住在富人區的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南政法大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據實際調整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Manysoldiershavetoremindthemselveswhentheyreturnhomenottouse（

）languageofthebarracks.

問題1選項

A.vulgar

B.gross

C.rough

D.coarse

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項vulgar“通俗的”；B選項gross“惡劣的”；C選項rough“粗糙的”；D選項coarse“粗俗的，下等的”。句意：許多士兵回家后不得不提醒自己不要在軍營里說粗話?選項D更符合語境。

2.單選題

Accordingtothe“hygienehypothesis”firstproposedin1989,exposuretoavarietyofbacteria,virusesandparasiticwormsearlyinlifehelpsprimeachild’simmunesystem,muchlikesensoryexperiencesprogramhisbrain.Withoutsuchearlyinstruction,theimmunesystemmaygoindisorderandoverreactwithallergiestofoods,pollenandpetfurorturnonthebody’sowntissue,settingoffautoimmunedisorders.

Manyofthesemicroorganismsevolvedsymbioticallywithhumansovermillionsofyears—theso-called"oldfriends’’theory.Butwheretheyhavebeeneradicated,akeypartofhumandevelopmenthasbeenthrownoff.“Thevastmajorityofmicrobesareharmless.Thereareonlyafewdozenthatcancauselethalinfections.”saysThomasMcDade,directoroftheLaboratoryforHumanBiologyResearchatNorthwesternUniversity.

In1998,aboutoneinfivechildreninindustrializedcountriessufferedfromallergicdiseasessuchasasthma,allergiesandrashes,accordingtotheInternationalStudyofAsthmaandAllergiesinChildhood,aglobalresearchinitiative.TheincidenceofpeanutallergyintheUStripledbetween1997and2008,accordingtoareportfromMountSinaiSchoolofMedicineinNewYork.ButsuchdiseasesarestillrelativelyrareinAfricaandruralAsia.“Thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseasesisamirrorimageofthegeographicaldistributionofvariousinfectiousdiseases.”saysareportbyFrenchresearchersdevotedtothehygienehypothesis.

Exposuretoimmune-stimulatinggermsmayalsolowertheriskofheartdisease,accordingtoDr.McDade.Butthereareotherdangerslurkinginmuddywaterandanimalfaces.MichaelBell,aninfectiousdiseasespecialistanddeputydirectorofHealthcareQualityPromotionattheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,saysthatpeopleshouldbevigilantaboutwoundcaresincebacteriacancauseproblemsiftheygetintothebloodstream,andhestilladvocateshand-washing.“Ifyou’renotdoingittentimesaday,you'reprobablynotdoingitenough.”hesays.Butheandotherexpertssaythatregularsoapandwaterarefineinmostcases.Sterilizinghandsiscriticalmainlyforhealth-careworkersandinhospitals,wheredisease-causinggermsareprevalentandcaneasilyspread.

Manyexpertsadvisecommonsense.“Wedon’twanttosaytochildren.OK,playbythedirtyriverbankandcatchwhateveryoucan.”saysDr.Weinstocks."Butwecansaythere'snothingwrongwithkidsplayinginthedirt.Theydon'thavetoliveintotalsanitation,andtheywon’tdiefromeatingsomethingoffthefloor.It’sprobablymorehealthythannot.”

1.The“hygienehypothesis”proposedthatexposuretovariousvirusesandgermsinearlychildhood（

）.

2.Whatifwelivewithoutanymicroorganisms?

3.AccordingtoFrenchresearchers,thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseases

（

）.

4.WhatdoesMichaelBellsuggestwedoindailylife?

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.eliminateschildhooddiseasessuchasasthmaandallergies

B.provestobeanimportantpreventionagainstcancer

C.provestobenecessaryforthedevelopmentofimmunesystem

D.increasessusceptibilitytoallergicandautoimmunediseases

問題2選項

A.Wewillneverbeinvolvedintheallergies.

B.Wewilleradicatetheoutbreaksofmanyinfectiousdiseases.

C.Wemaymissanimportantpartofhumandevelopment.

D.Wemayfindnoeffectivemedicalcuretomanydisease.

問題3選項

A.hasnothingtodowiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

B.isexactlythesamewiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

C.iscompletelyoppositetothatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

D.showsnocomparabilitywiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

問題4選項

A.Becarefulaboutwoundcare.

B.Washhandswithin10timesaday.

C.Consulthealth-careworkers.

D.Sterilizeyourhandseveryday.

問題5選項

A.Childrenshouldbeencouragedtoplayindirtyplaces.

B.Moreeffortsshouldbemadeinpublichealth.

C.Parentsneedn’tworryaboutchildrenplayinginthedirt.

D.Excessivecleannessisrequiredathomebutnotoutdoors.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據第一段第一句“根據1989年首次提出的“衛生假說”，兒童在早期的生活中接觸各種細菌、病毒和寄生蟲，有助于兒童的免疫系統做好準備，就像感官體驗對大腦進行編程一樣。”由此可推斷，這個“衛生假說”證明了免疫系統發展的重要性，選項C符合原文。

2.細節事實題。根據第二段一二句“Manyofthesemicroorganismsevolvedsymbioticallywithhumansovermillionsofyears—theso-called“oldfriends”theory.Butwheretheyhavebeeneradicated,akeypartofhumandevelopmenthasbeenthrownoff.許多微生物在數百萬年的時間里與人類共生進化，這就是所謂的“老朋友”理論。但是，在它們被根除的地方，人類發展的一個關鍵部分就被拋棄了。”選項C符合原文。

3.判斷推斷題。根據關鍵詞“Frenchresearchers”定位到第三段最后一句“‘Thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseasesisamirrorimageofthegeographicaldistributionofvariousinfectiousdiseases.’saysareportbyFrenchresearchersdevotedtothehygienehypothesis.‘過敏和自身免疫性疾病的地理分布是各種傳染病地理分布的一個鏡像。’一份由法國研究人員撰寫的關于衛生假說的報告稱。”鏡像與原像是相反的，這里是說他們的地理分布也是完全相反的，所以選項C正確。

4.細節事實題。根據關鍵詞“MichaelBell”定位到倒數第二段第三句“MichaelBell,...,saysthatpeopleshouldbevigilantaboutwoundcaresincebacteriacancauseproblemsiftheygetintothebloodstream,andhestilladvocateshand-washing.MichaelBell表示，人們應該要注意傷口的護理，因為細菌一旦進入血液就會引發問題，他還提倡勤洗手。”選項A符合原文；選項B和D不符合原文描述；選項D在文中沒有提及，所以本題選A。

5.判斷推理題。根據最后一段第二句“...there'snothingwrongwithkidsplayinginthedirt.Theydon'thavetoliveintotalsanitation,...孩子們在泥土里玩耍沒有什么錯，他們不必生活在完全衛生的環境中...”所以選項C“父母不必擔心孩子在泥土里玩耍”符合原文。

3.翻譯題

PutthefollowingpassagesintoChinese:

Thecompromiseallegeddistastefultothosewhoarereservedastotheworthofarbitrationisnotthe"honorific"type.Properly,itisthe"invidiouscompromise."Thismeansnotconsideringthemeritsofthematter,butrecognizingtheouterlimitsandsplittingthedifference.Thiswouldbeanimproperuseofanarbitrator'spowers.Whereitoccurs,arbitrationfails.

Anexamplemayservetodistinguishbetweenthedistasteful"invidiouscompromise"andtheseeming"honorificcompromise"thatmayariseinanarbitration.Theassumedmatterconcernsabuyer,whocontractedforcertaingoods,whichhereceived,butwhichhebelievesareinferiorfromtheorderedmerchandise.Hecanusethegoods,butbelievesthefullpriceshouldnotbepaid.Heopinesthatapriceallowanceofonedollarperunitshouldbemade.Themanufacturer-sellerdisputestheclaimofinferiority.Inanarbitrationhearingthearbitratormayfindtherewasadeficiency,butnottotheextentclaimed.Forreasonsofthefactspresented,hemayawarda50%perunitreduction,or50centsperunitallowance,inacompromise,thatisthe"invidiouscompromise",thedecisionwouldnotconsiderthefacts,butwouldconsideronlythewishtoresolvethematter.An"invidiouscompromise"awardatthesame50%perunitreductionwouldbearnorelationtothedegreeofinferiorityandpotentialofuse.Thepurposeofarbitrationisnottopleaseallpartiestosomeextent;itistoreachadecisionwithdueregardtoallfactsandcircumstancespresentedintheHearing.

【答案】對那些對仲裁價值持保留意見的人來說，所謂的令人反感的妥協不是“尊敬的妥協”。確切的說，它是“不公正的妥協”。這意味著不考慮事情的優點，但卻認識到外在限制且拆分這其中的區別。這便是仲裁人權利的不當使用。一旦這種情況出現，仲裁就會失敗。

一個例子可以區分可能發生于仲裁時的令人反感的“不公正的妥協”和看上去“尊敬的妥協”。假定事關一個用合約訂購了某種商品的買家，盡管收到了商品，但他認為這些商品比訂購的質量差。盡管他可以使用這些商品，但是他認為自己不應該付全款。他認為每單位該商品應該給1美元的補貼。但廠商即賣家質疑產品劣質的聲稱。在仲裁吋，仲裁人可能會發現該商品有缺陷，但沒有達到買家聲稱的程度。鑒于提出的事實的原因，他可能裁決會每單位50%的降價或每單位50美分的補貼。在妥協里，這就屬于“不公正的妥協”，仲裁決定沒有考慮事實，而僅考慮去解決問題的愿望。一個裁決給予同樣每單位減少50%的“不公正的妥協”與產品缺陷度和可用度不會有關系。仲裁的目的不是去在某種程度上取悅每一方，而是去充分考慮聽證會上提出的所有事實和情況而做出決定。

4.翻譯題

PutthefollowingpassagesintoChinese:

Forthetimebeingatleast,contractsarealiveandwell.Theytestifytoanimportantliberalprinciple,namely,thatpeoplecancometogetherasstrangersandvoluntarilycommitthemselvestoanagreementthattakestheplaceofthelawbetweenthem.Thefinalcontract,whetheritiswrittenorspoken,isnottheonlymannerinwhichthelawacknowledgesvoluntaryactionsthatgiverisetocommitmentsastrangermayenforce.Inthecommonlaw,suchcommitmentsmayarisethroughconductonwhichanotherpersonhasarighttorely,ofactindetrimentalreliance(導致損失的信賴)Therightofreliancemayoccurasaresultnotjustofthemakingofacontractbutalsoofthenegotiationandconductpriortoacontract.Intheprocessofnegotiatingacontract,thenegotiatorsestablisharelationship,andtheycometoexpectcertainbehavioroftheirnegotiatingpartners.Thisrelationshipisparticularlyimportantinthecivillaw.

Thenineteenth-centuryGermanlegalphilosopherRudolfvonJheringandhisfollowershavereferredtothisrelationshipasoneofreciprocal(互惠的)trust.Trustbreedsduties.Andifyounegligentlybreachthetrustofanother,youshouldpaycompensation.

Withtheemphasisontrustandreciprocity(互惠)，thecontractisconvertedfromacompetitiveinstitutiondeterminingwhogetsthebestdealintoapotentiallycooperativeenterprise.TheideabehindJhering’semphasisonthecontractingrelationshipisthatdutiesarise,andtheyarenotnecessarilydutiesofperformance.Theymightbedutiesofconcern,ofreciprocalattentiontotheinterestsoftheother,andtothesuccessoftheventureasawhole.Inthecommonlawworld,theseprecontractualdutieswouldbehardtogroundbecausetherewouldbenoconsiderationtosupportthem.Theyare,bydefinition,precontractual.

【答案】至少在目前看來，契約仍有著很強的生命力。它們證實了一個重要的自由原則，即陌生可以走到一起并自愿地達成一份協議來替代他們之間存在的法律。無論是書面還是口頭的，最終契約不是法律認可自愿行為的唯一方式，自愿行為促生了人們可能執行的義務。在普通的法律中，這些義務可能通過另外一個人有權依賴的行為或讓信賴損失行為而產生。信賴的權利可能不僅來契約的簽訂，而且還來自于契約簽訂前的協商和行為。在合同協商過程中，協議方建立了一種關系，且他們開始期望自己的協議伙伴們遵守某種行為。這種關系在民法中尤其重要。

19世紀的德國法哲學家RudolfvonJhering和他的擁護者們將這種關系稱為一種互惠的信任。信任產生責任。如果你疏忽地違背了他人的信任，那么你就應該作出賠償。

由于強調信任與互惠，契約由決定誰是獲得最大好處的競爭性制度轉變成了一種由潛在合作性的計劃。Jhering對契約關系強調的背后觀點是義務產生，且這些義務不是合約履行中的必要責任。總的來說，它們可能是關心、關注另一方利益及企業成功義務。在普通的法律中，由于沒有約根支持，所以很難得到落實這些契約前義務。從定義上說，它們是契約前義務。

5.單選題

Itisa（

）thatinsucharichcountrythereshouldbesomanypoorpeople.

問題1選項

A.debate

B.dispute

C.dilemma

D.paradox

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項debate“辯論，討論”；B選項dispute“辯論，爭吵”；C選項dilemma“困境，進退兩難”；D選項paradox“悖論，自相矛盾的人或事”。句意：在如此富裕的國家竟然有那么多窮人，這是一個多么矛盾的事情。選項D符合句意。

6.單選題

Whenbusinessis（

）thereisusuallyanobviousincreaseinunemployment.

問題1選項

A.degraded

B.depressed

C.reduced

D.lessened

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項degrade“貶低，降低”；B選項depress“壓抑，使沮喪，使蕭條”；C選項reduce“減少，降低”；D選項lessen“減少，減輕”。句意：當商業蕭條的時候，失業率通常會明顯上升。選項B更符合邏輯。

7.單選題

Theactress（

）thetermsofhercontractandwassuedbytheproducer.

問題1選項

A.isolated

B.signed

C.implemented

D.violated

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項isolated“使孤立，使分離”；B選項signed“署名，寫下”；C選項implemented“實施，執行”；D選項violated“違反”。句意：這位女演員違反了合同條款，被制片人告上了法庭。選項D更符合語境。

8.單選題

Bynowhehasreachedthe（

）ofhisambition.

問題1選項

A.superiority

B.resolution

C.summit

D.procedure

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項superiority“優越”；B選項resolution“分辨率，決心”；C選項summit“頂點”；D選項procedure“程序，步驟”。句意：到目前為止，他已經達到了他抱負的頂峰。選項C符合句意。

9.單選題

Onlya（

）personwouldbelievesuchanunlikelystoryaboutflyingsaucers.

問題1選項

A.credible

B.credulous

C.nonsensical

D.creditable

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項credible“可靠的，可信的”；B選項credulous“輕信的，易受騙的”；C選項nonsensical“無意義的，荒謬的”；D選項creditable“值得稱贊的”。句意：只有易受騙的人才會相信這樣一個關于飛碟的不大可能的故事。選項B符合語境。

10.單選題

Despitetheirgoodservice;mostinnsarelesscostlythanhotelsof（

）standards.

問題1選項

A.equivalent

B.alike

C.uniform

D.likely

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項equivalent“相等的”；B選項alike“相似的”；C選項uniform“統一的”；D選項likely“可能的”。句意：盡管他們的服務好；但相對于同等標準的旅館來說，大多數旅館都更便宜。選項A符合句意。

11.單選題

Farmersinthedevelopingworldhatepricefluctuations.Itmakesithardtoplanahead.Butmostofthemhavelittlechoice:theysellatthepricethemarketsets.FarmersinEurope,theUSandJapanareluckier:theyreceivemassivegovernmentsubsidiesintheformofguaranteedpricesordirecthandouts.LastmonthU.S.PresidentBushsignedanewfarmbillthatgivesAmericanfarmers$190billionoverthenext10years,or$83billionmorethantheyhadbeenscheduledtoget,andpushesU.S.agriculturalsupportclosetocrazyEuropeanlevels.Bushsaidthestepwasnecessaryto“promotefarmerindependenceandpreservethefarmwayoflifeforgenerations”.ItisalsodesignedtohelptheRepublicanPartywincontroloftheSenateinNovember’smid-termelections.

Agriculturalproductioninmostpoorcountriesaccountsforupto50%ofGDP,comparedtoonly3%inrichcountries.Butmostfarmersinpoorcountriesgrowjustenoughforthemselvesandtheirfamilies.ThosewhotryexportingtotheWestfindtheirgoodswhackedwithhugetariffsorcompetingagainstcheapersubsidizedgoods.In1999theUnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopmentconcludedthanforeachdollardevelopingcountriesreceiveinaidtheyloseupto$14justbecauseoftradebarriersimposedontheexportoftheirmanufacturedgoods.It’snotasifthedevelopingworldwantsanyfavors,saysGeraldSsendwula,Uganda'sMinisterofFinance.“Whatwewantisfortherichcountriestoletuscompete.”

AgricultureisoneofthefewareasinwhichtheThirdWorldcancompete.Landandlaborarecheap,andasfanningmethodsdevelop,newtechnologiesshouldimproveoutput.Thisisnopie-in-the-skyspeculation.ThebiggestsuccessinKenva’seconomyoverthepastdecadehasbeentheboominexportsofcutflowersandvegetablestoEurope.Butthatmayallchangein2008,whenKenyawillbeslightlytoorichtoqualifyforthe“least-developedcountry”statusthatallowsAfricanproducerstoavoidpayingstiffEuropeanimportdutiesonselectedagriculturalproducts.Withtradebarriersinplace,thehorticultureindustryinKenyawillshrivelasquicklyasdiscardedrose.Andwhileagricultureexportsremainthegreathopeforpoorcountries,reducingtradebarriersinothersectorsalsoworks:AfricanGrowthandOpportunityAct,whichcutsdutiesonexportsofeverythingfromhandicraftstoshoes,hasprovedaboontoAfrica’smanufacturers.Thelesson:theThirdWorldcanprosperiftherichworldgivesitafairgo.

ThisiswhatmakesBush’sdecisiontoincreasefarmsubsidieslastmonthallthemoredepressing.Poorcountrieshavelongsuspectedthattherichworldurgestradeliberalizationonlysoitcanwangleitswayintonewmarkets.SuchsuspicionscausedtheSeattletradetalkstobreakdownthreeyearsago.ButlastNovembermembersoftheWorldTradeOrganization,meetinginDoha.Qatar,finallyagreedtoanewroundoftalksdesignedtoopenupglobaltradeinagricultureandtextiles.Richcountriesassuredpoorcountriesthattheirconcernswerefinallybeingaddressed.Bush’shandoutlastmonthmakesalieofAmerica’scommitmenttothesetalksandhispersonaldevotiontofreetrade.

1.Bycomparison,farmers（

）receivemoregovernmentsubsidiesthanother.

2.Inadditiontotheeconomicconsiderations,thereisa（

）motivebehindBush’ssigningofthenewbill.

3.Themessagethewriterattemptstoconveythroughoutthepassageisthat（

）.

4.Thewriter’sattitudetowardsnewfarmsubsidiesintheU.S.is（

）.

問題1選項

A.inthedevelopingworld

B.inJapan

C.inEurope

D.inAmerica

問題2選項

A.partisan

B.social

C.financial

D.cultural

問題3選項

A.poorcountriesshouldbegivenequalopportunitiesintrade

B.“theleastdevelopedcountry”statusbenefitsagriculturalcountries

C.poorcountriesshouldremovetheirsuspicionsabouttradeliberalization

D.farmersinpoorcountriesshouldalsoreceivethebenefitofsubsidies

問題4選項

A.favorable

B.ambiguous

C.critical

D.reserved.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.細節事實題。根據第一段倒數第三句“LastmonthU.S.PresidentBushsignedanewfarmbillthatgivesAmericanfarmers$190billionoverthenext10years,or$83billionmorethantheyhadbeenscheduledtoget,andpushesU.S.agriculturalsupportclosetocrazyEuropeanlevels.上個月，美國總統布什簽署了一項新的農業法案，將在未來10年向美國農民提供1900億美元的資金，比原計劃多出830億美元，并將美國的農業援助提高到接近歐洲的瘋狂水平。”由此可知，歐洲農民得到的政府補貼比其他國家都多，所以選項C正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據第一段最后一句“ItisalsodesignedtohelptheRepublicanPartywincontroloftheSenateinNovember’smid-termelections.該法案還旨在幫助共和黨在11月中旬的選舉中贏得參議院的控制權。”由此可知，選項A“黨派的”正確。

3.作者意圖題。本題可采用排除法。根據第二段最后一句“It’snotasifthedevelopingworldwantsanyfavors,saysGeraldSsendwula,Uganda'sMinisterofFinance.‘Whatwewantisfortherichcountriestoletuscompete.’烏干達財政部長GeraldSsendwula說，發展中國家并不需要任何幫助。‘我們希望富裕國家讓我們參與競爭。’”由此可知，選項A“應該給貧窮國家平等的貿易機會”符合原文；根據第三段第四句“但這一切可能在2008年發生改變，屆時肯尼亞將略微富裕到沒有資格獲得“最不發達國家”的地位，而“最不發達國家”的地位允許非洲生產商對某些農產品免征高額的歐洲進口稅。”由此可知，選項B“‘最不發達國家’的地位有利于農業國家”不符合原文；根據最后一段最后一句“Bush’shandoutlastmonthmakesalieofAmerica’scommitmenttothesetalksandhispersonaldevotiontofreetrade.布什上個月的農業補貼使得美國對這些會談的承諾以及布什個人對自由貿易的熱愛成為一個謊言。”由此可知，選項C“窮國應該消除對貿易自由化的懷疑”不正確；根據第二段“1999年，聯合國貿易和發展會議的結論是，發展中國家每獲得1美元的援助，就會損失多達14美元，原因僅僅是對其制成品出口設置了貿易壁壘。”由此可知，貧窮國家的農民并沒有得到補貼的好處，所以選項D錯誤。只有選項A表述是正確。

4.觀點態度題。根據最后一段最后一句“Bush’shandoutlastmonthmakesalieofAmerica’scommitmenttothesetalksandhispersonaldevotiontofreetrade.布什上個月的農業補貼使得美國對這些會談的承諾以及布什個人對自由貿易的熱愛成為一個謊言。”由此可知，作者的態度是批判的。選項C正確。

12.單選題

Mr.Chenoften（

）hisspeech.

問題1選項

A.tumbles

B.stumbles

C.rumbles

D.fumbles

【答案】D

【解析】形近詞辨析題。A選項tumble“摔倒”；B選項stumble“躊躇”；C選項rumble“隆隆作響”；D選項fumble“笨手笨腳地做；笨嘴拙舌地說話”。句意：陳先生經常在演講的時候笨嘴拙舌地說話。選項D符合語境。

13.單選題

His（

）wordsreachedtheeffecthewantedandpeoplegavemoneytohelphim.

問題1選項

A.elegant

B.eloquent

C.evil

D.excessive

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項elegant“優雅的”；B選項eloquent“有口才的，有說服力的”；C選項evil“邪惡的”；D選項excessive“極度的，過分的”。句意：他的能言善辯達到了他想要的效果，人們紛紛捐錢來幫助他。選項B符合語境。

14.翻譯題

Wemustcontinuewiththereformintaxandfeeinruralareastolightentheburdensoffarmersandprotecttheirinterests.

Chinadoesnotseekhegemonyorpredominanceinworldaffairs.Itadvocatesanewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.

Ifwedonotcrackdownoncorruption,theflesh-and-bloodtiesbetweenthePartyandthepeoplewillsufferalotandthePartywillbeindangeroflosingitsrulingposition,orpossiblyheadingforself-destruction.

Nobodyinanysector,publicorprivate,shouldofferbenefitsunlessforagoodreason.

Damsareadramaticexampleofahumanactivitythatdegradesfreshwaterecosystems.

【答案】為了減輕農民的負擔和保護他們的利益，我們一定要繼續進行農村稅費改革。

中國在世界事務中不謀求霸權或主導地位。它主張一個新的國際政治和經濟秩序。

如果我們不打擊腐敗，那么黨和人們之間的血肉聯系將會深受其害，并且黨將會處于失去其執政地位的危險之中或可能走向自我毀滅。

除非有正當的理由，否則任何部門(公共的或私人的)沒有人應該提供福利。

水壩是人類活動使淡水生態系統退化的一個引人注目的例子。

15.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

夫妻財產同樣屬于共同財產。

刑法不得溯及既往。

法院駁回了原告的訴訟主張。

他對債務負主要責任。

本合同的任何改動或修正必須作為書面方能產生效力。

【答案】Maritalpropertyisalsopartofthecommonproperty.

Thecriminallawshallnotberetroactive.

Thecourtrejectedtheplaintiffsclaim.

Hewasmainlyresponsibleforthedebt.

Anychangesormodificationofthiscontractmustbewritteninordertobeeffective.

16.單選題

Oneoftheattractivefeaturesofthecoursewasthewaythepracticalworkhadbeen（

）withthetheoreticalaspectsofthesubject.

問題1選項

A.embraced

B.adjusted

C.alternated

D.integrated

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項embrace“擁抱”；B選項adjust“調整”；C選項alternate“交替，輪流”；D選項integrate“使完整”。句意：這門課程吸引人的特點之一是實際工作與學科理論方面結合的方法。選項D符合句意。

17.單選題

Asnowfallconsistsofmyriadsofminuteicecrystalsthatfalltothegroundintheformoffrozenprecipitation.Theformationofsnowbeginswiththeseicecrystalsinthesubfreezingstrataofthemiddleandupperatmospherewhenthereisanadequatesupplyofmoisturepresent.Atthecoreofeveryicecrystalisaminusculenucleus,asolidparticleofmatteraroundwhichmoisturecondensesandfreezes.Liquidwaterdropletsfloatingintheupperatmosphereandfreeicecrystalscannotcoexistwithinthesamecloud,sincethevaporpressureoficeislessthanthatofwater.Thisenablestheicecrystalstorobtheliquiddropletsoftheirmoistureandgrowcontinuously.Theprocesscanbeveryrapid,quicklycreatingsizableiceCrystals,someofwhichadheretoeachothertocreateaclusteroficecrystalsorasnowflake.Simpleflakespossessavarietyofbeautifulforms,usuallyhexagonal,thoughthesymmetricalshapesreproducedinmostmicroscopephotographyofsnowflakesarenotusuallyfoundinactualsnowfalls.Typically,snowflakesinactualsnowfallsconsistofbrokenfragmentsandclustersofadheringicecrystals.

Forasnowfalltocontinue,onceitstarts,theremustbeaconstantinflowofmoisturetosupplythenuclei.Thismoistureissuppliedbythepassageofanairstreamoverawatersurfaceanditssubsequentliftingtohigherregionsoftheatmosphere.ThePacificOceanisthesourceofmoistureformostsnowfallswestoftheRockyMountains,whiletheGulfofMexicoandtheAtlanticOceanfeedwatervaporintotheaircurrentsoverthecentralandeasternsectionsoftheUnitedStates.Othergeographicalfeaturesalsocanbethesourceofmoistureforsomesnowstorms.Forexample,areasadjacenttotheGreatLakesexperiencetheirownaddition,mountainoussectionsorrisingterraincaninitiatesnowfallsbythegeographicalliftingofamoistairstream.

1.Whatisatthecenterofanicecrystal?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

3.Ifasnowfallcontinuessometimesinceitbegins,wecanconcludethat（

）.

4.Howdolake-effectsnowstormsform?

問題1選項

A.Asmallsnowflake.

B.Anucleus.

C.Adropofwater.

D.Ahexagon.

問題2選項

A.Aminusculenucleusisakindofsolidparticleofmatter.

B.Thefreeicecrystalscangrowcontinuously.

C.Inactualsnowfalls,weusuallyfindthatsimpleflakespossesssymmetricalshapes.

D.Forasnowstorm,theremustbeanadequatesourceofmoisture.

問題3選項

A.thereisplentyofmoisture.

B.theremustbeasourceofwaternearbyandthetemperaturewillfall.

C.thesnowflakeconsistsofbrokenfragmentsandclustersofadheringicecrystals.

D.thereareairstreams’motionsfromoverwatersurfacetohigherregions.

問題4選項

A.Watertemperaturesdropbelowfreezing.

B.Moisturerisesfromalakeintoairstreams.

C.Largequantitiesofwetaircome-offanearbymountain.

D.Millionsoficecrystalsformonthesurfaceofalargelake

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.細節事實題。根據第一段第三句“Atthecoreofeveryicecrystalisaminusculenucleus...每個冰晶的核心都有一個極小的核....”選項B正確。

2.細節事實題。根據第一段倒數第二句“Simpleflakespossessavarietyofbeautifulforms,usuallyhexagonal,thoughthesymmetricalshapesreproducedinmostmicroscopephotographyofsnowflakesarenotusuallyfoundinactualsnowfalls.簡單的雪花有各種美麗的形狀，通常是六角形的，盡管雪花在大多數顯微鏡圖像下再生的形狀是對稱的，但通常在實際的降雪過程中卻不是這樣的。”由此可知，選項C表述不正確。

3.細節事實題。根據第二段一二句“Forasnowfalltocontinue,onceitstarts,theremustbeaconstantinflowofmoisturetosupplythenuclei.Thismoistureissuppliedbythepassageofanairstreamoverawatersurfaceanditssubsequentliftingtohigherregionsoftheatmosphere.如果降雪持續不斷，必須有源源不斷的水分供應核。這種水分是由氣流通過水面并隨后上升到大氣的較高區域提供的。”選項D符合原文。選項A中“plenty”不準確，應該是“constant”；選項B中的溫度在文中沒有涉及；選項C與題干無關；只有選項D正確，所以本題選D。

4.細節事實題。根據上一題的分析“如果降雪持續不斷，必須有源源不斷的水分供應核。這種水分是由氣流通過水面并隨后上升到大氣的較高區域提供的。”由此可知，選項B正確。

18.單選題

Thisnewtypeofplanthasaan（

）,bulb-shapedstem,thoughnotverydelicious.

問題1選項

A.oval

B.edible

C.reliable

D.available

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項oval“橢圓的”；B選項edible“可食用的”；C選項reliable“可靠的”；D選項available“可獲得的”。句意：這種新型的植物有一個可食用的，球狀的莖，雖然不是很美味。根據句子的后半部分可知，選項B符合語境。

19.單選題

Thefoxreallyexasperatedthemboth.Assoonastheyhadletthefowlsout,intheearlysummermornings,theyhadtotaketheirgunsandkeepguard;andthenagainassoonaseveningbegantomellow,theymustgooncemore.Andhewassosly.Heslidalonginthedeepgrass;hewasdifficultasaserpenttosee.Andheseemedtocircumventthegirlsdeliberately.OnceortwiceMarchhadcaughtsightofthewhitetipofhisbrush,ortheruddyshadowofhiminthedeepgrass,andshehadletfireathim.Buthemadenoaccountofthis.

Thetreesonthewoodedgewereadarkish,brownishgreeninthefulllight—foritwastheendofAugust.Beyond,thenaked,copper-likeshaftsandlimbsofthepinetreesshoneintheair.Nearertheroughgrass,withitslong,brownishstalksallagleam,wasfulloflight.Thefowlswereroundabout—theduckswerestillswimmingonthepondunderthepinetrees.Marchlookedatitall,sawitall,anddidnotseeit.SheheardBanfordspeakingtothefowlsinthedistance—andshedidnothear.Whatwasshethinkingabout?Heavenknows.Herconsciousnesswas,asitwere,heldback.

Sheloweredhereyes,andsuddenlysawthefox.Hewaslookingupather.Hischinwaspresseddown,andhiseyeswerelookingup.Theymethereyes.Andheknewher.Shewasspellbound—sheknewheknewher.Sohelookedintohereyes,andhersoulfailedher.Heknewher,hehasnotdaunted.

Shestruggled,confusedlyshecametoherself,andsawhimmakingoff,withslowleapsoversomefallenboughs,slow,impudentjumps.Thenheglancedoverhisshoulder,andransmoothlyaway.Shesawhisbrushheldsmoothlikeafeather,shesawhiswhitebuttockstwinkle.Andhewasgone,softly,softasthewind.

Sheputherguntohershoulder,buteventhenpursedhermouth,knowingitwasnonsensetopretendtofire.Soshebegantowalkslowlyafterhim,inthedirectionhehadgone,slowly,pertinaciously.Sheexpectedtofindhim.Inherheartshewasdeterminedtofindhim.Whatshewoulddowhenshesawhimagainshedidnotconsider.Butshewasdeterminedtofindhim.Soshewalkedabstractedlyaboutontheedgeofthewood,withwide,vividdarkeyes,andafaintflushinhercheeks.Shedidnotthink.Instrangemindlessnessshewalkedhitherandthither...Assoonassupperwasover,sheroseagaintogoout,withoutsayingwhy.Shetookhergunagainandwenttolookforthefox.Forhehadliftedhiseyesuponher,andhisknowinglookseemedtohaveenteredherbrain.Shedidnotsomuchthinkofhim:shewaspossessedbyhim.Shesawhisdark,shrewd,unabashedeyelookingintoher,knowingher.Shefelthiminvisiblymasterherspirit.Sheknewthewayheloweredhischinashelookedup,sheknewhismuzzle,thegoldenbrown,andthegreyishwhite.Andagainshesawhimglanceoverhisshoulderather,halfinviting,halfcontemptuousandcunning.Soshewent,withhergreatstartledeyesglowing,hergununderherarm,alongthewoodedge.Meanwhilethenightfell,andagreatmoonroseabovethepinetrees.

1.Atthebeginningofthestory,thefoxseemstobeallEXCEPT（

）.

2.Asthestoryproceeds.Marchbeginstofeelunderthespellof

（

）.

3.GraduallyMarchseems