1、精選資料，歡迎下載精選資料，歡迎下載o英語重點語法網(wǎng)絡圖一.名詞（結合book 1第18頁-20頁和38-40頁復習）I.名詞的種類：專有名詞普通名詞國名地名人名，團體機構名稱可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞個體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質名詞II.名詞的數(shù)：1.規(guī)則名詞的復數(shù)形式：名詞的復數(shù)形式，一般在單數(shù)形式后碩口-s或-es。現(xiàn)將構成方法則列表如下:規(guī)則例詞1一般情況在詞尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh結尾的名詞后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishe

2、s3以-f或-fe結尾的詞變-f和-fe為v再加-esleaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,loaf-loaves,wife-wives加-sbelief-beliefs,chief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs,gulf-gulfs4以輔音字母加y結尾的名詞，變y為i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y結尾的名詞，或專有名詞以y結尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays,

3、 Henry-Henrys6以輔音字母加-o結 尾的名詞一般加-eshero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外來詞加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos兩者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加-o結尾的名詞加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th結尾的名詞加-struth-truths, mout

4、h-mouths, month-months, path-paths,2.不規(guī)則名詞復數(shù)：英語里有些名詞的復數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，現(xiàn)歸納如下:規(guī)則例詞1改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice2單復數(shù)相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin,3只有復數(shù)形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compassescontents4一些集體名詞總是用作復

5、數(shù)people, police, cattle, staff5部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整體）也可以作復數(shù)（成 員）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party6復數(shù)形式表示特別含義customs傕I關），forces（軍隊），times（時代），spirits（ 情緒），drinks（ 飲 料），sands（沙灘），papers（文件報紙），manners（禮貌），looks（外表）， brains（頭腦智力）

6、,greens（青菜），ruins（ 廢墟）7表小“某 國人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans單復數(shù)同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman吉尾 的改為-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名 詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends無主體名詞時將最后一部分變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)grown-ups, housewives

7、, stopwatches將兩部分變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)women singers, men servantsIII.名詞的所有格（在句中表示所有關系）：所有格分兩種：一是名詞詞尾加s構成，二是由介詞of加名詞構成。前者多表示有生命的東西，后者多表示無生命的東西。1. s所有格的構成：單數(shù)名詞在末尾加sthe boys father, Jack s book, her son-in-law s photo,復數(shù)名詞一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother,不規(guī)則復數(shù)名詞后加sthe children s toys, womens rights,以s結尾的人名所有格加

8、s或者Dickens novels, Charles s job, the Smiths house表示各自的所有關系時,各名詞末尾均須加sJapan;s and Americas problems, Janes and Marys bikes表示共有的所有關系時在最后一詞末加sJapan and Americas problems, Jane and Marys father表示某人家店鋪，所有格后名詞通常省略the doctor s, the barber s, the tailors, my uncle s2. s所有格的用法:1表不時1可todays newspaper, five w

9、eeks holiday2表示自然現(xiàn)象the earth s atmosphere, the tree s branches3表示國家城市等地方的名詞the country s plan, the world s population, China s industry4表示工作群體the ship s crew, majority s view, the team s victory5表示度量衡及價值a miles journey, five dollars worth of apples6與人類活動有特殊關系的名詞the life s time, the plays plot7某些固定詞組

10、a bird s eye view, a stone s throw, at one s wits end（不知所措）3. of所有格的用法：用于無生命的東西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的東西,尤其是有較長定語時：the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名詞化的詞：the struggle of the oppressed.形容詞和副詞（結合book 1第62-67頁復習）I.形容詞：1.形容詞的位置：1）形容詞作定語通常前置，但在下列情況后置:1修飾some, any, e

11、very, no 和body, thing, one 等構成的復合不定代詞時nobody absent, everything possible2以-able, -ible結尾的形容詞可置于有最高級或only修飾的名詞之后the best book available, the only solution possible3alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置the only person awake4和空間、時間、單位連用時a bridge 50 meters long5成對的形容詞可以后置a huge room simple and beautif

12、ul6形容詞短語一般后置a man difficult to get on with2）多個形容詞修飾同一個名詞的順序:代詞數(shù)詞性狀形容詞冠詞前的 形容詞冠詞指示代詞不定代詞 代詞所有格序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞性質 狀態(tài)大小 長短 形狀新舊 溫度顏色國籍 產(chǎn)地材料 質地名 詞all both suchthe a this another yoursecond nextone fourbeautiful good poorlarge shortsquarenew coolblack yellowChineseLondonsilkstone3）復合形容詞的構成:1形容詞+名詞+edkind-hearted6名

13、詞+形容詞world-famous2形容詞+形容詞dark-blue7名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞peace-loving3形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞ordinary-looking8名詞+過去分詞snow-covered4副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working9數(shù)詞+名ti+edthree-egged5副詞+ 過去分詞newly-built10數(shù)詞+名詞twenty-yearII.副詞副詞的分類:1時間副詞soon, now, early, finally,once,recently5頻度副詞always, often, frequently, seldom, never2地點副詞here, nearby, out

14、side, upwards, above6疑問副詞how, where, when, why3方式副詞hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly,7連接副詞how, when, where, why, whether, however,reallymeanwhile4程度副詞almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather8關系副詞when, where, whyIII.形容詞和副詞比較等級：形容詞和副詞的比較等級分為原級，比較級和最高級。比較級和最高級的構成一般是在形容詞和副詞后加-er和-est ,多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié) 詞前力

15、口 more和 most同級比較時常常用 as as以及 not so（as）as如：I am not so good a player as you are.可以修飾比較級的詞有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。表示方隨另方變化時用 the morethe more”句型。如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.用比較級來表達最高級的意思。如：I have never spent a m

16、ore worrying day.表示倍數(shù)的比較級有如下幾種句型：Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the sizeof yours.表示“最高程度的形容詞沒有最高級和比較級。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect 。三.冠詞（分為不定冠詞（a, an）,定冠詞（the）,和零冠詞，結合book 1第88頁復習）I.不定冠詞的用法：1指一類人或事，相當于a ki

17、nd ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.3表示“每一相當于 every, oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示相同相當于the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前,表示不認識t匕人或與某名人有類似性質 的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out That boy is rather a Lei Feng.6用于固定詞組中A couple of, a bit,

18、 once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用于 quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8用于so（as, too, how）+ 形容詞之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.II.定冠詞的用法:1表示某一類人或物The horse is a useful animal.2用于世上獨一無二的事物名詞前the universe, the moon, the Pacific

19、 Ocean3表示說話雙方都了解的或上文提到過的人或事Would you mind opening the door?4用于樂器前面play the violin, play the guitar5用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫婦”the Greens, the Wangs7用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級最高級前He is the taller of the two children.8用于國家黨派等以及江河湖海，山川群島的名詞前the United States, the Communist Party o

20、f China, the French9用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前The compass was invented in China.10在逢十的復數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀的某個年代in the 1990 s11用于表示單位的名詞前I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞，及表示時間的詞組前He patted me on the shoulder.III.零冠詞的用法:1專有名詞，物質名詞，抽象名詞，人名地名等名詞前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2名詞前有 this, my, whose, some,

21、 no, each, every 等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?3季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前Lincoln was made President of America.5學科，語言，球類，棋類名詞前He likes playing football/chess.6與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前by train, by air, by land7以and連接的兩個相對的名詞并用時husband and w

22、ife, knife and fork, day and night8表示泛指的復數(shù)名詞前Horses are useful animals.四.代詞(結合book 1第113頁復習:I.代詞可以分為以下七大類:1人稱 代詞主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they賓格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them2物主代 詞形容詞性my, your, his, her, its, our, their名詞性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs3反身代詞myself, yourself, hi

23、mself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves4指示代詞this, that, these, those, such, some5疑問代詞who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever6關系代詞that, which, who, whom, whose, as7不定代詞one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little,other/ another,

24、 all/ both, neither/ eitherII.不定代詞用法注意點：1. one, some 與 any:1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，復數(shù)為ones som造用于肯定句，any多用于疑問句和否定句。One should learn to think of others.Have you any bookmarks? No, I dont have any bookmarks.I have some questions to ask.some可用于疑問句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答復，或者表示建議，請求等。Would you like some bananas? Could y

25、ou give me some money?some和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時,somel示某個，any表示任何一個。I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.some和數(shù)詞連用表示大約，any可與比較級連用表示程度。There are some 3,000 students in this school. Do you feel any better today?each 和 every:each強調個別，代表的數(shù)可以是兩個或兩個以上，而every強調整體，所指的數(shù)必須是三個或

26、三個以上。Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.none 和 no：no等于not any,作定語。none乍主語或賓語，代替不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞，謂語單復數(shù)皆可以。There is no water in the bottle.How much w

27、ater is there in the bottle? None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.other 和 another:other 泛指 “另夕卜的，另Li的“ 常與其他詞連用， 如：the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way, the other特指兩者中的另外一個，復數(shù)為the others o如：He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.Two stud

28、ents in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.another指“又一個，另一個”無所指，復數(shù)形式是others,泛指“別的人或事如：I dont like this shirt, please show me another (one).The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.Some like football, while others like basketball.all 和 both, neither 和 eit

29、herall表示不可數(shù)名詞時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)。both和all加否定詞表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.All of the books are not written in English. / Not all of the books are written in English.Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers. / Either of us is a teacher.五.介詞I.介詞分類:1簡單介詞about, across, after, against, among, around

30、, at, below, beyond, during, in, on2合成介詞inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without3短語介詞according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to4雙重介詞from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between5分詞轉化成的介詞considering(就而論),including6形容詞轉化成的介詞like

31、, unlike, near, next, oppositeII.常用介詞區(qū)別:1表示時間的in, on, atat表示片刻的時間，in表示一段的時間，on總是與日子有關2表示時間的since, fromsince指從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時間，和完成時連用，from指從時間的某一點開始3表示時間的in, afterin指在一段時間之后，after表示某一具體時間點之后或用在過去時的一段時間中4表小地理位置的in, on, toin表示在某范圍內，on指與什么毗鄰，to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外5表示“在上的on, inon只表示在某物的表面上，in表示占去某物一部分6表示 穿過 的 through, ac

32、rossthrough表示從內部通過，與in有關，across表示在表面上通過，與on有關7表示關于 的about, onabout指涉及至L on指專門論述8between amon勺區(qū)另Ubetween表示在兩者之間，amongl于三者或三者以上的中間9besides 與 except 的區(qū)別besides指除了還有再加上，except指除了，減去什么，不放在句首10表示“用 的in, withwith表示具體的工具，in表示材料，方式，方法，度量，單位，語言，聲音11as與like的區(qū)別as意為“作為，以地位或身份”,like為“象一樣”，指情形相似12in與into區(qū)別in通常表示位置

33、（靜態(tài)），into表示動向，不表示目的地或位置六.動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài):I.動詞的時態(tài)（結合book 1第6-11課課后語法復習）：1.動詞的時態(tài)一共有16種，以ask為例，將其各種時態(tài)的構成形式列表如下：現(xiàn)在時過去時將來時過去將來時一般ask / asksaskedshall/will askshould/would ask進行am/is/are askingwas/were askingshall/will be askingshould/would be asking完成have/has askedhad askedshall/will have askedshould/would have

34、 asked完成進行have/has been askinghad been askingshall/will have beenaskingshould/would have been asking2.一般將來時的表達方式:將來時用法例句1will/shall+ 動詞原形表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)My sister will be ten next year.2be going to+ 班司原形含有“打算，計劃，即將”做某事，或表示很有可能要發(fā) 生某事Its going to clear up.Were going to have a party tonight.3be + doing進

35、行時表示將來go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等詞可用進彳寸表示按計劃即將發(fā)生的動作He is moving to the south.Are they leaving for Europe?4be about to + 動詞原形表示安排或計劃中的馬上就要發(fā)生的動作，后面一般不跟 時間狀語I wasabout to leave whenthe bell rang. The meeting is about to close.5be to +動詞原形表示按計劃進行或征求對方意見Were to meet at the school gate at noon.6

36、一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一般現(xiàn)在時 表小將來The meeting starts at five o clock.The plane leaves at ten this evening.時態(tài)練習題Our team every match so far this year, but we still have three more games to play.A) was winning B) has won C) had won D) winsHe for three years. A)has joined the army B) has been in t

37、he armyC) has been serving in the army D) joined the armyThegrowth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes,morewometo take advantage of employment opportunities.A) have allowed B) allow C) allowing D) allowsThe company a rise in salary for ages, but nothing

38、 has happened yet.A) is promised B) is promising C) has been promising D) promisedNo sooner had he sat down than the telephone.A) rings B) was ringing C) rangD) hand rungMr. James a city bus for over twenty-five years before retirement.A) is driving B) droveC) has driven D) drivesI a radio talk on S

39、hakespeare when my uncle came home and started shouting at the top of his voice.A) was hearing B) heardC) was listening to D) listened toHe novels, whenever his wife goes shopping.A) is reading B) readsC) has read D) has been reading9)I am not sure whether tomorrow he the meeting or not, as he has n

40、ot been here lately.A) attend B) attendsC)will attend D) attendedI that she will pass the final examination.A) expect B) have expected C) had expected D) was expectedThey thought it fun to take the car.A) can be B) would be C) will be D) has beenShe reminded me that Bangkok the capital of Thailand.A

41、)is B)wasC)had been D)have been.現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別A)現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的動作雖然在過去業(yè)已發(fā)生，但必須與現(xiàn)在相關；一般過去時所表示的動作僅表明在過去某一時間發(fā)生，與現(xiàn)在無 關。例如：I have seen the film .(與現(xiàn)在相關，現(xiàn)已知道電影內容)。我已看過這部電影。I saw a film yesterday .(與現(xiàn)在無關，只是昨天做的一件事。)我昨天看了一部電影。B)兩種時態(tài)需用的時間狀語亦有所不同。現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語必須與現(xiàn)在相關，而一般過去時的時間狀語與現(xiàn)在無關。現(xiàn)在完成時常 用的時可狀語有：since , ever since

42、, so far , up to now, already , yet , in the past few years , for a long time , from then on 等。T殳過去時常用的時間狀語有：three years ago, in 196Q in the past, just now yesterday , last night/week whenhe was six years old 等。.怎樣區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時(關鍵在于對現(xiàn)在完成進行時的基本概念是否理解)現(xiàn)在完成進行時是一兼有現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在進行時二者基本特點的時態(tài)。由于它有現(xiàn)在完成時的特點，所以它

43、可以表示某一動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn) 生的結果或影響。由于它有現(xiàn)在進行時的特點，所以它也可以表示某一動作的延續(xù)性、臨時性、重復性、生動性乃至感情色彩。簡單的比 較如下：(1)現(xiàn)在完成進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時皆可表示動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結果，但前者所表示的結果是直接的，而后者所表示的則是最后的結果。如：We have heen cleaning the classroom . (a)We have cleaned the classroom . (b)(a)句可譯為我們打掃教室來著。”其直接結果可能是：我們身上都是灰。(b)句可以譯為我們把教 室打掃過了。”其結果是：現(xiàn) 在教室m清潔，可以用了。又，(a)句表示教室剛

44、剛打掃過，(b)句則可能表示教室是昨天打掃的。(2)現(xiàn)在完成進行時有時有延續(xù)性，現(xiàn)在完成時往往沒有。如：They have been widening the road . (a)They have widened the road . (b)(a)句的意思是他們在加寬馬路，但尚未完工。(b)句的意思則是已完工了。有時現(xiàn)在完成時有延續(xù)性(如一些屬于持續(xù)體的動詞)， 但無臨時性質。如：Mr. Smith has been living in London since 1978. (a)Mr. Smith has lived in London since 1979. (b)(a)句有史密斯先生在

45、倫敦久居”的含義，(b)句則沒有。(3)但現(xiàn)在完成進行時并不總是具有臨時的性質，如：My mother has been teaching English for twenty years(a) My mother has taught English for twenty years.(b)(a)句在此并無臨時性質，但較口語化。(b)句則較為正式。又，(a)句表示動作現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù).并將延續(xù)下去，(b)句的動作是否延 續(xù)下去，須由上下文決定，但在一般情況下都是延續(xù)下去的。(4)現(xiàn)在完成進行時往往表示動作在重復，現(xiàn)在完成時則常常不帶重復性。如：Have you been meeting her

46、lately ? (a) Have you met her lately ? (b)(a)句有經(jīng)常相會之意，(b)句則沒有。(b)句如與often, every day等時間狀語連用，當然也表示動作在重復。(5)現(xiàn)在完成進行時比較生動，有時含有明顯的感情色彩，而現(xiàn)在完成時往往只說明一個事實，一種影響或結果，平鋪直敘，沒有什么感情色彩可言。如：What have you been doing? （a） What have you done? （b）（a）句表示驚異。（b）句只是一個問題。I have been wanting to meet you for long . （a）I have lo

47、ng wanted to meet you . （b）（a）句比（b）句更親切，更有禮貌。.現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時和將來完成時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時表示截止到現(xiàn)在所完成的動作，過去完成時表示截止到過去某一時間所完成的動作，而將來完成時則表示截止到將來某一時間 所完成的動作。例如：By the end of last month , they had finished the work ,到上月底他們已完成這項工作。By the end of next month , they will have finished the work .到下月底他們將完成這項工作。I suppose they have

48、 finished the work by now,我想他們現(xiàn)在已完成這項工作。.瞬間動詞不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，常見的瞬間動詞有arrive , begin, die , join , graduate , leave, reach, start等，這 些動詞都不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。例如：誤：His wife has died for three years . （die 為瞬間動詞）正：His wife has been dead for three years . （be dead表示狀態(tài)。） 他的妻子已去世3 年。.表示狀態(tài)的動詞一般不用于進行時，如常見的表示狀態(tài)的動詞有

49、have, hate, know like , dislike , love , possess, prefer , understand 等，伙動詞一般不用于進行時。動詞be一般也不用于進行時。.在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用現(xiàn)在時表示將來的動作，用過去時表示過去將來的動作。例如：When he comes I shall have a talk with him ,等他來時，我找他談一談。應當注意的是，這一規(guī)則只適用于時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句。倘若是名詞從句，則不受此限制，我們不能籠統(tǒng)地認為whenR句都不 能用將來時。例如：I don t know when he will com

50、e .我不知道他什么時候來。whenR句在這一例句中是名詞從句（賓語從句），而不 是時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句，因此仍需用將來時。II.動詞的被動語態(tài)（結合book 1第12課課后語法復習）:常用被動語態(tài)構成（以invite為例）常用被動語態(tài)構成（以invite為例）1一般現(xiàn)在時6過去進行時2一般過去時7現(xiàn)在完成時3一般將來時8過去完成時4過去將來時9將來完成時5現(xiàn)在進行時10含有情態(tài)動詞的注意事項被動語態(tài)的否定式是在第一個助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后加not,如：Trees should not be planted in summer. 短語動詞的被動態(tài)不可漏掉其中介副詞。固定結構be,如：The

51、boy was made fun of by his classmates. going to, used to, have to, had better變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)時，只需將其后的動詞變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)。如：Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl.下面主動形式常表示被動意義：如：The window wants/needs/requires repairing.The book is worth reading twice.The door wont shut. / The play wont act.The clothes washes

52、well. / The book sells well.The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold.翻譯：1.這淋浴感覺好極了這咖啡味道好極了那魚臭了尼龍內衣很好洗下面詞或短語沒有被動態(tài)：（比如一些表狀態(tài)的動詞，等等）leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agre

53、e with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等漢語有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動結構表示。如：It is believed that人們認為 It is generally considered that It is said that一據(jù)說It is well known that It must be pointed out that It is supposed thatIt is reported that It must be admitted that 必須承認It is hoped that 注意非謂語動

54、詞的被動語態(tài)：(不定式to do sth.動名詞doing和分詞doing/done)翻譯 1.I am afraid of(被跟著)by a robber.When he awoke , he found himself( 被照顧)by an old woman.At first , Im not used to 破批評),and would find excuses for my mistakes. 注意:be done結構不一定表示被動，還可表現(xiàn)為：系動詞鉉語(由過去分詞充當)，如：Dorf t be worried about him.He is interested in music

55、翻譯：1 :聽到這個消息，他很吃驚。他對我的答案很滿意Multiple choices:Once environment damage, it takes many years for the system to recover.A) has done B)is to do C) does D) is doneThe bank is reported in the local newspaper in broad daylight yesterday.A) being robbed B) having been robbed C) to have been robbed D) rob七.定語從

56、句（結合book 1第13-14課課后語法復習）I.定語從句起了形容詞的作用，在句中修飾L個名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞，他的作用一是放在 先行詞與定語從句中間起了連接作用，二是在從句中擔當一個成分，并與先行詞保持數(shù)的一致。關系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關系 代詞who人主語Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom which 和 that 在從句中做賓語時， 常可以省略，但介詞 提前時后面關系代 詞不能省略，也不可 以用thatwhom人賓語Mr. Smith is the person wi

57、th whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人，物定語I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.that人，物主語，賓語A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主語，賓語The book (which) I ga

58、ve you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人，物主語，賓語He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.as做賓語一般不省 略關系 副詞when時間時間狀語I will never forget the day when we met there.可用 on whichwhere地點地點狀語This is the house where I was

59、born.可用 in whichwhy原因原因狀語I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用 for whichII. that 與 which, who, whom 的用法區(qū)別:情況用法說明例句只用that的情況.先行為 all, everything, anything, nothing, little,much等不定代詞時。.先行詞被 all, any, every, each, much,little, no, some,few等修飾時.先行詞有形容詞最高級和序數(shù)詞修飾時.先行詞既指人又指物時.先行詞被the onl

60、y, the very 修飾時.句中已經(jīng)有who或which時，為了避免重復時.He told me everything that he knows.All the books that you offered has been given out.This is the best film that I have everread.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.He is the only man that I want to see.Who is the man that is making a spe