2018年全國碩士研究生入學統一考試英語（二）及答案SectionI

UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.

(10points)WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto___1___uncertainty,accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewill___2__tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill___3___.Inaseriesoffourexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoBoothSchoolofBusinessandtheWisconsinSchoolofBusinesstestedstudents'willingnessto___4___themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.Forone___5___,eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.Thetwist?Halfofthepenswould___6___anelectricshockwhenclicked.Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswererigged;anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified.___7___leftaloneintheroom,thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmorejoltsthanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould___8___.Subsequentexperimentsreplicatedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,___9___thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.Thedriveto___10___isdeeplyingrainedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasicdrives___11___orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago,aco-authorofthepaper.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct—itcan____12___newscientificadvances,forinstance—butsometimessuch__13____canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo____14____thingsisaprofoundone.Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto___15___,however.Inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto___16___howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto___17____toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe___18__offollowingthroughonone'scuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine___19____itisworththeendeavor.“Thinkingaboutlong-term___20___iskeytomitigatingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity,”Hseesays.Inotherwords,don'treadonlinecomments.1.A.ignoreB.protectC.discussD.resolve2.A.refuseB.seekC.waitD.regret3.A.riseB.lastC.hurtD.mislead4.A.alertB.exposeC.tieD.treat5.A.trialB.messageC.reviewD.concept6.A.removeB.deliverC.weakenD.interrupt7.A.UnlessB.IfC.WhenD.Though8.A.changeB.continueC.disappearD.happen9.A.suchasB.ratherthanC.regardlessofD.owingto10.A.disagreeB.forgiveC.discoverD.forget11.A.payB.foodC.marriageD.schooling12.A.beginwithB.restonC.leadtoD.learnfrom13.A.inquiryB.withdrawalC.persistenceD.diligence14.A.self-deceptiveB.self-reliantC.self-evidentD.self-destructive15.A.traceB.defineC.replaceD.resist16.A.concealB.overlookC.designD.predict17.A.chooseB.rememberC.promiseD.pretend18.A.reliefB.outcomeC.planD.duty19.A.howB.whyC.whereD.whether20.A.limitationsB.investmentsC.consequencesD.strategiesSectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandrotememorization,butpractical,reportsstaffwriterStacyTeicherKhadaroointhisweek’scoverstory.Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthatstudentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlybamboozledbyabustedbikechain?AsKoziatekknows,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingisnecessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassemblingabicycle.Buthe’salsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsisseenasalmostamarkofinferiority.Schoolsinthefamilyofvocationaleducation“havethatstereotype...thatit’sforkidswhocan’tmakeitacademically,”hesays.Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmerica’sevolution.Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.ThejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated.Moreeducationisthenewmantra.Wewantmoreforourkids,andrightfullyso.Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor’sdegreesforall–andthesubtledevaluingofanythingless–missesanimportantpoint:That’snottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneeds.Yes,abachelor'sdegreeopensmoredoors.Butevennow,54percentofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljob,suchasconstructionandhigh-skillmanufacturing.Butonly44percentofworkersareadequatelytrained.Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonitspoliticalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericaisvanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.Thereisagapinworking-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren'tequippedtodothemKoziatek'sManchesterSchoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap.Koziatek'sschooliswake-upcall.Wheneducationbecomesone-size-fits-all,itrisksoverlookinganation'sdiversityofgifts.21.Abrokenbikechainismentionedtoshowstudent'slackof.A.academictrainingB.practicalabilityC.pioneeringspiritD.mechanicalmemorizetion22.Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho.A.haveastereotypedmindB.havenocareermotivationC.arefinanciallydisadvantagedD.arenotacademicallysuccessful23.WecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates.A.usedtohavemorejobopportunitiesB.usedtohavebigfinancialconcernsC.areentitledtomoreeducationalprivilegesD.arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturing24.Theheadlongpushintobachelorsdegreesforall.A.helpscreatealotofmiddle-classjobsB.maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobsC.indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducationD.isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedwirkforce25.Theauthor’sattitudetowardKoziatek’sschoolcanbedescribedas.A.tolerantB.cautiousC.supportiveD.disappointedText2Whilefossilfuels-coal,oil,gas–stillgenerateroughly85percentoftheworld’senergysupply,it’sclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar.Themovetorenewableispickingupmomentumaroundtheworld:Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.Somegrowthstemfromacommitmentbygovernmentsandfarsightedbusinessestofundcleanerenergysources.Butincreasinglythestoryisabouttheplummetingpricesofrenewables,especiallywindandsolar.Thecostofsolarpanelshasdroppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetoone-thirdinthepasteightyears.Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergysource.InScotland,forexample,windturbinesprovideenoughelectricitytopower95percentofhomes.Whiletherestoftheworldtakesthelead,notablyChinaandEurope,theUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch,forthefirsttime,windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergeneratedintheUS,reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministration.PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels–especiallycoal–asthepathtoeconomicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa,hedismissedwindpowerasanunreliableenergysource.ButthatmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyinIowa,wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestate’selectricitygeneration–andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbytheavailabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.Thequestion“whathappenswhenthewinddoesn’tbloworthesundoesn’tsshine?”hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Butaboostinthestoragecapacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowingaroundtheclockmorelikely.Theadvanceisdriveninpartbyvehiclemanufacturers,whoareplacingbigbetsonbattery-poweredvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestillararityonroadsnow,thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincomingyears.Whilethere’salongwaytogo,thetrendlinesforrenewablesarespiking.Thepaceofchangeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingup–perhapsjustintimetohaveameaningfuleffectinshowingclimatechange.WhatWashingtondoes–ordoesn’tdo–topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatatimeofaglobalshiftinthought.26.Theword“plummeting”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto______.A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27.AccordingtoParagraph3,theuseofrenewableenergyinAmerica_____.A.isprogressingnotablyB.isasextensiveasinEuropeC.facesmanychallengesD.hasprovedtobeimpractical28.ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,____.A.windisawidelyusedenergysource.B.windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuelsC.techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergyD.thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply29.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergyaccordingtoParagraphs5&6?A.Itsapplicationhasboostedbatterystorage.B.Itiscommonlyusedincarmanufacturing.C.Itscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality.D.Itssustainableexploitationwillremaindifficult.30.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatrenewableenergy____.A.willbringtheUSclosertoothercountriesB.willaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchangeC.isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernmentD.isnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscostText3Thepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthedigitaleconomyisastonishing–AmazonhasjustannouncedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychainWholeFoodsfor$13.5bn,buttwoyearsagoFacebookpaidevenmorethanthattoacquiretheWhatsAppmessagingservice,whichdoesn’thaveanyphysicalproductatall.WhatWhatsAppofferedFacebookwasanintricateandfinelydetailedwebofitsusers’friendshipsandsociallives.FacebookpromisedtheEuropeancommissionthenthatitwouldnotlinkphonenumberstoFacebookidentities,butitbrokethepromisealmostassoonasthedealwentthrough.Evenwithoutknowingwhatwasinthemessages,theknowledgeofwhosentthemandtowhomwasenormouslyrevealingandstillcouldbe.Whatpoliticaljournalist,whatpartywhip,wouldnotwanttoknowthemakeupoftheWhatsAppgroupsinwhichTheresaMay’senemiesarecurrentlyplotting?ItmaybethatthevaluetoAmazonisnotsomuchthe460shopsitowns,buttherecordsofwhichcustomershavepurchasedwhat.Competitionlawappearstobetheonlywaytoaddresstheseimbalancesofpower.Butitisclumsy.Foronething,itisveryslowcomparedtothepaceofchangewithinthedigitaleconomy.Bythetimeaproblemhasbeenaddressedandremedieditmayhavevanishedinthemarketplace,tobereplacedbynewabusesofpower.Butthereisadeeperconceptualproblem,too.Competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreteddealswithfinancialdisadvantagetoconsumersandthisisnotobviouswhentheusersoftheseservicesdon’tpayforthem.Theusersoftheirservicesarenottheircustomers.Thatwouldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem–andFacebookandGoogle,thetwovirtualgiants,dominatedigitaladvertisingtothedisadvantageofallothermediaandentertainmentcompanies.Theproductthey’resellingisdata,andwe,theusers,convertourlivestodataforthebenefitofthedigitalgiants.Justassomeantsfarmthebugscalledaphidsforthehoneydewtheyproducewhentheyfeed,soGooglefarmsusforthedatathatourdigitallivesyield.Antskeeppredatoryinsectsawayfromwheretheiraphidsfeed;Gmailkeepsthespammersoutofourinboxes.Itdoesn’tfeellikeahumanordemocraticrelationship,evenifbothsidesbenefit.31.AccordingtoParagraph1,FacebookacquiredWhatsAppforits A. digitalproducts B. userinformation C. physicalassets D. qualityservice32.LinkingphonenumberstoFacebookidentitiesmay______. A. worsenpoliticaldisputes B. messupcustomerrecords C. posearisktoFacebookusers D. misleadtheEuropeancommission33.Accordingtotheauthor,competitionlaw______. A. shouldservethenewmarketpowers B. mayworsentheeconomicimbalance C. shouldnotprovidejustonelegalsolution D. cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket34.CompetitionlawaspresentlyinterpretedcanhardlyprotectFacebookusersbecause______.A.theyarenotdefinedascustomersB.theyarenotfinanciallyreliableC.theservicesaregenerallydigitalD.theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers35.Theantsanalogyisusedtoillustrate______. A. awin-winbusinessmodelbetweendigitalgiants B. atypicalcompetitionpatternamongdigitalgiants C. thebenefitsprovidedfordigitalgiants’customers D. therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusersText4Tocombatthetrapofputtingapremiumonbeingbusy,GalNewport,antherofDeepWork:RulesforFocusedSuccessinaDistrictedworld,recommendsbuildingahabitof“deepwork”,—theabilitytofocuswithoutdistraction.Thereareanumberofapproachestomasteringthemasteringtheartofdeepwork-beitlengthyretreats,dedicatedtoaspecifictask;developingadailyritual;ortakinga“journalistic”approachtoseizingmomentsofdeepworkwhenyoucanthroughouttheday.Whicheverapproach,thekeyistodetermineyourlengthoffocustimeandsticktoit.Newportalsorecommends“deepscheduling”tocombatconstantinterruptionsandgetmoredowninlesstime.Atanygivenpoint,Isholdhasdeepworkscheduledforroughlythenextmonth.OnceonthecalendarIprotectthistimelike,Iwouldadoctor'sappointmentorimportantmeeting,hewrites.Anotherapproachtogettingmoredowninlesstimeistorethinkhowyouprioritizeyourday-inparticularhowwecraftourto-dolists.TimHarford,authorofMessy.ThePowerofDisordertoTransformOurLives,pointstoastudyintheearly1980s,thatdividedundergraduatesintotwogroups:somewereadvisedtosetoutmonthlygoalsandstudyactivities;othersweretoldtoplanactivitiesandgoldsinmuchtimedetaildaybyday.Whiletheresearchersassumedthatthewell-structureddailyplanswouldbemosteffectivewhenitcametotheexecutionoftasks,theywerewrong:thedetaileddailyplansdemotivatedstudents.Hartfordarguesthatinevitabledistractionsoftenrenderthedailyto-dolistineffective,whilelivingroomforimprovisationinsuchalistcanreapthebestresults.Inordertomakethemostofourfocusandenergy.Wealsoneedtoembracedowntime,orasNewportsuggests,“belazy.”“Idlenessisnotjustavacation,anindulgenceoravice;itisindispensabletobebrainasVitaminDistothebody…[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessarytogettinganyworkdone,”heargues.SririPillayanassistantofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool,believesthiscounter-intuitivelinkbetweendowntimeandproductivitymaybeduetothewayourbrainsoperate.Whenourbrainsswitchbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocusedonatask,theytendtobemoreefficient.“Whatpeopledon'trealiseisthat,inordertocompletethesetaskstheyneedtouseboththefocusandunfocuscircuitsintheirbrain”,saysPillay.36.Thekeytomasteringtheartofdeepworkisto____.A.keeptoyourfocustimeB.listyourimmediatetasksC.makespecificdailyplansD.seizeeveryminutetowork37.Thestudyintheearly1980scitedbyHarvardshowsthat____.A.distractionsmayactuallyincreaseefficiencyB.dailyschedulesareindispensabletostudyingC.studentsarehardlymotivatedbymonthlygoalsD.detailedplansmanynotbeasfruitfulasexpected38.AccordingtoNewport,idlenessis____.A. adesirablementalstateforbusypeople amajorcontributortophysicalhealthaneffectivewaytosavetimeandenergyanessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork.39.Pillaybelievesthatourbrains’shiftbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocused______.A.canresultin.Psychologicalwill-beingB.canbringaboutgreaterefficiencyC.isaimedatabetterbalanceinworkD.isdrivenbytaskurgency40.Thistextismainlyabout______.A.waystorelievethetensionofbusylifeB.approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstimeC.thekeytoeliminatingdistractionsD.thecauseofthelackoffocustimePartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)JustsayitBepresentPayauniquecomplimentName,places,thingsFindthe“metoo”sSkipthesmalltalkAskforanopinionFivewaystomakeconversationwithanyoneConversationsarelinks,whichmeanswhenyouhaveaconversationwithanewpersonalinkgetsformedandeveryconversationyouhaveafterthatmomentwillstrengthenthelink.Youmeetnewpeopleeveryday:thegroceryworker,thecabdriver,newpeopleatworkorthesecurityguardatthedoor.Simplystartingaconversationwiththemwillformalink.Herearefivesimplewaysthatyoucanmakethefirstmoveandstartaconversationwithstrangers.41.__________Supposeyouareinaroomwithsomeoneyoudon'tknowandsomethingwithinyousays“Iwanttotalkwiththisperson”-thisissomethingthemostlyhappenswithallofus.Youwantedtosaysomething-thefirstword-butitjustwon'tcomeout.Itfeelslikeitisstucksomewhere,Iknowthefeelingsandhereismyadvicejustgetitout.Justthink:thatistheworstthatcouldhappen?Theywon'ttalkwithyou?Well,theyarenottalkingwithyounow!Itrulybelievethatonceyougetthatfirstwordouteverythingelsewilljustflow.Sokeepitsimple:“Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”——dothebestyoucantogatheralloftheenthusiasmandenergyyoucan,putonabigsmileandsay“Hi”.42.____________________It’saproblemallofusface:youhavelimitedtimewiththepersonthatyouwanttotalkwithandyouwanttomakethistalk,memorable.Honestly,ifwegotstuck,intherut,of“hi”,“hello”,“howareyou”“andwhat'sgoingon?”youwillfailtogivetheinitialJolttotheconversationthatcanmakeitsomemorable.Sodon'tbeafraid,toaskmorepersonalquestions.Trustme,you’llbesurprisedtoseehowmuchpeoplearewillingtoshareifyoujustask.43.____________________Whenyoumeetapersonforthefirsttime,makeanefforttofindthethingswhichyouandthatperson,haveincommonsothatyoucanbuildtheconversation,fromthatpoint.Whenyoustartaconversationfromthereandthenmoveoutward,youwillfindallofasuddenthattheconversationbecomesaloteasier.44.____________________Imagineyouarepouringyourheartouttosomeoneandtheyarejustbusyontheirphone,andifyouask,fortheirattention,yougettheresponse“IcanMultitask”.Sowhensomeonetries,tocommunicatewithyou,justbeinthatcommunicationwholeheartedly.Makeeyecontact,youcanfeeltheconversation.45.____________________Youallcameintoaconversation,whereyoufirstmettheperson,butaftersometimeyoumayhavemetagain,andhaveforgottentheirname.Isn'tthatawkward!Sorememberthelittledetailsofthepeopleyoumight,oryoutalkedwith;perhapstheplacestheyhavebeento,theplacetheywanttogo,thethingstheylike,thethingtheyhate-whateveryoutalkaboutWhenyouremembersuchthingyoucanautomaticallybecomeinvestorintheirwellbeing.SotheyfeelaresponsibilitytoyoutokeepbadrelationshipgoingThat'sit.Fiveamazingwaysthatyoucanmakeconversationwithalmostanyone.Everypersonisareallygoodbooktoread,ortohaveaconversationwith!A.bepresent41.B.justsayit42.C.askforanopinion43.D.name,places,things44.E.findthe"metoo"s45.F.payauniquecomplimentG.skipthesmalltalkSectionⅢTranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.Writeyour

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ANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Afifthgradergetsahomeworkassignmenttoselecthisfuturecareerpathfromalistofoccupations.Heticks“astronaut”butquicklyadds“scientist”tothelistandselectsitaswell.Theboyisconvincedthatifhereadsenough,hecanexploreasmanycareerpathsashelikes.Andsohereads——everythingfromencyclopaediastosciencefictionnovels.Hereadssoferventlythathisparentshavetoinstitutea“noreadingpolicy”atthedinnertable.ThatboywasBillGates,andhehasn’tstoppedreadingyet——notevenafterbecomingoneofthemostsuccessfulpeopleontheplanet.Nowadays,hisreadingmaterialhaschangedfromsciencefictionandreferencebooks:recently,herevealedthathereadsatleast50nonfictionbooksayear.Gateschoosesnonfictiontitlesbecausetheyexplainhowtheworldwoks.“Eachbookopensupnewavenuesofknowledgetoexplore,”——Gatessay.SectionIV

WritingPartADirections:SupposeyouhavetocancelyourtravelplanandwillnotbeabletovisitprofessorSmith.Writehimanemailto1)apologizeandexplainthesituation;2)suggestafuturemeeting.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Don’tuseyourownname,use“LiMing”instead.Don’twriteyouraddress.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyouressay,youshouldinterpretthechart,andgiveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)答案解析1、【答案】[B]resolve【解析】此處考察詞義辨析。首段首句以問句形式提出文章中心：人們瀏覽網絡負面評論信息以及做一些明顯令人痛苦的事情的原因。第二句給出原因：因為人們內心里有一種____（生活中的）不確定因素或不安的需求，空格處所需的動詞需要和后面的賓語uncertainty構成語義搭配。B選項resolve（解決、消除）符合語義要求；A選項protect（保護），C選項discuss（討論），D選項ignore（忽略）帶入空格后，語義不通順，均排除。故正確答案為B選項resolve。2、【答案】[D]seek【解析】此處考察詞義辨析?？崭袼诰渲赋觯哼@項新研究表明，這種求知需求如此強烈以至于人們會_____（答案）來滿足他們的好奇心即使他們清楚答案會_____。空格處所填入的詞需要和后面隱含的賓語答案來構成順暢的語義搭配，只有D選項seek（試圖、設法、尋找）符合要求；A選項refuse（拒絕），B選wait（等待），C選項regret（遺憾）帶入后，語義不通順。故正確答案為[D]seek。3、【答案】[A]hurt【解析】此處考察詞義辨析。空格所在句指出：這項新研究表明，這種求知需求如此強烈以至于人們尋找答案來滿足他們的好奇心即使答案明顯_____.本句中的evenwhen（即使）構成了前后的對立關系，因此空格處所填入的詞需和前面的感情色彩詞“strong”及語義構成對立，只有A選項hurt（令人痛苦）符合要求；另外此處的itisclearthattheanswerwillhurt也和第一句中的thatwillobviouslybepainful構成了近義復現。故A選項為正確答案。4、【答案】[D]expose【解析】此處考察固定短語?？崭袼谔?，構成了___oneselftosth結構，只有D選項expose符合要求（使某人暴露在……中），故D選項expose為正確答案。5、【答案】[C]trail【解析】此處考察詞義辨析。本段段首提到“aseriesoffourexperiments”，空格所在句給出其中一個實驗的信息，只有C選項trail與experiment語義相近，故正確答案為C選項trail。6、【答案】【D】deliver【解析】此處考察上下文信息對應以及動賓搭配問題。上文指出：Foronetrial,eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.在一個試驗中，研究人員給每位受試者一堆筆并聲稱其源于先前的實驗。這是實驗的背景。下文具體實驗展開，Halfofthepenswould…anelectricshockwhenclicked.有一半的比在按下的時候會使使人觸電。所以比對選項，要選擇deliver,發出，遞送。因此選擇D.deliver7、【答案】【A】when【解析】此處考察上下文句間的邏輯關系。空前空后是狀語的關系。上文講的是Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswererigged;another27weretoldonly…研究人員告知了27名受試學生哪些筆是內有玄機，而另外27名學生只知道有些筆是帶電的。下文就是具體的發生的實驗狀態了。當他們獨自在房里時,…而不是條件if,unless或者轉折關系。因此選擇A。8、【答案】【B】happen【解析】此處考察上下語境下的句內動詞關系。根據上文的實驗背景，試驗中27個人知道哪些筆是內有玄機，而另外27名學生只知道有些筆是帶電的。下面的告知了實驗的結論：當他們獨自在房里時，那些不知哪些筆帶電的學生按下了更多的筆頭，比這些受試者多，后面是定語，顯然這些受試者是只上文被告知的人，所以這些人知道thestudentswhoknewwhatwouldhappen，強調結果性。所以選擇B.happen9、【答案】【D】suchas【解析】此處考察句間的邏輯關系。上文在之后其他刺激因素的實驗中,后文講到具體的實驗：指甲刮黑板的聲音和令人生厭的昆蟲圖片顯然這里需要例證關系，故選擇D.suchas10、【答案】【A】discover【解析】此處考察上下文的信息對應和句內信息對應。這是個中心復現詞，文章開篇提出：Thehumandrivetoresolveuncertaintyissostrong

…人們對于尋找答案以消除不確定因素總是樂此不疲.再根據上文的實驗，都表示這是一種discover的需求，越是不確定的，越好奇。故選擇A.discover11、【答案】[D]food【解析】此處考察同義復現。這個空出現在卡內基梅隆大學(CarnegieMellonUniversity)的觀點中，前后觀點沒有任何轉折連詞，所以前后句應該一脈相承。前文中thedriveisdeeplyrootedinhuman，指的是人類根深蒂固的本性，而且后文也說到curiosityisagoodinstinct（本能），探索的動力在人類中根深蒂固，與食物或避難所的基本動力相當。因此此處應該選food。A選項pay支付；B選項marriage婚姻；C選項schooling學習教育，皆不符合文意。12、【答案】[A]leadto【解析】此處考察成分搭配。原文表達：好奇心通常被認為是一種很好的本能——它會________新的科學進步,此處選擇A選項leadto符合文意。B選項reston取決于；C選項learnfrom向…學習；D選項beginwith以…開始，皆不符合文意。13、【答案】[C]inquiry【解析】此處考察反義復現。原文表達：butsometimessuch_________canbackfire.but一詞的出現就說明前后兩句話是轉折句義，前文說好奇心會帶來新的科學進步；后文的一個指示代詞such一出現，就證明和前句的主語是一致的，在此只能選擇curiosity的近義詞，為Cinquiry。A選項withdrawal撤回；B選項persistence堅持；D選項diligence勤奮，皆不符合文意。14、【答案】[B]self-destructive【解析】此處考察成分搭配。Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo______thingsisaprofoundone。因為前文有所提示，butsometimessuch_________canbackfire，有時候好奇心會適得其反，這句話也是對于上文的承接，因此這里需要填入的是好奇心帶來的副作用的表達，因此選[B]self-destructive自我毀滅的。A選項self-reliant自力更生的；C選項self-evident顯而易見的；D選項self-deceptive自欺欺人的，皆不符合文意。15、【答案】[B]resist【解析】此處考察同義復現。Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto__________,however.這句話之后出現了論據，用以支撐前文的論點：Inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedtopredicthowtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelytochoosetoseesuchanimage，在最后的實驗中，那些積極預測自己目睹不太悅目圖片感受的受試者，他們選擇此類圖片的可能性較小。此處picturewerelesslikelytochoosetoseesuchanimage=resist，是對于本段論點句的同義復現，因為選擇B選項resist。A選項define定義；C選項replace替代；D選項trace追蹤，皆不符合文意。16、【答案】[B]predict【解析】此處考察句間邏輯關系，屬于句子內部的顯性線索。本段首句是本段的中心：然而，抵制病態的好奇心理是并非不可能。所以可以預測出這一段會圍繞抵制病態的好奇心會有什么好的影響。Inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto16howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto17toseesuchanimage.16題所在句子是participants的后置定語，用來修飾受測者，他們積極地去如何，與后面定語從句中目睹不太愉悅的照片后他們將（would）會有什么樣的感覺，可以得出是提前想象出來的，故選擇Bpredict,預測。17、【答案】[C]choose【解析】此處考察句間邏輯關系，屬于句子內部的顯性線索。此題所在句子結構化簡后是participantswerelesslikelyto17toseesuchanimage.這里面的suchimage指的是上面提到的anunpleasantpicture，所以既然已經知道圖片會帶來不愉悅的感覺，就不可能去選擇了，故選擇C,choose選擇。18、【答案】[D]outcome【解析】此處考察句間邏輯關系，屬于句子內部的顯性線索。Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe18offollowingthroughonone'scuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine19itisworththeendeavor.18題所在位置是the18offollowingthroughonone'scuriosityaheadoftime此短語是imagining同位語，用來解釋imagining：為利用好奇心可提前想象的結果。所以此題選擇是的imagining的同義詞。19、【答案】[B]whether【解析】此處考察句間的邏輯關系。imaginingcanhelpdetermine19itisworththeendeavor.這種結果可以幫助人們決定它們。。。值得一試。根據句間邏輯關系，這些研究結果表明，利用好奇心可提前想象事件的結果，從而幫助人們決定它們是否值得一試。故Bwhether為正確選項。20、【答案】[A]consequences【解析】此處考察詞義辨析。“Thinkingaboutlong-term20iskeytomi