1、專四語法復(fù)習(xí)：主謂一致Agreement of Subject and Verb Agreement of Subject and Predicate第1頁，共47頁。主謂一致Teaching Objectives：1. 了解主謂一致的內(nèi)涵及意義2. 熟練掌握主謂一致的原則、種類及應(yīng)用第2頁，共47頁。主謂一致Teaching Contents 定義三原則種類真題解析練習(xí)第3頁，共47頁。Agreement(主謂一致）一.主謂一致的定義： 謂語受主語支配，須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這叫做主謂一致。二.主謂一致的三原則:語法一致原則意義/內(nèi)容一致原則就近原則第4頁，共47頁。1.語法一致原則

2、:主語是單數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： Every coin has two sides. My friends have no intention of going shopping with me.第5頁，共47頁。2.意義一致原則：主語和謂語的一致不是由主語的語法形式來決定，而是由主語所表達(dá)的意義來決定。例如：The class are busy writing English passages.The United States is a developed country which has advanced science and technolo

3、gy. 第6頁，共47頁。3.就近原則.謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于最近它的主語。由eitheror, neithernor, not only but also由here或 there等連接引導(dǎo)的句子，謂語動詞遵循這一原則。Eg: Neither my friends nor I was able to persuade him to accept our advice.第7頁，共47頁。I. 語法一致原則真題： 第8頁，共47頁。1. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication.is play

4、ing have playedare playing playABCD提交單選題1分第9頁，共47頁。2. A library with five thousand books_ to the nation as a gift.is offeredhas offeredare offeredhave offeredABCD提交單選題1分第10頁，共47頁。3.All but one _ here just now.iswaswerehas beenABCD提交單選題1分第11頁，共47頁。1.1 語法一致原則1.1 如果主語是單數(shù)，后面跟有with, along with, together

5、with, as well as, more than, no less than, rather than, like, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引導(dǎo)的短語，謂語動詞仍舊是單數(shù)形式.Eg:是杰克而不是他的同學(xué)要受到責(zé)備。Jack, rather than his classmates, is to blame.第12頁，共47頁。1.2 語法一致原則The poet and the writer has/have? come.Each boy and each girl wants /want? to go to the

6、 cinema.?第13頁，共47頁。The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. iswasarewereABCD提交單選題1分第14頁，共47頁。The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, _ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities. have allowedallowal

7、lowing allows ABCD提交單選題1分第15頁，共47頁。1.2 語法一致原則1.2 由and 連接的并列主語，如果表示的是同一個(gè)人，事或物體的時(shí)候，謂語用單數(shù)，否則用復(fù)數(shù)。但當(dāng)用and 連接的并列主語被each, every或no修飾時(shí)，謂語動詞 用單數(shù)。Eg:法律秩序?qū)Τ植煌姷娜藖碚f意味著不同的東西。Law and order means different things to people with different political opinions.第16頁，共47頁。1.3 語法一致原則 1.3不定式和動名詞短語以及從句做主語。為人民服務(wù)就是我最大的幸福。漲工資

8、極大的提高了員工的士氣。我們什么時(shí)候去郊游已經(jīng)決定了。To serve the people is my great happiness.Increasing wages has raised the crews morale.When well go out for an outing has been decided.第17頁，共47頁。1.3 語法一致原則注意：關(guān)系代詞what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語視情況而定。我需要的是一個(gè)平靜的生活。我需要的只是些安眠藥。What I need is a peaceful life.What I need are some sleeping pills.第1

9、8頁，共47頁。1.4 語法一致原則1.4 成對的名詞trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses等作主語時(shí)：鞋子穿起來很舒服（wear）。桌上有一雙鞋子。The shoes wear quite smooth.A pair of shoes was on the desk.第19頁，共47頁。1.5 語法一致原則1.5 百分?jǐn)?shù)/分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞 作主語時(shí):這個(gè)工廠百分之二十的工人是女性。地球表面超過百分之七十為水覆蓋。在場三分之二的人都反對這個(gè)提議。Twenty percent of the workers in the factory are women.Alt

10、ogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.Two-thirds of the people present are against the proposal.第20頁，共47頁。1.6 語法一致原則1.6 One of 和 the only one of This is one of the most interesting stories that has/have? been told.她是這些女孩中唯一一個(gè)愿意參加補(bǔ)考的學(xué)生。She is the only one of tho

11、se girls who is willing to take a make-up exam.第21頁，共47頁。1.7 語法一致原則1.7 如果主語有more than one或many a構(gòu)成，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，但它的謂語動詞仍遵循語法一致原則。如：例句：聽了他的演講之后，許多學(xué)生都很受鼓舞。Many a /more than one student is encouraged after hearing his speech. 第22頁，共47頁。II.內(nèi)容一致原則 2.1 不定代詞all,none,some,any,either,neither作主語時(shí)：EG：閃閃發(fā)光物并非皆黃

12、金。All that glitters is not gold.兩只鞋都不合腳。 Neither shoe fits comfortably. 第23頁，共47頁。2.2內(nèi)容一致原則2.2 all of ,some of, none of ,half of, most of. lots of, plenty of 等非確定數(shù)量+名詞 作主語時(shí)：大部分蘋果都爛掉了。這個(gè)蘋果的大部分被老鼠吃掉了。Most of the apples were rotten.Most of the apple was rotten by a rat.第24頁，共47頁。2.3 內(nèi)容一致原則2.3 the+形容詞/分

13、詞 作主語:病人已經(jīng)被救治，失蹤的已經(jīng)被找到。美的并不總是好的。The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.The beautiful is not always the good.The departed/deceased was a well-known engineer.第25頁，共47頁。2.4 內(nèi)容一致原則2.4 集體名詞作主語時(shí)，如army, audience, committee, community, company, council, crew, enemy, family, government, group,

14、 jury, navy, public, staff, team, etc.)A special committee has/have? been set up.The committee has/have? discussed the problem.第26頁，共47頁。2.5 內(nèi)容一致原則2.5 形復(fù)意單的名詞如；news;以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科/疾病名稱 作主語時(shí)：有消息傳來他考試再次失利了.News/tidings has come that he failed in the examination again.麻疹是一種傳染病。Measles is an infectious disea

15、se.第27頁，共47頁。2.6 內(nèi)容一致原則2.6 the/a number of+名詞作主語：真題： 第28頁，共47頁。The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.were; was was; waswas; were were; wereABCD提交單選題1分第29頁，共47頁。2.7 內(nèi)容一致原則2.7 由and 連接的成對名詞習(xí)慣上被當(dāng)做一個(gè)整體，如bread and butter, knife and fork.威士忌酒加蘇打水是他最喜愛的飲料。

16、Whisky and soda is always his favorite drink.Brown bread and butter is usually eaten with smoked salmon.第30頁，共47頁。2.8 內(nèi)容一致原則2.8 表示時(shí)間，金錢，距離，度量等詞作主語:真題： 第31頁，共47頁。The last half of the nineteenth century _ the steady improvement in the means of travel.have witnessedwas witnessedwitnessed is witnessedAB

17、CD提交單選題1分第32頁，共47頁。2.8 內(nèi)容一致原則那時(shí)一百米對劉翔來說是太遠(yuǎn)的一段距離。100 meters was too long a distance for Liuxiang at that time.第33頁，共47頁。III.就近原則3.1 here,there,where 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句和存在句中你不在時(shí)你妻子和孩子待在哪里呢？有好多種書供你選擇。Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?There are a variety of books for you to choose.注意： 存在句型t

18、here be 的變體There appear/seem to be several reasons for changing the plan.第34頁，共47頁。III.就近原則3.2 用連詞or，eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等連接的并列主語要么是他要么是你拿了我的筆記本。Either he or you have taken my notebook.真題： 第35頁，共47頁。Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.i

19、sareambeABCD提交單選題1分第36頁，共47頁。其他1.書名、電影名或格言等專有名詞做主語NoPains,NoGainsisawidelyquotedproverb.Gone with the Wind is an American epic historical romance film.真題：第37頁，共47頁。1. On the wall_ two large portraits.hangshang hanged hanging ABCD提交單選題1分第38頁，共47頁。2.“News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander sa