfaces(andwestarelongeratgood-lookingbabies).Acoupleofdecadesago,whentheeconomywasthriving,wemighthavebrushedoffthosestatisticsassuperficial.Butin2010,there’sagrowingbundleofresearchtoshowthatourbiasagainsttheunattractiveismorepervasivethanever.Andwhenitcomestotheworkplace,it’slooks,notmerit,thatalltoooftenrule.

Newsweeksurveyed202corporatehiringmanagers,fromhuman-resourcesstafftosenior-levelvicepresidents,aswellas964membersofthepublic,onlytoconfirmwhatnoqualified(orunqualified)employeewantstoadmit:fromhiringtoofficepoliticstopromotions,even,lookinggoodisnolongersomethingwecandismissasfrivolousorvain.Fifty-sevenpercentofhiringmanagerssaidqualifiedblitunattractivecandidatesarelikelytohaveahardertimelandingajob,whilemorethanhalfadvisedspendingasmuchtimeandmoneyon“makingsuretheylookattractive”asonperfectingaresume.Askedtorankemployeeattributesinorderofimportance,meanwhile,managersplacedlooksaboveeducation:ofninecharactertraits,itcameinthird,belowexperience(No.l)andconfidence(No.2)butabove‘‘whereacandidatewenttoschool”(No.4).DoesthatmeanyoushoulddropoutofHarvardandinvestinanosejob?Probablynot.Butastateschoolmightbejustasmarketable.“Thisisthenewrealityofthejobmarket,”saysoneNewYorkrecruiter.“It’sbettertobeaverageandgood-lookingthanbrilliantandunattractive.

Today’sworkingwomenhaveachieved“equality”:theydominatetheworkforce,theyarehouseholdbreadwinners,andtheybalkathavingtosubverttheirsexuality,whetherintheboardroomoronthebeach.Yetwhiletheoutside-workmilieumightaccepttheempoweredyetfeminineideal,theworkplacesurelydoesnot.Studiesshowthatunattractivewomenremainatadisadvantageinlow-levelpositionslikesecretary,whileinupper-levelfieldsthatarehistoricallymale-dominated,good-lookingwomencansufferaso-calledbimboeffect.Theyareviewedastoofeminine,lessintelligent,andlesscompetent—notonlybymenbutalsobytheirfemalepeers.

1.The“beautypremium”calledbyeconomistsmeansthat（

）.

2.Whathaveresearchesin2010provedwhenitcomestoworkplace?

3.WhatcanwelearnfromthesurveyconductedbyNewsweek?

4.Whatcanwelearnabouttoday'sworkingwomen?

5.Whatis“bimboeffect”accordingtothelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.beautifulpeopleperformbetterintheirjob

B.agoodimageisveryimportantinlandingajob

C.goodlooksensuresuccessinalmosteveryaspect

D.peopleshouldinvestmoneyandtimetobebetterlooking

問題2選項

A.itissuperficialtoattachimportancetophysicalappearance.

B.itiscommontoprefertheattractiveandhaveabiasagainsttheunattractive.

C.Itisthegeneralruletovaluebeautifullooksmorethanmerit.

D.Itislooksratherthanabilitythatplayacriticalrole.

問題3選項

A.Aperfectresumedoesnotmatterinhuntingajob.

B.Beautifulpeopletendtobemoreself-confident.

C.Beautyisanadvantageforanyonewithanyeducation.

D.Cosmeticsurgeryissuggestedtomakepeoplemorecompetitive.

問題4選項

A.Theyareenslavedbyridiculousbeautystandards.

B.Theymakeupafractionoftheworkplace.

C.Theyareconfinedtobetheroleofofficetoy.

D.Theyareunwillingtosubverttheirsexuality.

問題5選項

A.Theideathatwomenareatadisadvantageinworkplaces

B.Thebiasthatbeautifulwomenarefrivolousorvain.

C.Thenotionthatbeautifulwomenarenotintelligentorcompetent.

D.Theprejudicethatwomenshoulddojobsoflow-levelpositions

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節事實題。根據關鍵詞“beautypremium”定位到第一段第二句“theideathatprettypeople,whatevertheiraspirations,tendtodobetterin,well,almosteverything.漂亮的人，不管他們的志向是什么，幾乎在所有事情上都會做得更好。”選項C符合原文。

2.判斷推理題。根據時間點“2010”定位倒第一段最后一句“Butin2010,there’sagrowingbundleofresearchtoshowthatourbiasagainsttheunattractiveismorepervasivethanever.Andwhenitcomestotheworkplace,it’slooks,notmerit,thatalltoooftenrule.但在2010年，越來越多的研究表明，我們對相貌平平的偏見比以往任何時候都更加普遍。而在工作中，往往是外表而不是能力決定一切。”選項A在文中沒有提及；選項C相對于選項B和D來說更加準確，因此本題選C。

3.判斷推理題。根據關鍵詞“Newsweek”定位到第二段第一句“《新聞周刊》調查了202名企業人事部經理，從人力資源的員工到高級副總裁，以及964名公眾，只是為了確認不合格員工想要承認的事情：從招聘到辦公室爭斗再到晉升，實際上，看上去不錯不再是我們認為無價值的或者無用的而不予考慮。”選項A和B在文中沒有提及；選項D明顯錯誤；所以只有選項C正確。

4.細節事實題。根據最后一段第一句“Today’sworkingwomenhaveachieved“equality”:theydominatetheworkforce,theyarehouseholdbreadwinners,andtheybalkathavingtosubverttheirsexuality,whetherintheboardroomoronthebeach.今天的職業女性已經實現了“平等”：她們在勞動力中占據優勢；她們是家庭的經濟支柱；她們因為不得不顛覆性別而畏畏縮縮，不管是在會議室還是在海灘上。”也就是說，她們是不愿意顛覆自己的性別的。選項D符合原文。

5.細節事實題。根據最后一段最后一句“Theyareviewedastoofeminine,lessintelligent,andlesscompetent—notonlybymenbutalsobytheirfemalepeers.她們被認為太女性化、不夠聰明、不夠能干——不僅是男性，她們的女性同齡人也這么認為。”選項C符合原文。

15.單選題

（）touchinginO'Henry'sstoriesisthegallantrywithwhichordinarypeoplestruggletomaintaintheirdignity.

問題1選項

A.Mostis

B.Itmostlyis

C.Isitmost

D.Whatismost

【答案】D

【解析】考查主語從句。what引導的名詞性從句作主語，所以選項D正確。句意：在歐亨利的故事中，最感人的是普通人為維護自己的尊嚴而斗爭的英勇行為。

16.單選題

Thelivelihoodofeachspeciesinthevastandintricateassemblageoflivingthingsdependsontheexistenceofotherorganisms.Thisinterdependenceissometimessubtle,sometimesobvious.Perhapsthemoststraightforwarddependenceofonespeciesonanotheroccurswithparasites,organismsthatliveonorinotherlivingthingsandderivenutrientsdirectlyfromthem.Theparasiticwayoflifeiswidespread.Amultitudeofmicroorganisms(includingvirusesandbacteria)andanarmyofinvertebrates—orcreatureslackingaspinalcolumn(includingcrustaceans,insects,andmanydifferenttypesofworms)—maketheirlivingsdirectlyattheexpenseofothercreatures.Inthefaceofthisonslaught,livingthingshaveevolvedavarietyofdefensemechanismsforprotectingtheirbodiesfrominvasionbyotherorganisms.

Certainfungiandevensomekindsofbacteriasecretesubstancesknownasantibioticsintotheirenvironment.Thesesubstancesarecapableofkillingorinhibitingthegrowthofvariouskindsofbacteriathatalsooccupythearea,therebyeliminatingorreducingthecompetitionfornutrients.Thesameprincipleisusedindefenseagainstinvadersinothergroupsoforganisms.Forexample,whenattackedbydisease-causingfungiorbacteria,manykindsofplantsproducechemicalsthathelptowardofftheinvaders.

Membersoftheanimalkingdomhavedevelopedavarietyofdefensemechanismsfordealingwithparasites.Althoughthesemechanismsvaryconsiderably,allmajorgroupsofanimalsarecapableofdetectingandreactingtothepresenceof“foreign”cells.Infact,throughouttheanimalkingdom,fromspongestocertaintypesofworms,shellfish,andallvertebrates(creaturespossessingaspinalcolumn),thereisevidencethattransplantsofcellsorfragmentsoftissuesintoananimalareacceptedonlyiftheycomefromgeneticallycompatibleorcloselyrelatedindividuals.

Theabilitytodistinguishbetween“self”and“non-self”,whilepresentinallanimals,isroostefficientamongvertebrates,whichhavedevelopedanimmunesystemastheirdefensemechanism.Theimmunesystemrecognizesandtakesactionagainstforeigninvadersandtransplantedtissuesthataretreatedasforeigncells.

31.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

32.Theword“intricate”inline1isclosestinmeaningto______.

33.Accordingtothepassage,someorganismsproduceantibioticsinorderto______.

34.Accordingtothepassage,atransplantoftissuebetweengeneticallyincompatibleorganismswillresultinthetransplantedtissue______.

35.Accordingtothepassage,theabilitytodistinguishbetween“self”and“non-self”enablesvertebratesto______.

問題1選項

A.Howparasitesreproduce.

B.Howorganismsreacttoinvaders.

C.Howantibioticsworktocuredisease.

D.Howtheimmunesystemofvertebratesdeveloped.

問題2選項

A.difficult

B.widespread

C.critical

D.complex

問題3選項

A.preventdiseaseinhumans

B.aiddigestion

C.fightoffotherorganisms

D.createnewtypesofnutrients

問題4選項

A.becomingaparasite

B.beingtreatedasaninvader

C.alteringitsgeneticmakeup

D.developinganewimmunesystem

問題5選項

A.accepttransplantedcells

B.detectandreacttoinvasion

C.weakentheirimmunesystem

D.getridofantibiotics

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】31.【選項釋義】

31.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?31.這篇文章主要討論什么？

A.Howparasitesreproduce.A.寄生蟲如何繁殖。

B.Howorganismsreacttoinvaders.B.生物體如何對入侵者做出反應。

C.Howantibioticsworktocuredisease.C.抗生素是如何治療疾病的。

D.Howtheimmunesystemofvertebratesdeveloped.D.脊椎動物的免疫系統是如何發展的。

【考查點】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】首先，根據首段最后一句“生物進化出了各種各樣的防御機制來保護自己的身體免受其他生物的入侵”，和末段第一句“區分‘自我’和‘非自我’的能力，雖然存在于所有動物中，但在脊椎動物中是非常有效的，它們已經發展出一種免疫系統作為它們的防御機制”；從中可知文章首段和尾段討論的都是生物體的防御機制；然后看到文章行為結構是總分結構，開頭介紹引發生物進化出防御機制的原因，后面三段分別討論這種防御機制的作用。綜上所述，可以得知這篇文章主要討論的是生物體如何對入侵者做出反應。所以B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“寄生蟲如何繁殖”和D選項“脊椎動物的免疫系統是如何發展的”屬于以偏概全；

C選項“抗生素是如何治療疾病的”沒提及，無中生有。

32.【選項釋義】

32.Theword“intricate”inline1isclosestinmeaningto______.32.第一行中的“intricate”一詞的意思最接近______。

A.difficultA.困難的

B.widespreadB.廣泛的

C.criticalC.批判的

D.complexD.復雜的

【考查點】詞義推測題。

【解題思路】根據題干定位至第一段第一句“在這個龐大而intricate的生物群落中（inthevastandintricateassemblageoflivingthings），每個物種的生存都依賴于其他生物的存在”，由所修飾的assemblage（群落），以及并列的定語vast（龐大的）可推測，intricate應該表示“復雜”的意思，所以D項正確。/r/