夢想不會辜負每一個努力的人夢想不會辜負每一個努力的人102015年6月英語六級真題及答案（第一套）PartIWriting(30PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthesaying“Knowledgeisatreasure,butpracticeisthekeytoit.”Youcangiveanexampleortwotoillustrateyourpointofview.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.A)Prepareforhisexams.Catchuponhiswork.Attendtheconcert.Goonavacation.A)Threecrewmemberswereinvolvedintheincident.Noneofthehijackerscarriedanydeadlyweapons.TheplanehadbeenscheduledtoflytoJapan.Noneofthepassengerswereinjuredorkilled.A)Anarticleabouttheelection.Atediousjobtobedone.Anelectioncampaign.Afascinatingtopic.A)Therestaurantwasnotuptothespeakers'expectations.Therestaurantplacesmanyadsinpopularmagazines.ThecriticthoughthighlyoftheChineserestaurant.Chinatownhasgotthebestrestaurantsinthecity.A)Heisgoingtovisithismotherinthehospital.Heisgoingtotakeonanewjobnextweek.Hehasmanythingstodealwithrightnow.Hebehavesinawaynobodyunderstands.A)Alargenumberofstudentsrefusedtovotelastnight.Atleasttwentystudentsareneededtovoteonanissue.Majorcampusissueshadtobediscussedatthemeeting.Morestudentshavetoappeartomaketheirvoiceheard.A)Thewomancanhardlytellwhatshelikes.ThespeakerslikewatchingTVverymuch.ThespeakershavenothingtodobutwatchTV.ThemanseldomwatchedTVbeforeretirement.A)Thewomanshouldhaveregisteredearlier.Hewillhelpthewomansolvetheproblem.Hefindsithardtoagreewithwhatthewomansays.Thewomanwillbeabletoattendtheclassesshewants.Questions9to12arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Persuadethemantojoinhercompany.Employthemostup-to-datetechnology.Exportbikestoforeignmarkets.Expandtheirdomesticbusiness.A)Thestatesubsidizessmallandmediumenterprises.Thegovernmenthascontroloverbicycleimports.Theycancompetewiththebestdomesticmanufacturers.Theyhaveacostadvantageandcanchargehigherprices.A)Extracostsmighteatuptheirprofitsabroad.Moreworkerswillbeneededtodopackaging.Theymightlosetoforeignbikemanufacturers.Itisverydifficulttofindsuitablelocalagents.A)Reporttothemanagement.Attractforeigninvestments.Conductafeasibilitystudy.Consultfinancialexperts.Questions13to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Coalburntdailyforthecomfortofourhomes.Anythingthatcanbeusedtoproducepower.Fuelrefinedfromoilextractedfromunderground.Electricitythatkeepsallkindsofmachinesrunning.A)Oilwillsoonbereplacedbyalternativeenergysources.Oilreservesintheworldwillbeexhaustedinadecade.Oilconsumptionhasgivenrisetomanyglobalproblems.Oilproductionwillbegintodeclineworldwideby2025.A)Minimizetheuseoffossilfuels.Startdevelopingalternativefuels.Findtherealcauseforglobalwarming.Takestepstoreducethegreenhouseeffect.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions16to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Theabilitytopredictfashiontrends.Arefinedtasteforartisticworks.Yearsofpracticalexperience.Strictprofessionaltraining.A)PromotingallkindsofAmericanhand-madespecialties.Strengtheningcooperationwithforeigngovernments.Conductingtradeinartworkswithdealersoverseas.Purchasinghandicraftsfromallovertheworld.A)Shehasaccesstofashionablethings.Sheisdoingwhatsheenjoysdoing.Shecanenjoylifeonamodestsalary.Sheisfreetodowhatevershewants.PassageTwoQuestions19to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Joininneighborhoodpatrols.Getinvolvedinhiscommunity.Voicehiscomplaintstothecitycouncil.Makesuggestionstothelocalauthorities.A)Deteriorationinthequalityoflife.Increaseofpolicepatrolsatnight.Renovationofthevacantbuildings.Violationofcommunityregulations.A)Theymaytakealongtimetosolve.Theyneedassistancefromthecity.Theyhavetobedealtwithonebyone.Theyaretoobigforindividualefforts.A)Hehadgotsomegroceriesatabigdiscount.Hehadreadafunnyposternearhisseat.Hehaddoneasmalldeedofkindness.Hehadcaughtthebusjustintime.PassageThreeQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Childhoodandhealthygrowth.Pressureandheartdisease.Familylifeandhealth.Stressanddepression.A)Itexperiencedaseriesofmisfortunes.Itwasintheprocessofreorganization.Hismotherdiedofasuddenheartattack.Hiswifelefthimbecauseofhisbadtemper.A)Theywouldgivehimatriplebypasssurgery.Theycouldremovetheblockinhisartery.Theycoulddonothingtohelphim.Theywouldtryhardtosavehislife.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Whenmostpeoplethinkoftheword“education”,theythinkofapupilasasortofanimatesausagecasing.Intothisemptycasing,theteachers26stuff“education".Butgenuineeducation,asSocratesknewmorethantwothousandyearsago,isnot27thestuffingsofinformationintoaperson,butratherelicitingknowledgefromhim;itisthe28ofwhatisinthemind.“Themostimportantpartofeducation,"oncewroteWilliamErnestHocking,the29Harvardphilosopher,“isthisinstructionofamaninwhathehasinsideofhim”.And,asEdithHamiltonhasremindedus,Socratesneversaid,“Iknow,learnfromme."Hesaid,rather,“Lookintoyourownselvesandfindthe30oftruththatGodhasputintoeveryheart,andthatonlyyoucankindle(點燃)toa31."Inadialogue,Socratestakesanignorantslaveboy,withoutadayof32,andprovestotheamazedobserversthattheboyreally“knows"geometry—becausetheprinciplesofgeometryarealreadyinhismind,waitingtobecalledout.Somanyofthediscussionsand33aboutthecontentofeducationareuselessandinconclusivebecausethey34whatshould“gointo"thestudentratherthanwithwhatshouldbetakenout,andhowthiscanbestbedone.Thecollegestudentwhooncesaidtome,afteralecture,“IspendsomuchtimestudyingthatIdon'thaveachancetolearnanything,"wasclearlyexpressinghis35withthesausage-casingviewofeducation.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.“Thatwhichdoesnotkillusmakesusstronger."Butparentscan'thandleitwhenteenagersputthis36intopractice.Nowtechnologyhasbecomethenewfieldfortheage-oldbattlebetweenadultsandtheirfreedom-seekingkids.Lockedindoors,unabletogetontheirbicyclesandhangoutwiththeirfriends,teenshaveturnedtosocialmediaandtheirmobilephonestosocializewiththeirpeers.Whattheydoonlineoften37whattheymightotherwisedoiftheirmobilityweren'tsoheavily38intheageofhelicopterparenting.Socialmediaandsmart-phoneappshavebecomesopopularinrecentyearsbecauseteensneedaplacetocalltheirown.Theywantthefreedomto39theiridentityandtheworldaroundthem.Insteadof40out,theyjumponline.Asteenshavemovedonline,parentshaveprojectedtheirfearsontotheInternet,imaginingallthe41dangersthatyouthmightface一from42strangerstocruelpeerstopicturesorwordsthatcouldhauntthemonGooglefortherestoftheirlives.Ratherthanhelpingteensdevelopstrategiesfornegotiatingpubliclifeandtherisksof_43withothers,fearfulparentshavefocusedontracking,monitoringandblocking.Thesetactics(策略)don'thelpteensdeveloptheskillstheyneedtomanagecomplexsocialsituations,44risksandgethelpwhenthey'reintrouble.“Protecting”kidsmayfeelliketherightthingtodo,butit45thelearningthatteensneedtodoastheycomeofageinatechnology-soakedworld.A)assessI)mirrorsB)constrainedJ)philosophyC)containsK)potentialD)exploreL)sneakingE)influenceM)stickingF)interactingN)underminesG)interpretationO)violentH)magnifiedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.InequalityIsNotInevitableAdangeroustrendhasdevelopedoverthispastthirdofacentury.AcountrythatexperiencedsharedgrowthafterWorldWarIIbegantotearapart,somuchsothatwhentheGreatRecessionhitinlate2007,onecouldnolongerignorethedivisionthathadcometodefinetheAmericaneconomiclandscape.Howdidthis“shiningcityonahill”becometheadvancedcountrywiththegreatestlevelofinequality?Overthepastyearandahalf,TheGreatDivide,aseriesinTheNewYorkTimes,haspresentedawiderangeofexamplesthatunderminethenotionthatthereareanytrulyfundamentallawsofcapitalism.Thedynamicsoftheimperialcapitalismofthe19thcenturyneedn'tapplyinthedemocraciesofthe21st.Wedon'tneedtohavethismuchinequalityinAmerica.Ourcurrentbrandofcapitalismisafakecapitalism.ForproofofthisgobacktoourresponsetotheGreatRecession,wherewesocializedlosses,evenasweprivatizedgains.Perfectcompetitionshoulddriveprofitstozero,atleasttheoretically,butwehavemonopoliesmakingpersistentlyhighprofits.C.E.O.senjoyincomesthatareonaverage295timesthatofthetypicalworker,amuchhigherratiothaninthepast,withoutanyevidenceofaproportionateincreaseinproductivity.IfitisnotthecruellawsofeconomicsthathaveledtoAmerica'sgreatdivide,whatisit?Thestraightforwardanswer,ourpoliciesandourpolitics.PeoplegettiredofhearingaboutScandinaviansuccessstories,butthefactofthematteristhatSweden,FinlandandNorwayhaveallsucceededinhavingaboutasmuchorfastergrowthinpercapita（人均的）incomesthantheUnitedStatesandwithfargreaterequality.SowhyhasAmericachosentheseinequality-enhancingpolicies?PartoftheansweristhatasWorldWarIIfadedintomemory,sotoodidthesolidarityithadcreated.AsAmericatriumphedintheColdWar,theredidn'tseemtobearealcompetitortooureconomicmodel.Withoutthisinternationalcompetition,wenolongerhadtoshowthatoursystemcoulddeliverformostofourcitizens.Ideologyandinterestscombinedviciously.SomedrewthewronglessonfromthecollapseoftheSovietsystemin1991.Thependulumswungfrommuchtoomuchgovernmenttheretomuchtoolittlehere.Corporateinterestsarguedforgettingridofregulations,evenwhenthoseregulationshaddonesomuchtoprotectandimproveourenvironment,oursafety,ourhealthandtheeconomyitself.Butthisideologywashypocritical（虛偽的）.Thebankers,amongthestrongestadvocatesoflaissez-faire（自由放任的）economics,wereonlytoowillingtoaccepthundredsofbillionsofdollarsfromthegovernmentintheaidprogramsthathavebeenarecurringfeatureoftheglobaleconomysincethebeginningoftheThatcher-Reaganeraof“free”marketsandderegulation.TheAmericanpoliticalsystemisoverrunbymoney.Economicinequalitytranslatesintopoliticalinequality,andpoliticalinequalityyieldsincreasingeconomicinequality.Socorporatewelfareincreasesaswereducewelfareforthepoor.Congressmaintainssubsidiesforrichfarmersaswecutbackonnutritionalsupportfortheneedy.DrugcompanieshavebeengivenhundredsofbillionsofdollarsaswelimitMedicaidbenefits.Thebanksthatbroughtontheglobalfinancialcrisisgotbillionswhileatinybitwenttothehomeownersandvictimsofthesamebanks'predatory（掠奪性的）lendingpractices.Thislastdecisionwasparticularlyfoolish.Therewerealternativestothrowingmoneyatthebanksandhopingitwouldcirculatethroughincreasedlending.Ourdivisionsaredeep.Economicandgeographicsegregationhasimmunizedthoseatthetopfromtheproblemsofthosedownbelow.Likethekingsofancienttimes,theyhavecometoperceivetheirprivilegedpositionsessentiallyasanaturalright.Oureconomy,ourdemocracyandoursocietyhavepaidforthesegrossinequalities.Thetruetestofaneconomyisnothowmuchwealthitsprincescanaccumulateintaxhavens（庇護所）,buthowwelloffthetypicalcitizenis.Butaverageincomesarelowerthantheywereaquarter-centuryago.Growthhasgonetothevery,verytop,whosesharehasalmostincreasedfourtimessince1980.Moneythatwasmeanttohavetrickled（流淌）downhasinsteadevaporatedintheagreeableclimateoftheCaymanIslands.WithalmostaquarterofAmericanchildrenyoungerthan5livinginpoverty,andwithAmericadoingsolittleforitspoor,thedeprivationsofonegenerationarebeingvisiteduponthenext.Ofcourse,nocountryhasevercomeclosetoprovidingcompleteequalityofopportunity.ButwhyisAmericaoneoftheadvancedcountrieswherethelifeprospectsoftheyoungaremostsharplydeterminedbytheincomeandeducationoftheirparents?AmongthemostbitterstoriesinTheGreatDividewerethosethatportrayedthefrustrationsoftheyoung,wholongtoenterourshrinkingmiddleclass.Soaringtuitionsanddecliningincomeshaveresultedinlargerdebtburdens.Thosewithonlyahighschooldiplomahaveseentheirincomesdeclineby13percentoverthepast35years.Wherejusticeisconcerned,thereisalsoahugedivide.Intheeyesoftherestoftheworldandasignificantpartofitsownpopulation,massimprisonmenthascometodefineAmerica—acountry,itbearsrepeating,withabout5percentoftheworld'spopulationbutaroundafourthoftheworld'sprisoners.Justicehasbecomeacommodity,affordabletoonlyafew.WhileWallStreetexecutivesusedtheirexpensivelawyerstoensurethattheirrankswerenotheldaccountableforthemisdeedsthatthecrisisin2008sographicallyrevealed,thebanksabusedourlegalsystemtoforeclose（取消贖回權）onmortgagesandejecttenants,someofwhomdidnotevenowemoney.Morethanahalf-centuryago,AmericaledthewayinadvocatingfortheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights,adoptedbytheUnitedNationsin1948.Today,accesstohealthcareisamongthemostuniversallyacceptedrights,atleastintheadvancedcountries.America,despitetheimplementationoftheAffordableCareAct,istheexception.InthereliefthatmanyfeltwhentheSupremeCourtdidnotoverturntheAffordableCareAct,theimplicationsofthedecisionforMedicaidwerenotfullyappreciated.Obamacare'sobjective—toensurethatallAmericanshaveaccesstohealthcare—hasbeenblocked:24stateshavenotimplementedtheexpandedMedicaidprogram,whichwasthemeansbywhichObamacarewassupposedtodeliveronitspromisetosomeofthepoorest.Weneednotjustanewwaronpovertybutawartoprotectthemiddleclass.Solutionstotheseproblemsdonothavetobenovel.Farfromit.Makingmarketsactlikemarketswouldbeagoodplacetostart.Wemustendtherent-seekingsocietywehavegravitatedtoward,inwhichthewealthyobtainprofitsbymanipulatingthesystem.Theproblemofinequalityisnotsomuchamatteroftechnicaleconomics.It'sreallyaproblemofpracticalpolitics.Inequalityisnotjustaboutthetopmarginaltaxratebutalsoaboutourchildren'saccesstofoodandtherighttojusticeforall.Ifwespentmoreoneducation,healthandinfrastructure(基礎設施),wewouldstrengthenoureconomy,nowandinthefuture.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。Intheory,freecompetitionissupposedtoreducethemarginofprofitstotheminimum.TheUnitedStatesisnowcharacterizedbyagreatdivisionbetweentherichandthepoor.Americalackedtheincentivetocareforthemajorityofitscitizensasitfoundnorivalforitseconomicmodel.Thewealthytophavecometotakeprivilegesforgranted.Manyexamplesshowthebasiclawsofimperialcapitalismnolongerapplyinpresent-dayAmerica.Theauthorsuggestsareturntothetruespiritofthemarket.Aquarteroftheworld'sprisonerpopulationisinAmerica.GovernmentregulationinAmericawentfromoneextremetotheotherinthepasttwodecades.Justicehasbecomesoexpensivethatonlyasmallnumberofpeoplelikecorporateexecutivescanaffordit.Nocountryintheworldsofarhasbeenabletoprovidecompletelyequalopportunitiesforall.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Airpollutionisdeterioratinginmanyplacesaroundtheworld.Thefactthatpublicparksincitiesbecomecrowdedassoonasthesunshinesprovesthatpeoplelongtobreatheingreen,openspaces.Theydonotallknowwhattheyareseekingbuttheyflockthere,nevertheless.And,inthesesurroundings,theyaregenerallybothpeacefulandpeaceable.Itisraretoseepeoplefightinginagarden.Perhapsstruggleunfoldsfirst,notataneconomicorsociallevel,butovertheappropriationofair,essentialtolifeitself.Ifhumanbeingscanbreatheandshareair,theydon'tneedtostrugglewithoneanother.Unfortunately,inourwesterntradition,neithermaterialistnoridealisttheoreticiansgiveenoughconsiderationtothisbasicconditionforlife.Asforpoliticians,despiteproposingcurbsonenvironmentalpollution,theyhavenotyetcalledforittobemadeacrime.Wealthycountriesareevenallowedtopolluteiftheypayforit.Butisourlifeworthanythingotherthanmoney?Theplantworldshowsusinsilencewhatfaithfulnesstolifeconsistsof.Italsohelpsustoanewbeginning,urgingustocareforourbreath,notonlyatavitalbutalsoataspirituallevel.Theinterdependencetowhichwemustpaytheclosestattentionisthatwhichexistsbetweenourselvesandtheplantworld.Oftendescribedas“thelungsoftheplanet”,thewoodsthatcovertheearthofferusthegiftofbreathableairbyreleasingoxygen.Buttheircapacitytorenewtheairpollutedbyindustryhaslongreacheditslimit.Ifwelacktheairnecessaryforahealthylife,itisbecausewehavefilleditwithchemicalsandundercuttheabilityofplantstoregenerateit.Asweknow,rapiddeforestationcombinedwiththemassiveburningoffossilfuelsisanexplosiverecipeforanirreversibledisaster.Thefightovertheappropriationofresourceswillleadtheentireplanettohellunlesshumanslearntsharelife,bothwitheachotherandwithplants.Thistaskissimultaneouslyethicalandpoliticalbecausecanbedischargedonlywheneachtakesituponherselforhimselfandonlywhenitisaccomplishedtogetherwithothers.Thelessontaughtbyplantsisthatsharinglifeexpandsandenhancesthespherectheliving,whiledividinglifeintoso-callednaturalorhumanresourcesdiminishesit.Wemustcometviewtheair,theplantsandourselvesasthecontributorstothepreservationoflifeandgrowth,ratherthanawebofquantifiableobjectsorproductivepotentialitiesatourdisposal.Perhapsthenwewouldfinallybegintolive,ratherthanbeingconcernedwithbaresurvival.WhatdoestheauthorassumemightbetheprimaryreasonthatpeoplewouldstrugglewitheachotherTogettheirshareofcleanair.Topursueacomfortablelife.Togainahighersocialstatus.Toseekeconomicbenefits.Whatdoestheauthoraccusewesternpoliticiansof?Deprivingcommonpeopleoftherighttocleanair.Givingprioritytotheoryratherthanpracticalaction.Offeringpreferentialtreatmenttowealthycountries.Failingtopasslawstocurbenvironmentalpollution.Whatdoestheauthortrytodrawourclosestattentionto?Themassiveburningoffossilfuels.Ourrelationshiptotheplantworld.Thecapacityofplantstorenewpollutedair.Large-scaledeforestationacrosstheworld.Howcanhumanbeingsaccomplishthegoalofprotectingtheplanetaccordingtotheauthor?Byshowingrespectforplants.Bypreservingallformsoflife.Bytappingallnaturalresources.Bypoolingtheireffortstogether.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestwedoinordernotjusttosurvive?Expandthesphereofliving.Developnature'spotentials.Sharelifewithnature.Allocatetheresources.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Earlydecision—youapplytooneschool,andadmissionisbinding—seemslikeagreatchoicefornervousapplicants.Schoolsletinahigherpercentageofearly-decisionapplicants,whicharguablymeansthatyouhaveabetterchanceofgettingin.Andifyoudo,you'redonewiththewholeagonizingprocessbyDecember.Butwhatmoststudentsandparentsdon'trealizeisthatschoolshavehiddenmotivesforofferingearlydecision.Earlydecision,sinceit'sbinding,allowsschoolstofilltheirclasseswithqualifiedstudents;itallowsadmissionscommitteestoselectthestudentsthatareinparticulardemandfortheircollegeandknowthosestudentswillcome.Italsogivesschoolsahigheryieldrate,whichisoftenusedasoneofthewaystomeasurecollegeselectivityandpopularity.Theproblemisthatthisprocesseffectivelyshortensthewindowoftimestudentshavetomakeoneofthemostimportantdecisionsoftheirlivesuptothatpoint.Underregularadmissions,seniorshaveuntilMay1tochoosewhichschooltoattend;earlydecisioneffectivelystealssixmonthsfromthem,monthsthatcouldbeusedtovisitmoreschools,domoreresearch,speaktocurrentstudentsandalumni(校友)andarguablymakeamoreinformeddecision.Thereare,frankly,anastonishingnumberofexceptionalcollegesinAmerica,andforanygivenstudent,thereareanumberofschoolsthatareagreatfit.Whenstudentsbecometoofixated(專注)onaparticularschoolearlyintheadmissionsprocess,thatfixationcanleadtoseveredisappointmentiftheydon'tgetinor,iftheydo,thepossibilitythattheyarenowboundtogotoaschoolthat,giventimeforfartherreflection,maynotactuallyberightforthem.Insofarasearlydecisionoffersagenuineadmissionsedge,thatadvantagegoeslarg