1、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)分限制性定語從句供應(yīng)有關(guān)主語或賓語的重要信息,起限定作用, 與被修飾部分的關(guān)系緊密,假如省略該從句會(huì)使主句語義表達(dá)不完整；例如：This is the very person that is wanted by the police He is the man who /that lives next door It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at the time 非限制性定語從句只是用來對(duì)被修飾部分作補(bǔ)充性的說明,與先行詞關(guān)系比較松散,先行詞與從句間可以用逗號(hào)隔開,從句可略去：He

2、will not be able to spend the holiday with his family, which is a big annoyance to him. The minister, who is to visit our university, is said to be a Qinghua University graduate. The book, which your sister bought you in Xinhua Bookstore, is very useful in improving your spoken English. The business

3、man, whosesuitcase has been found by a stranger , has left for Beijing. 假如定語從句的先行詞是專出名詞或是帶有形容詞性物主代詞 my, his, etc或形容詞性指示代詞 this, that, etc作限定詞的名詞詞組,其后的定語從 句通常為非限制性的；例如：The Thames, which is now clean enough to swim in , was polluted for over a hundred years. My mother, whohas been on a visit to Austra

4、lia , will fly back tomorrow. All of these books, which have been donated by visiting professors , are to be used by the children in Hope School. 限制性定語從句的先行詞只能是名詞,代詞或名詞性詞組, 而非限制性定語從句的先行詞除了是名詞及名詞性詞組外,仍可能是句子的一部分或是整個(gè)句子；例如：They say he plays truant, whichhe doesn. which 指代 plays truant The meeting was pu

5、t off till next month, aswe hoped. as 指前面的句子 下面的表格歸納了前面已提到的兩者不同之處：表一： 限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)分限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句1供應(yīng)確定或限定主句中某個(gè)名詞的信1供應(yīng)對(duì)確定主句中某個(gè)名詞的非主要附息；加信息；2由深層嵌入句派生而來；3無分隔定語從句和主句和停頓或特殊2由兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的深層嵌入句派生而來；3書面語中用逗號(hào),口語中用特殊的停頓標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)（逗號(hào)/插入語 /破折號(hào)）；和降低聲調(diào)來把定語從句和主句分隔開來；4不行以修飾整個(gè)命題,只修飾一個(gè)名4可以修飾一個(gè)中心名詞,或以評(píng)判的形詞；式修飾整個(gè)命題；wh- 代5可使

6、用 that 和 whom,which 等關(guān)系代5That 不能當(dāng)作關(guān)系代詞,只可用詞；詞；6不常用來修飾專出名詞；6既可修飾一般名詞,也可修飾專出名詞；7可修飾帶有any 或 every 等類屬限定7不行修飾帶有any 或 every 等類屬限定詞的中心名詞；詞的中心名詞；3.2 定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞3.2.1 關(guān)系代詞 that, which, who在定語從句中做主語 在限制性定語從句中, who 或 that 用于指人, that 或 which 用于指物,它們?cè)诙ㄕZ從句中代替名詞性主語或代詞性主語,不能省略；例如：He is the man who/thatlives here. 不

7、能說： He is the man who he lives here. The bag whichthat has been put there for a long time belongs to Wang Hong3.2.2 whom, which, that在定語從句中作賓語 表示人的時(shí)候用 whom或 that, 它們?cè)趶木渲写婷~性賓語或賓格代詞,作定語從句賓語的whom/that 通常可以省略,在口語中常用who 代替whom；例如：Hes the man whom/ thatI met. There are some people here whoI want you to

8、meet.表示動(dòng)物和東西的時(shí)候應(yīng)用 which/that: The pieces of music that he has composedare sung by many pop singers. Taxes consist of money that people pay to support their governmentTheyre the postcards whichI sent from America. 3.2.3 whom, which或 that 作介詞的賓語,關(guān)系代詞可省略；定語從句的介詞的位置特殊重要,我們可以說：He is the person to whomI w

9、rote. 特殊正式用法 但不行以說： to who. 或： He is the person who m I wrote to. /He is the person whom I wrote to. This is the pan in whichI boiled the milk. 特殊正式用法 或： This is the pan whichI boiled the milk in. / This is the pan that/whichI boiled the milk in. 3.2.4 whose + 名詞關(guān)系代詞 whose是既可用于限制性定語從句, 也可用于非限制性定語從句,

10、在從句中作定語,一般用來指人,代替全部格形容詞（my, his, your, her, its 等）,在從句中當(dāng)定語,沒有陰性、陽性或單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)的變化；有時(shí)也可指物,指物時(shí)可以用of which 代替；例如：The professor whosedaughter teaches you Englishis Dr. Williams. The bicycle whose brake was damagedhas now been repaired. =The bicycle, the brake of whichwas damaged, has now been repaired. Edison

11、 is a great inventor whosefameis world-wide. 3.2.5 that 的用法 1、that 只用于限制性定語從句, 既可指人,又可指物, 在句中用做主語或賓 語；（見 3.2.1、3.2.2）2、當(dāng)先行詞是 all, much,little, the one, anything, something, nothing, everything, none等不定代詞時(shí),關(guān)系代詞只用 that；例如：There is little that can be done about it Thats all that I knew about it. Is the

12、re anything that I can do for you. Have you done everything that is assigned to you3、先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等詞修飾時(shí),關(guān)系代詞只用 that；例如：It is the most interesting film that I ve ever readThe best thingthat he could do at present is to leave. This is the first time that

13、 he has been there. She is the only onethat has finished her task on time At the very beginning, we have just too much work that needs to be done4、在 there be 句型中,只用 that, 不用 which；例如：There are some people that I d like to introduce to youThere is a very interesting story that every child would like

14、to listen to 5、先行詞既有人,又有物時(shí),用 that；例如：A victim is a person, animal or thing that suffers pain, death, harm, etc The man and his dog that were napping outside the room were photographed by the journalist.6、在 “ It is + 名詞 + 定語從句1 + 定語從句 2”的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句2 要用that；例如：It is always the mouth which talks too much

15、 that incurs troubles.（言多必 失；）It is only a man who is quite experienced that can fulfill this task.3.2.6 which 的用法 1、which 一般只用于指物 a,有時(shí)也用來指性別不明的嬰兒 b；例如：a: The tiles whichfell off the roof caused serious damage. b: The baby whichthe nurse has just brought inis John s child.2、假如指物的關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞后面,只能用 whic

16、h,不能用 that；例 如：This is the housein whichshe spent her childhood.The agencyfrom whichwe bought our ticketsis bankrupt. 3、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí),用來指物替代名詞詞組；例如：This book, which has only been reviewed , was published a year ago. 4、替代整個(gè)句子或句子的一部分：The meeting has been put off till next Friday,which is good news to th

17、em.指代整個(gè)主句 She said that her son would become a scientist, which we thought possible. 指代 that 分句 She is very attentive in class, which he rarely is. 指代整個(gè)短語 3.2.7 as的用法1、as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時(shí), 常與 such或 the same連用,構(gòu)成 the same as; such as結(jié)構(gòu), as用于代替指人或物的先行詞；例如：I have never eaten such tasty foods asshe cooked me.

18、Such books asthere were on the shelf interested us. I have got into the same trouble ashe has.試比較 the same as和 the same that：This is the same bookasI read last week.（這和我上周讀的那本書是一 樣的；）This is the same book that I read last year. （這就是我上周讀的那本 書；）假如先行詞表示抽象概念,就沒有這種區(qū)分,例如：She told me the same story as/thatshe had told you. I had the same difficulty that/asyou had last year. 在 asso as結(jié)構(gòu)中,后面的as也是關(guān)系代詞,例如：We took as many menas could be permitted to attend the meeting You can stay here as long as you like. Things do not go on as smoothlyaswe hoped. 2、