1、 高中語法的知識總結2023高中語法的學問總結1 定語從句 概念：在復合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。 成分：先行詞，即被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞;關系代詞：that，which，who(賓格為whom,全部格為whose);或者關系副詞where，when，why等。關系代詞或關系副詞處在先行詞和定語從句之間，起著連接主從句的作用。 1. 關系代詞that的用法 關系代詞that在定語從句中既能指人，也能指物;既能做主語，也能做賓語 例：1)A plane is a machine that can fly. (指物，作主語) 2)The noodles (that) I cook

2、ed were delicious. (指物，作賓語) 3)Who is the man that is reading a book over there? (指人，作主語) 4)The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jims sister,(指人，作賓語) 2. 關系代詞which的用法 關系代詞which在定語從句中只能指物，但既可以做賓語也能作主語 例：1)They planted some trees which didnt need much water. (作主語) 2)The fish (which) we bought this morni

3、ng were not fresh. (作賓語) 3. 關系代詞who，whom的用法 關系代詞who,whom 只能指人，在定語從句中分別作主語和賓語 例：1)The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.(作主語) 2)The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. (作賓語)、 4. 關系代詞whose在的用法 關系代詞whose為關系代詞who的全部格形式，其先行詞既可以是人也可以是物，whose和它所修飾的名詞在定語從句中既可以做主語也可以做賓語。 例：1)This is the

4、scientist whose name is known all over the world. (指人，作主語) 2) The room whose window faces south is mine. (指物，作主語) 3)He has written a book whose name Ive forgotten. (指物，作賓語) 5. 關系副詞when的用法 關系副詞when在定語從句中作時間狀語 例：1)Ill never forget the time when (=during which) we worked on the farm. 2) Do you remember

5、 the afternoon when (=on which) we first met three years ago? 6. 關系副詞where在定語從句中的用法 關系副詞where在定語從句中做地點狀語 例：1)This is the place where( =at/ in which) we first met. 2) The hotel where (= in which ) we stayed wasnt very clean. 7. 關系副詞why在定語從句中的用法 關系副詞why在定語從句中作緣由狀語 例: 1). I didnt get a pay rise, but th

6、is wasnt the reason why(= for which) I left. 2). The reason why (=for which) he has late was that he missed the train. 高中語法的學問總結2 It的用法 1、It除了代替人和物以外，還可以作形式主語。而真正的主語(不定式、動名詞或從句)則放于謂語或表語之后。 例如：It is nor easy to finish the work in two days. 然而有少數表語之后接動名詞作真正的主語。這些表語是：無助(no help)、無用(no use)、沒好處(no good)

7、;工作(hard work)、費時(a waste of time)、又危急(a danger)。 例如：A、It is no use crying over spilt milk. B、It is a waste of time waiting for him. 2、It還可以作形式賓語。通常下列動詞后面可接it作形式賓語：2f2tcjm(find，feel,think,take,consider，judge, make)。 例如：A、He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject. B、I think it no us

8、e arguing with him. 3、It用于強調句式。要強調（句子）的某一部分(主語、賓語、 狀語)，可以把it當作先行詞。這種句子的結構是：It is(was)+ 被強調部分+that(who)+句子的其余部分。 例如：A、It iS Professor Lin who teaches us English(強調主語) B、It was in Shanghai that l saw the film.(強調狀語) C、It was in 1990 that I worked in the factory.(同上) 但要留意與定語從句的區分。 例如：D、It was 1990 when

9、 I worked in the factory.(定語從句) 在強調句式里，我們把強調結構It is(was)that除去，句子還很完整。如例句C。而例句D就不能。 高中語法的學問總結3 陳述句的變化規章 直接引語假如是陳述句，變為間接引語時，用連詞that(可省略)引導，從句中的人稱、時態、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語都要發生相應的變化。 人稱的變化人稱的變化主要是要理解句子的意思 例：1. He said, “ I like it very much.” He said that he liked it very much. 2. He said to me, “Iv left my b

10、ook in your room.” He told me that he had left his book in my room. 例： “I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne. Anne said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary. The boy said, “Im using a knife.” The boy said that he was using a knife. 留意：假如直接引語是客觀真理，變

11、為間接引語時，時態不變，如： He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.” He said that light travels much faster than sound. 指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化 (二) 祈使句的變化規章 假如直接引語是祈使句，變為間接引語時，要將祈使句的動詞原形變為帶to的不定式，并依據句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等動詞，假如祈使句是否定句，在不定式前面還要加上not。例： The hostess said to us, “Please sit down.” The hostess asked us to sit down. He said, “Dont make so much noise, boys.” He told the boys not to make so much noise. (三)疑問句的變化規章 假如直接引語是疑問句，變為間接引語時要把疑問句語序變為陳述句語序，句末用句號。 一般疑問句：假如直接引語是一般疑問句，變為間接引語時，謂語動詞是say或said時，要改為 ask 或asked,原問句變為由if/whether 引導的賓語從句。例: “Do you think a diary can become your friend?” t