2023年高考英語名校試題熱點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)話題精選

精選05食品安全及應(yīng)對熱點(diǎn)介紹隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的全球化，食品安全日益成為備受關(guān)注的熱門話題。近幾年來，世界上一些國家和地區(qū)食品安全的惡性事件不斷發(fā)生，隨著食品加工過程中化學(xué)品和新技術(shù)的廣泛使用，新的食品安全問題不斷涌現(xiàn)。盡管現(xiàn)代科技己開展到了相當(dāng)水平，但食源性疾病不管在興旺國家還是開展中國家，都沒有得到有效的控制，仍然嚴(yán)重地危害著人民的健康，成為當(dāng)今世界各國最關(guān)注的衛(wèi)生問題之一。民以食為天，食以安為先。食品是人類賴以生存和開展的最基本的物質(zhì)條件，食品安全涉及人類最基本權(quán)利的保障。在我國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中，食品工業(yè)占有重要的地位。隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷開展，食品種類越來越豐富，產(chǎn)品數(shù)量供給充足有余，在滿足食品需求供給平衡的同時，食品質(zhì)量安全問題越來越突出。假冒偽劣食品頻頻被曝光，危害消費(fèi)者身體健康和生命安全的群發(fā)性事件時有發(fā)生，食品安全問題已成為全國消費(fèi)者關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。食品安全指食品無毒、無害，符合應(yīng)當(dāng)有的營養(yǎng)要求，對人體健康不造成任何急性、亞急性或者慢性危害。根據(jù)倍諾食品安全定義，食品安全是“食物中有毒、有害物質(zhì)對人體健康影響的公共衛(wèi)生問題”。題型精選一、閱讀理解序號題型主要內(nèi)容1閱讀理解歐盟允許重新使用昆蟲飼料喂養(yǎng)動物并鼓勵人類食用昆蟲2閱讀理解研究說明孩子們更有可能喜歡天然的食物3閱讀理解實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果說明甜味劑增加癌癥風(fēng)險是不確定的4閱讀理解消費(fèi)者要注意判斷產(chǎn)品推廣是否是真實(shí)的5七選五機(jī)上食物嘗起來沒有味道的原因6完形填空雨林的消失產(chǎn)生了多個惡果1（2022?貴州黔南?高三開學(xué)考試）Firstitwaspets,thenfish.Nowit'schickensandpigs.Thelistofanimals16.推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第三段的"Oftensuchproductsarenothingmorethanmoneymakingthingsfortheirpromoters.Theresultstheyproducearequestionable,andsomearedangeroustohealth.（通常情況下，這類產(chǎn)品對他們的推廣者來說只不過是賺錢的工具。它們產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果是可疑的，有些對健康有害。）”和最后一段的"Beforebuying,itisuptotheconsumertojudgethesafetyoreffectivenessofsuchitems.（在購買之前，由消費(fèi)者來判斷這些商品的安全性或有效性。廣可知，本文作者的目的是想讓消費(fèi)者注意虛假的推廣，應(yīng)選A。二、七選五（2022?山東?濟(jì)南市歷城第二中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測）WhyDoesFoodTasteBadOnAirplanes?Howmanytimeshaveyoucomplainedaboutairlinefoodbeingtasteless?Accordingtopopularlyacceptedstudies,thereasonmightbeachangeinourabilitytoperceivetaste17Lefsgetintotheactualdetailsbeforeyougetoffended.TheCabinAiris15%DrierThantheAirontheGroundTomaintainthepressureinsidethecabin,airlinesmustcloselyregulatetheairinside,involvingchangingitscomposition.Theairinsideairplanecabinsisfarmoredrythantheairwebreatheontheground.18Inanenvironmentlikethis,yourpowersoftasteandsmellbegintodriftaway.ThePressureInsidetheCabinisLowerThanontheGroundInthepressurizedcabinapassenger'sbodilyfluidswillmoveupwardsandthenasalcavities（鼻月空）swell.Theswellingmesseswithourtastebuds,makingthefoodtasteunappealing.Youmightknowhowdininginsuchconditionsfeel,sincewe'veallfoughtcoldsinthepast.1920Badfoodcan'tbeblamedmerelyonthein-cabinconditionstoo.Ifsalsopossiblethatthefoodisactuallybad.Duetofoodsafetystandards,allmealsmustbecookedonthegroundandunbreakable.SuchrequirementsformassproductiondefinitelytiesdowntheCheFshands.Whatcanbedone?21Apparently,chefshavebeentryingtoadaptrecipesinhowfoodtastesathighaltitudes.Everyoneneedstobepatientuntilbettersolutionsformassfoodproductionarefound.Themethodoffoodproductionisdifferent.Themassproductionoffoodistoblame.Insomecases,it'sevendrierthancertaindeserts.Asickpersonisfarfromthebestjudgeoffoodquality.Thatmakesitourbody'sfault,ratherthantheairlines.Butthatdoesn'tmeanmealsservedonairplanescan'ttastejustasgood.Basically,wecan'tusethesamerecipesfbrairlinemealsthatwewoulduseontheground.【答案】17.E18.C19.D20.A21.G【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要分析了飛機(jī)上食物嘗起來沒有味道的原因。.根據(jù)上文“Howmanytimeshaveyoucomplainedaboutairlinefoodbeingtasteless?”（你有多少次抱怨航空食品無味？）可知，我們時常抱怨飛機(jī)上食物寡淡無味。Ml±l6Cthereasonmightbeachangeinourabilitytoperceivetaste（原因可能是我們感知味道的能力發(fā)生了變化）”可知，這可能是我們自身的原因，而不是食物的問題。應(yīng)選E項(xiàng)。.根據(jù)上文“Theairinsideairplanecabinsisfarmoredrythantheairwebreatheontheground.”（機(jī)艙內(nèi)的空氣比我們在地面上呼吸的空氣干燥得多。）可知，機(jī)艙內(nèi)的空氣更干燥些，再根據(jù)后文“Inanenvironmentlikethis,yourpowersoftasteandsmellbegintodriftaway."（在這樣的環(huán)境中，你的味覺和嗅覺能力開始消失。）可知，味覺和嗅覺的能力都開始消失，說明干燥的程度很嚴(yán)重，因此，設(shè)空處可進(jìn)一步描述干燥的程度。C項(xiàng)“在某些情況下，它甚至比某些沙漠還要干燥“進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充空氣的干燥程度，符合語境。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。.根據(jù)上文“Inthepressurizedcabinapassenger'sbodilyfluidswillmoveupwardsandthenasalcavitiesswell.Theswellingmesseswithourtastebuds,makingthefoodtasteunappealing.Youmightknowhowdininginsuchconditionsfeel,sincewe'veallfoughtcoldsinthepast."（在壓力艙中,乘客的體液會向上移動,鼻腔會腫脹。腫脹擾亂了我們的味蕾，使食物的味道變得毫無吸引力。你可能知道在這樣的條件下吃飯的感覺，因?yàn)槲覀兌荚c感冒作過斗爭。）可知，上文局部解釋了這與艙內(nèi)的壓力使得味蕾、鼻腔都發(fā)生變化有關(guān)。這種情況跟我們感冒時吃東西總感覺沒有味道的情況類似。由此可知，我們不能根據(jù)自身原因來評判食物。故D項(xiàng)“一個病人遠(yuǎn)不是食品質(zhì)量的最正確評判者。”符合語境。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。.設(shè)空處小標(biāo)題處，可起到概括總結(jié)的作用。根據(jù)下文“Badfoodcan、beblamedmerelyonthein-cabinconditionstoo.It'salsopossiblethatthefoodisactuallybad.Duetofoodsafetystandards,allmealsmustbecookedonthegroundandunbreakable.（糟糕的食物也不能僅僅歸咎于機(jī)艙內(nèi)的狀況。也有可能食物實(shí)際上是壞的。根據(jù)食品安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，所有的飯菜都必須在地上烹調(diào)，而且不易碎。）可知，艙內(nèi)生產(chǎn)食物的方式跟一般情況是有所不同的。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。.根據(jù)后文“Apparently,chefshavebeentryingtoadaptrecipesinhowfoodtastesathighaltitudes.Everyoneneedstobepatientuntilbettersolutionsformassfoodproductionarefbund.”（顯然，廚師們一直在努力調(diào)整食譜，以適應(yīng)高海拔地區(qū)食物的口味。在找到更好的大規(guī)模食品生產(chǎn)解決方案之前，每個人都需要耐心。）可知，我們不能在飛機(jī)上使用與地面上相同的食譜，所以廚師著手改進(jìn)配方。G項(xiàng)“基本上，我們不能使用與地面上相同的航空餐點(diǎn)食譜。”符合語境。應(yīng)選G項(xiàng)。三、完形填空（2022?上海市松江二中高三階段練習(xí)）Thebeauty,majesty,andtimelessnessofaprimaryrainforestareindescribable.Itisimpossibleto22onfilm,todescribeinwords,ortoexplaintothosewhohaveneverhadtheawe-inspiringexperienceofstandingintheheartofaprimaryrainforest.Rainforestshave23overmillionsofyearstoturnintotheincrediblycomplexenvironmentstheyaretoday.Rainforestsrepresentastoreoflivingand24renewablenaturalresourcesthatforages,byvirtueoftheirrichnessinbothanimalandplantspecies,have25awealthofresourcesforthesurvivalandwell-beingofhumankind.Theseresourceshaveincludedbasicfoodsupplies,clothing,shelter,fuel,spices,industrialrawmaterials,andmedicineforallthosewhohavelivedinthemajestyoftheforest.26,theinnerdynamicsofatropicalrainforestisanintricate（錯綜復(fù)雜的）andfragilesystem.Everythingisso27thatupsettingonepartcanleadtounknowndamageorevendestructionofthewhole.Sadly,ithastakenonlyacenturyofhumaninterventiontodestroywhatnaturedesignedto28forever.Thescaleofhuman29onecosystemseverywherehasincreasedenormouslyinthelastfewdecades.Since1980theglobaleconomyhastripledinsizeandtheworldpopulationhasincreasedby30percent.Consumptionofeverythingontheplanethasrisen-atacostofour30?In2001,TheWorldResourcesInstituteestimatedthatthedemandforrice,wheat,andcornisexpectedtogrowby40%by2020,increasingirrigationwaterdemandsby50%ormore.Theyfurtherreportedthatthedemandforwoodcoulddoublebytheyear2050;31、itisstillthetropicalforestsoftheworldthatsupplythebulkoftheworld'sdemandforwood.In1950,about15percentoftheEarth'slandsurfacewascoveredbyrainforest.Today,morethanhalfhasalreadygoneupin32.Infewerthanfiftyyears,morethanhalfoftheworld'stropicalrainforestshavefallen33tofireandthechainsaw,andtherateofdestructionisstillaccelerating.Unbelievably,morethan200,000acresofrainforestareburnedeveryday.Thatismorethan150acreslosteveryminuteofeveryday,and78millionacreslosteveryyear!Morethan20percentoftheAmazonrainforestisalreadygone,andmuchmoreisseverelythreatenedasthedestructioncontinues.ItisestimatedthattheAmazonaloneisvanishingatarateof20,000squaremilesayear.Ifnothingisdonetocurb（抑制）this34theentireAmazoncouldwellbegonewithinfiftyyears.

Massive35bringswithitmanyuglyconsequences—airandwaterpollution,soilerosion,malariaepidemics,thereleaseofcarbondioxideintotheatmosphereandthe36ofbiodiversitythroughextinctionofplantsandanimals.Fewerrainforestsmeanlessrain,lessoxygenforustobreathe,andanincreasedthreatfromglobalwarming.22.A.maintainB.captureC.claimD.prove23.A.changedB.evolvedC.expandedD.existed24.A.energizingB.healingC.isolatingD.breathing25.A.contributedB.storedC.reducedD.affected26.A.HoweverB.FurthermoreC.ThereforeD.Otherwise27.A.activeB.sensitiveC.interdependentD.delicate28.A.restoreB.supportC.reviveD.last29.A.pressureB.powerC.concernD.strength30.A.existenceB.ecosystemC.planetD.survival31.A.unfortunatelyB.consequentlyC.naturallyD.similarly32.A.storeB.foodC.smokeD.wealth33.A.subjectB.downC.apartD.victim34.A.trendB.practiceC.increaseD.attitude35.A.protectionB.industrializationC.modernizationD.deforestation36.A.appearanceB.explosionC.lossD.increase【答案】22.B23.B24.D25.A26.A27.C28.D29.A30.B31.A32.C33.D34.A35.D36.C【解析】本文是一篇說明文。雨林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)經(jīng)過幾百萬年的進(jìn)化變成了現(xiàn)在這么復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)，雨林呈現(xiàn)出生物多樣性，但同時也很脆弱，物種之間息息相關(guān)，雨林因?yàn)橐獫M足人類的經(jīng)濟(jì)開展和人口增長的需要而被人類肆意破壞，雨林正在以驚人的速度消失，同時因此產(chǎn)生了多個惡果。.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這是不可能用膠片拍攝，用語言描述，或解釋給從沒有去過雨林深處體驗(yàn)過這種令人驚嘆的經(jīng)歷的人。A.maintain保持；B.capture拍攝；C.claim聲稱；D.prove證實(shí)。上文“Thebeauty,majesty,andtimelessnessofaprimaryrainforestareindescribable.（原始雨林的美麗、莊嚴(yán)和永恒是無法形容的。廣可知，雨林的美只能親自去體驗(yàn)，電影都無法捕捉到雨林的美和神秘，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：雨林經(jīng)過了數(shù)百萬年的進(jìn)化，才形成了今天這種難以置信地復(fù)雜的環(huán)境。A.changed改變；B.evolved進(jìn)化；C.expanded擴(kuò)大，增加；D.existed存在。根據(jù)句意，雨林變成現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，是經(jīng)歷了幾百萬年的進(jìn)化才形成的，evolved符合語境。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：雨林是一個有生命和還呼吸著的可再生自然資源的寶庫，多年來，由于其豐富的動植物物種，為人類的生存和福祉貢獻(xiàn)了豐富的資源。A.energizing使人充滿活力；B.healing治療；C.isolating隔離；D.breathing呼吸。根據(jù)句意，and前后兩個詞都強(qiáng)調(diào)活著的，現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，修飾naturalresources,breathing符合語境。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：雨林是一個有生命和還呼吸著的可再生自然資源的寶庫，多年來，由于其豐富的動植物物種，為人類的生存和福祉貢獻(xiàn)了豐富的資源。A.contributed有助于，貢獻(xiàn)；B.stored儲存，容納；C.reduced減少；D.affected影響。根據(jù)句意，雨林中豐富的動植物為人類的生存做出了貢獻(xiàn)，contributed符合語境。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，熱帶雨林的內(nèi)部動態(tài)是一個復(fù)雜而脆弱的系統(tǒng)。A.However然而；B.Furthermore而且；C.Therefore因此；D.Otherwise否那么。由下句"Everythingissothatupsettingonepartcanleadtounknowndamageorevendestructionofthewhole.（——切都是如此的相互依賴，破壞——個部分會導(dǎo)致未知的損壞，甚至整個森林的毀壞。）“可知，上文寫的雨林的豐富性，此處借助于however,介紹了雨林的脆弱性，與上文形成比照。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一切都是如此的相互依賴，破壞一個局部會導(dǎo)致未知的損壞，甚至整個森林的毀壞。A.active活躍的；B.sensitive善解人意的；C.interdependent相互依賴的；D.delicate脆弱的。根據(jù)句意，“牽一發(fā)而動全身”，對雨林的任何破壞，都會危及到其他物種，甚至危及整個森林，可推知：雨林中的一切都是相互依賴的。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：可悲的是，人類只花了一個世紀(jì)的干預(yù)就摧毀了大自然設(shè)計的永存之物。A.restore恢復(fù)；B.support支持；C.revive使復(fù)興；D.last持續(xù)。上文“Rainfbrestshaveovermillionsofyearstoturnintotheincrediblycomplexenvironmentstheyaretoday.（雨林經(jīng)過了數(shù)百萬年的進(jìn)化，才形成了今天這種難以置信地復(fù)雜的環(huán)境。廣可知，短短一個世紀(jì)，人為干涉就破壞了大自然花了數(shù)百萬年進(jìn)化而來的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，倘假設(shè)沒有人為干涉，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)本是可以持續(xù)永遠(yuǎn)的，last符合語境。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。.考查名詞詞義辨析。句句意：在過去的幾十年里，人類對世界各地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的壓力大大增加。A.pressure壓力；B.power能力；C.concern憂慮,關(guān)愛；D.strength實(shí)力,強(qiáng)度。由下文“Since1980theglobaleconomyhastripledinsizeandtheworldpopulationhasincreasedby30percent.（自1980年以來，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模增長了兩倍，世界人口增長了30%廣可知，隨著人類開展經(jīng)濟(jì)的生產(chǎn)原材料的需要，以及人口增長導(dǎo)致的對生存物資的需要，人類對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的索取越加增大，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的壓力增加了。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：地球上一切事物的消耗都在增加——以我們的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)為代價。A.existence存在；B.ecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)；C.planet行星；D.survival生存。上文"Thescaleofhumanonecosystemseverywherehasincreasedenormouslyinthelastfewdecades.Since1980theglobaleconomyhastripledinsizeandtheworldpopulationhasincreasedby30percent.（在過去的幾十年里，人類對世界各地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的壓力大大增加。自1980年以來，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模增長了兩倍，世界人口增長了30%）”可知，經(jīng)濟(jì)開展和人口激增，都是在消耗地球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，以生態(tài)系統(tǒng)為代價。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他們進(jìn)一步報告說，到2050年，對木材的需求可能會翻一番；不幸的是，世界上的熱帶森林仍然是世界木材需求的主要來源。A.unfortunately不幸地，遺憾地；B.consequently因此;C.naturally自然地；D.similarly相似地。根據(jù)上下文，雨林已經(jīng)不堪重荷，但是人類對木材需求還在增加,很不幸地，壓力依然落在熱帶雨林上。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如今，一半以上的雨林已經(jīng)化為烏有。A.store商店；B.food食物；C.smoke煙；D.wealth財富。短語g。upinsmoke,意為“像煙一樣一下子就消失了，隨煙飄散”，smoke符合句意。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。.考查名詞和動詞短語辨析。句意：在不到50年的時間里，世界上一半以上的熱帶雨林都成為了火災(zāi)和電鋸的犧牲品,而且這種破壞的速度還在加快。A.subject主題;B.（fall）down跌倒；C.fall（apart）分開;D.victim受害者，犧牲品。空格處單詞與后半句中的destruction（毀滅，破壞）呼應(yīng)。短語fallvictimto,意為“成為……的犧牲品”，為固定搭配，victim符合句意。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果什么都不做去控制這種趨勢，整個亞馬遜森林會在50年內(nèi)消失。A.trend趨勢；B.practice練習(xí)；C.increase增加；D.attitude態(tài)度。上句"ItisestimatedthattheAmazonaloneisvanishingatarateof20,000squaremilesayear.（據(jù)估計，僅亞馬遜河就以每年20000平方英里的速度消失）”可知，亞馬遜河就以每年20000平方英里的速度消失，如果不控制這一趨勢，整個亞馬遜森林會在50年內(nèi)消失。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：大量的毀林會帶來嚴(yán)重的后果——空氣和水污染、水土流失、瘧疾流行、二氧化碳被釋放到大氣中，以及動植物的滅絕帶來的生物多樣性的喪失。A.protection保護(hù)；B.industrialization工業(yè)化；C.modernization現(xiàn)代化；D.deforestation濫伐森林。根據(jù)上文“Today,morethanhalfhasalreadygoneupin.Infewerthanfiftyyears,morethanhalfoftheworld'stropicalrainforestshavefallentofireandthechainsaw,andtherateofdestructionisstillaccelerating.（如今，一半以上的雨林已經(jīng)化為烏有。在不到50年的時間里，世界上一半以上的熱帶雨林都成為了火災(zāi)和電鋸的犧牲品，而且這種破壞的速度還在加快。廠可知，雨林受到前所未有的破壞，同時帶來了一系列的惡果。deforestation符合語境。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：大量的毀林會帶來嚴(yán)重的后果——空氣和水污染、水土流失、瘧疾流行、二氧化碳被釋放到大氣中，以及動植物的滅絕帶來的生物多樣性的喪失。A.appearance出現(xiàn)；B.explosion爆炸；C.loss喪失；D.increase增加。由"extinctionofplantsandanimals（植物和動物的滅絕）”可知,大規(guī)模的砍伐森林，會導(dǎo)致森林失去生物多樣性。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。allowedtofeedoninsectsisgrowing.AnewEUlawpermittingtheuseofinsectproteininchickenandpigfeedcameintoforceearlierthismonth,animportantmilestoneforanindustrydeterminedtowormitswayintotheanimal-feedbusiness.Sinceabanonprocessedanimalproteinwascarriedoutin2001becauseofthe"madcow"disease,soybeanandfishmealhavebecomethebasisofanimalfeedinEurope.Buttheirproductionneedslotsofspaceandcanbeharmfultotheenvironment,sofeedproducersarelookingforotherways.Insectsarejusttheticket.Theyareraisedinfarmsthatrequirelittlelandorwater,andtheycanbefedonagriculturalby-productsorfoodwastesuchasrottingfruitandvegetables.They9realsoanaturalfit.Mostwildfish,birdsandpigseatinsects.Theonethinggoingagainstthemisprice.Insectproteinistwotothreetimesmoreexpensivethanfishmealandsoybean.Increasingproductionmayhelpreducethedifference.Rabobank,aDutchlender,predictsthatglobalinsectproductionwillreach500,000tonnesayearby2030,upfromjust10,000tonnescurrently,andthatpriceswilltumble.Insectcompanieshaveworkedhardontheirbusiness.Researchsuggestsinsectsmaybemorethanmerefeed,promotinggrowthratesandimmunesystemsaswellasfillingstomachs.Theyalsooffertheprospect（前景）ofagreen,localprotein.ThisyeartheEuropeanFoodSafetyAgencyhasruledthatthreespeciesofinsects,yellowmealworm,locustsandhousecrickets,aresafeforhumanstoeataswell.Strangely,peopleseemlessinterestedintheideathanchickensandpigs.Whydidsoybeanandfishmealbecomelessandlesspopular?A.Theycancause“madcow“disease.B.Theyareforbiddentoproduce.C.Theymaydoharmtoenvironment.D.Theyareagriculturalby-products.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tumble“inParagraph4probablymean?A.remainuncertainB.keepsteadyC.goupD.godownWhatdoesthefifthparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theusagesofinsects.B.Thespeciesofinsects.C.Thecompaniesofinsects.D.Immunesystemsofinsects.Whatispeople'sattitudetowardtheinsectprotein?A.Objective.B.Positive.C.Unconcerned.D.Curious.【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.C【解析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹歐盟允許重新使用昆蟲飼料喂養(yǎng)動物并鼓勵人類食用昆蟲，并說明此舉原因及好處。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Sinceabanonprocessedanimalproteinwascarriedoutin2001becauseofthe"madcow“disease,soybeanandfishmealhavebecomethebasisofanimalfeedinEurope.Buttheirproductionneedslotsofspaceandcanbeharmfultotheenvironment,sofeedproducersarelookingfbrotherways.”（2001年“瘋牛病”危機(jī)爆發(fā)后，政府便禁止加工動物蛋白，而大豆和魚粉成為歐洲制作動物飼料的主要來源。但生產(chǎn)大豆和魚粉需要大量空間，對環(huán)境也不友好，所以飼料制造商正在尋找替代品。）可知，生產(chǎn)大豆和魚粉對環(huán)境有害，所以大豆和魚粉越來越不受歡迎，飼料制造商正在尋找替代品。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。.詞句猜想題。結(jié)合語意，根據(jù)第四段的第二、"Insectproteinistwotothreetimesmoreexpensivethanfishmealandsoybean.Increasingproductionmayhelpreducethedifference.（昆蟲蛋白的價格比魚粉和大豆高出2到3倍。或許擴(kuò)大產(chǎn)量有助于縮小差距。）可知，擴(kuò)大產(chǎn)量有助于降低昆蟲蛋白的價格。根據(jù)第四段的第四句中的“globalinsectproductionwillreach500,000tonnesayearby2030,upfromjust10,000tonnescurrently”（到2030年，每年全球昆蟲的產(chǎn)量將從目前的1萬噸增加至50萬噸）可知，昆蟲產(chǎn)量將會擴(kuò)大,由此推知，昆蟲蛋白的價格將會下降。所以“tumble”的意思為“下降”。A.remainuncertain依舊不穩(wěn)定；B.keepsteady保持穩(wěn)定；C.goup上升；D.godown下降。所以D項(xiàng)與“tumble”語義一致。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。.段落大意題。根據(jù)第五段"Insectcompanieshaveworkedhardontheirbusiness.Researchsuggestsinsectsmaybemorethanmerefeed,promotinggrowthratesandimmunesystemsaswellasfillingstomachs.Theyalsooffertheprospectofagreen,localprotein.^^（昆蟲公司一直在努力推銷自己的產(chǎn)品。研究說明，昆蟲不止是飼料，除了能夠填飽肚子外，它們還能夠加快發(fā)育速度、增強(qiáng)免疫力。它們開創(chuàng)了一種綠色的本地蛋白質(zhì)的未來。）可知，第五段主要介紹了昆蟲的用途：飼料、充饑、加快發(fā)育速度和增強(qiáng)免疫力。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句"Strangely,peopleseemlessinterestedintheideathanchickensandpigs."（奇怪的是，相比食用雞肉和豬肉，人們似乎對食用昆蟲這個想法沒有那么感興趣。）可知，人們對昆蟲蛋白的態(tài)度是不關(guān)心。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。2（2022?云南昆明?高三開學(xué)考試）Childrenaremorelikelytopreferfoodstheybelievetobenaturaltohuman-madeoptions,ratingthemhigherfortastiness,safetyanddesirability,astudyshows.ResearchersattheUniversitiesofEdinburghandYalestudiedthepreferencesofmorethan374adultsandchildrenintheUnitedStateswhenpresentedwithapplesandorangejuiceandtoldoftheirorigins.Inonestudy,137childrenaged6to10yearsoldwereshownthreeapples.Theyweretoldonewasgrownonafarm,onewasmadeinalab,andanothergrownonatreeinsidealab.Adultstookpartinthesamestudytocompareagegroups.Bothchildrenandadultspreferredapplestheybelievedweregrownonfarmstothosegrowninlabs,researchersfound.Childrenweremorelikelytorefertofreshness,beingoutside,orsunlightwhenconsideringwhytheychosethefarmapple.Adultsweremorelikelytomentionnaturalness.Inasecondstudy,85childrenaged5to7yearsoldandagroupof64adultswereshownfourdifferentkindsoforangejuice-onedescribedassqueezedonafarm,onewithnoinformationaboutit,onewithchemicalsremovedandonedescribedashavingchemicalsadded.Researchersfoundthattheinformationonthejuice'snaturalnesshadasignificanteffectonitsrating.Theparticipantstendedtochoosethemorenaturaloptionbasedonperceivedtaste,safetyanddesiretoconsume.DrMattiWilksoftheUniversityofEdinburgh'sSchoolofPhilosophy,PsychologyandLanguageSciencessaid,"Overallweprovideevidencethatourtendencytoprefernaturalfoodispresentinchildhood.Thisresearchoffersafirststeptowardsunderstandinghowthesepreferencesareformed,includingwhethertheyaresociallylearnedandwhatdrivesourtendencytoprefernaturalthings.”Howdidresearchersdrawtheirconclusion?A.Bydoingexperiments.B.Byanalyzingreasons.C.Bytestingchildren'stastes.D.Bystudyingdifferentfruits.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthetwostudiesmentionedinthetext?A.Adultspreferapplestoorangejuice.C.Naturalnessattractsdifferentagegroups.A.Adultspreferapplestoorangejuice.C.Naturalnessattractsdifferentagegroups.What'sDrWilks'attitudetowardthestudy?A.Doubtful.B.Tolerant.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?Chemicalsdoharmtoeaters9health.D.Labsarewherefruitscanbeeasilyplanted.Uncaring.D.Positive.WhichtoChoose,ApplesorOrangeJuice?WheretoGrowFruits,onFarmsorinLabs?NaturalFoodIsMoreMouth-wateringtoChildrenDifferentAgeGroupsShowDifferentPreferences【答案】5.A6.B7.D8.C【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，孩子們更有可能喜歡天然的食物，而不是人造的食品。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ResearchersattheUniversitiesofEdinburghandYalestudiedthepreferencesofmorethan374adultsandchildrenintheUnitedStateswhenpresentedwithapplesandorangejuiceandtoldoftheirorigins.（愛丁堡大學(xué)和耶魯大學(xué)的研究人員研究了美國374名成年人和兒童在被告知蘋果和橙汁的來源時的偏好。戶以及第三段和第四段內(nèi)容可知，研究人員通過做實(shí)驗(yàn)得出結(jié)論的。應(yīng)選A。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Inasecondstudy,85childrenaged5to7yearsoldandagroupof64adultswereshownfourdifferentkindsoforangejuice-onedescribedassqueezedonafarm,onewithnoinformationaboutit,onewithchemicalsremovedandonedescribedashavingchemicalsadded.（在第二項(xiàng)研究中,85名5至7歲的兒童和一組64名成年人被展示了四種不同的橙汁——一種描述為在農(nóng)場榨取的橙汁，一種沒有相關(guān)信息，一種不含化學(xué)物質(zhì)，還有一種描述為添加了化學(xué)物質(zhì)。）"和"Theparticipantstendedtochoosethemorenaturaloptionbasedonperceivedtaste,safetyanddesiretoconsume.（參與者傾向于根據(jù)感知至的味道、安全性和消費(fèi)欲望選擇更自然的選項(xiàng)。廠可推斷，化學(xué)物質(zhì)對食客的健康有害。應(yīng)選B。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“DrMattiWilksoftheUniversityofEdinburgh'sSchoolofPhilosophy,PsychologyandLanguageSciencessaid,"Overallweprovideevidencethatourtendencytoprefernaturalfoodispresentinchildhood.Thisresearchoffersafirststeptowardsunderstandinghowthesepreferencesareformed,includingwhethertheyaresociallylearnedandwhatdrivesourtendencytoprefernaturalthings.”（愛丁堡大學(xué)哲學(xué)、心理學(xué)和語言科學(xué)學(xué)院的馬蒂?威爾克斯博士說：“總的來說，我們提供的證據(jù)說明，我們在童年時期就有偏愛天然食物的傾向。”這項(xiàng)研究為理解這些偏好是如何形成的邁出了第一步，包括它們是否來自社會學(xué)習(xí)，以及是什么驅(qū)使我們傾向于偏好自然事物。可推斷，威爾克斯博士對這項(xiàng)研究的態(tài)度是積極的。故選D。.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Childrenaremorelikelytopreferfoodstheybelievetobenaturaltohuman-madeoptions,ratingthemhigherfortastiness,safetyanddesirability,astudyshows.（——項(xiàng)研究顯示，孩子們更有可能喜歡他們認(rèn)為是天然的食物，而不是人造的選擇，在味道、安全性和吸引力方面給它們的評分更高J'可知，文章主要介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，孩子們更有可能喜歡天然的食物，而不是人造的食品。所以“NaturalFoodIsMoreMouth-wateringtoChildren（天然食物更讓孩子垂涎三尺）”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。應(yīng)選C。3（2022?內(nèi)蒙古?滿洲里市教研培訓(xùn)中心三模）Sweeteners（甜味劑）areconsumedbymillionseverydayinproductslikedietsoda,partlyasawaytoavoidweightgainfromsugar-buthowhealthythesesubstitutesarehaslongbeencontroversial.Toassessthecancerriskofsweeteners,researchersanalysedthedataofmorethan100,000peopleinFrancewhoself-reportedtheirdiet,lifestyleandmedicalhistoryinintervalsbetween2009-2021.“Theparticipantswhoconsumedthelargestamountofsweeteners,beyondthemiddleamount,hadanincreasedcancerriskof13percentcomparedtonon-consumersjsaidMathildeTouvier,researchdirectoratFrance'sINSERMinstitute.Thestudysaidthatahighercancerriskwasparticularlyseenwithsweetenersaspartame（阿巴斯甜）andacesulfamepotassium（安賽蜜），usedinmanysoftdrinksincludingCokeZero.Softdrinksaccountedformorethanhalfoftheartificialsweetenersconsumed,whiletable-topsweetenersrepresented29percent.Thestudyfoundthat"higherriskswereobservedforbreastcancerandobesity-relatedcancers”.Touviersaid“wecannottotallyexcludebiaseslinkedtothelifestyleofconsumers”,callingforfurtherresearchtoconfirmthestudy'sresults.TheUSNationalCancerInstituteandCancerResearchUKbothsaythatsweetenersdonotcausecancer,andtheyhavebeenauthorisedforusebytheEuropeanFoodSafetyAuthority.MichaelJonesofTheInstituteofCancerResearch,Londonsaidthatthelinkreportedinthestudywas"notproofthatartificialsweetenerscausecancer”.Hesaidthefindingscouldsuggestthat"cancerriskmayberaisedinthetypeofpersonwhousesartificialsweetenerratherthanthesweeteneritself.”Thursday'sfindingsalsodonotmeanconsumersshouldrushbacktosugarydrinks-aformerstudyfoundthattheywerealsolinkedtoahigherriskofseveralcancertypes.Whydopeopleprefertochooseproductswithsweeteners?Theseproductsarecheapinprice.Sweetenersusedinthemaretotallysafe.Sweetenersinthemhelppeoplenottoputonweight.Theseproductshavebettertastethanthosewithsugar.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudy?Scientistsmainlyfocusonsweetenersusedinsoftdrinks.Thefindingswerenotsupportedbyallscientistsandinstitutes.Thedatawascollectedonalargescalefornomorethantenyears.Theintakeofsweetenerscanleadto13%participantsfacingcancerrisk.WhichofthefollowingwouldMichaelJonesagreewith?Artificialsweetenersshouldn'tbeusedcautiously.Drinkingmuchdietsodawillbringinlowerriskofcancer.Peopleshouldtakeinfoodwithsugarinsteadofsweeteners.Cancerriskmayhavemuchtodowiththelifestyleofpeople.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?Sweetenersincreasingcancerrisk:notforsureThefutureofemployingartificialsweetenersTimetorushbacktosugarydrinksAlarge-scalestudyonsweeteners【答案】9.C10.B11.D12.A【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過幾項(xiàng)不同實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果說明甜味劑增加癌癥風(fēng)險這是不確定的。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Sweeteners（甜味劑）areconsumedbymillionseverydayinproductslikedietsoda,partlyasawaytoavoidweightgainfromsugar（每天數(shù)百萬人飲食中攝入甜味劑，比方蘇打水等產(chǎn)品，局部原因是為了防止糖分的攝入導(dǎo)致體重增加廣可知，人們選擇食用甜味劑目的是防止體重的增加。應(yīng)選C。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段"wecannottotallyexcludebiaseslinkedtothelifestyleofconsumers”，callingforfurtherresearchtoconfirmthestudy'sresults（我們不能完全排除與消費(fèi)者生活方式有關(guān)的偏見，并呼吁進(jìn)一步研究來證實(shí)該研究的結(jié)果廣可知，對于這一研究的結(jié)論需要進(jìn)一步證實(shí)，由此推斷并非所有科學(xué)家和機(jī)構(gòu)都認(rèn)可這一結(jié)論。應(yīng)選B。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Toassessthecancerriskofsweeteners,researchersanalysedthedataofmorethan100,000peopleinFrancewhoself-reportedtheirdiet,lifestyleandmedicalhistoryinintervalsbetween2009-2021「（為了評估甜味劑的癌癥風(fēng)險，研究人員分析了法國10多萬人的數(shù)據(jù)，這些人在2009?2021期間自我報告了自己的飲食、生活方式和病史。）根據(jù)第六段“MichaelJonesofTheInstituteofCancerResearch,Londonsaidthatthelinkreportedinthestudywas"notproofthatartificialsweetenerscausecancer”.”（倫敦癌癥研究所的邁克爾?瓊斯說，研究報告中的聯(lián)系“并不能證明人造甜味劑會致癌”）根據(jù)第七段“Hesaidthefindingscouldsuggestthat“cancerriskmayberaisedinthetypeofpersonwhousesartificialsweetenerratherthanthesweeteneritself.（他說，研究結(jié)果可能說明，“使用人造甜味劑而不是甜味劑本身的人患癌癥的風(fēng)險可能會增加）”可知，MichaelJones認(rèn)為癌癥風(fēng)險可能與人們的生活方式有很大關(guān)系。應(yīng)選D。.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"Sweeteners（甜味劑）areconsumedbymillionseverydayinproductslikedietsoda,partlyasawaytoavoidweightgainfromsugar-buthowhealthythesesubstitutesarehaslongbeencontroversial（每天數(shù)百萬人飲食中攝入甜味劑，比方蘇打水等產(chǎn)品，局部原因是為了防止糖分的攝入導(dǎo)致體重增加，但是這些替代品有多健康一直是有爭議的）''根據(jù)第二段“Toassessthecancerriskofsweeteners,researchersanalysedthedataofmorethan100,000peopleinFrancewhoself-reportedtheirdiet,lifestyleandmedicalhistoryinintervalsbetween2009-2021（為了評估甜味劑的癌癥風(fēng)險，研究人員分析了法國1。多萬人的數(shù)據(jù)，這些人在2009-2021期間自我報告了自己的飲食、生活方式和病史。）根據(jù)第六段“TheUSNationalCancerInstituteandCancerResearchUKbothsaythatsweetenersdonotcausecancer,andtheyhavebeenauthorisedforusebytheEuropeanFoodSafetyAuthority.（美國國家癌癥研究所和英國癌癥研究所都表示，甜味劑不會導(dǎo)致癌癥，而且它們已經(jīng)得到了歐洲食品安全局的批準(zhǔn)。）可知，雖然人們食用大量甜味劑，但實(shí)際這些甜味劑是否會增加癌癥的風(fēng)險還不確定。所以短文的最正確標(biāo)題為“甜味劑增加癌癥風(fēng)險這是不確定”。應(yīng)選A。4（2022?天津市新華中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測）“InonlysixdaysIlostsevenpoundsofweight.”“Twofullinchesinthefirstthreedays!”Thesearethekindsofstatementsusedinmagazine,newspaper,radioandtelevisionads,promisingnewshapesandnewlookstothosewhobuythemedicineorthedevice.Thepromotersofproductssaytheycanshapethelegs,slimtheface,smoothwrinkles,orinsomeotherwaytoaddtobeautyordesirability.Oftensuc