1、外貿英語詞匯一、貿易詞匯1、貿易方式stocks 存貨，庫存量cash sale 現貨purchase 購買，進貨bulk sale 整批銷售，躉售distribution channels 銷售渠道wholesale 批發retail trade 零售業hire-purchase 分期付款購買fluctuate in line with market conditions 隨行就市unfair competition 不合理競爭dumping 商品傾銷dumping profit margin 傾銷差價，傾銷幅度antidumping 反傾銷customs bond 海關擔保chain de

2、bts 三角債freight forwarder 貨運代理trade consultation 貿易磋商mediation of dispute 商業糾紛調解partial shipment 分批裝運restraint of trade 貿易管制RTA (Regional Trade Arrangements) 區域貿易安排favorable balance of trade 貿易順差unfavorable balance of trade 貿易逆差special preferences 優惠關稅bonded warehouse 保稅倉庫transit trade 轉口貿易tariff bar

3、rier 關稅壁壘tax rebate 出口退稅TBT (Technical Barriers to Trade) 技術性貿易壁壘2、貿易伙伴trade partner 貿易伙伴manufacturer 制造商，制造廠middleman 中間商，經紀人dealer 經銷商wholesaler 批發商retailer, tradesman 零售商merchant 商人，批發商，零售商concessionaire, licensed dealer 受讓人，特許權獲得者consumer 消費者，用戶client, customer 顧客，客戶buyer 買主，買方carrier 承運人consign

4、ee 收貨人3、進出口貿易commerce, trade, trading 貿易inland trade, home trade, domestic trade 國內貿易international trade 國際貿易foreign trade, external trade 對外貿易，外貿import, importation 進口importer 進口商export, exportation 出口exporter 出口商import licence 進口許口證export licence 出口許口證commercial transaction 買賣，交易inquiry 詢盤delivery

5、 交貨order 訂貨make a complete entry 正式/完整申報bad account 壞帳Bill of Lading 提單marine bills of lading 海運提單shipping order 托運單blank endorsed 空白背書endorsed 背書cargo receipt 承運貨物收據condemned goods 有問題的貨物catalogue 商品目錄customs liquidation 清關customs clearance 結關4、貿易價格trade term / price term 價格術語world / international

6、market price 國際市場價格FOB (free on board) 離岸價C&F (cost and freight) 成本加運費價CIF (cost, insurance and freight) 到岸價freight 運費wharfage 碼頭費landing charges 卸貨費customs duty 關稅port dues 港口稅import surcharge 進口附加稅import variable duties 進口差價稅commission 傭金return commission 回傭，回扣price including commission 含傭價net pri

7、ce 凈價wholesale price 批發價discount / allowance 折扣retail price 零售價spot price 現貨價格current price 現行價格 / 時價indicative price 參考價格customs valuation 海關估價price list 價目表total value 總值5、貿易保險All Risks 一切險F.P.A. (Free from Particular Average) 平安險W.A. / W.P.A (With Average or With Particular Average) 水漬險War Risk 戰

8、爭險F.W.R.D. (Fresh Water Rain Damage) 淡水雨淋險Risk of Intermixture and Contamination 混雜、玷污險Risk of Leakage 滲漏險Risk of Odor 串味險Risk of Rust 銹蝕險Shortage Risk 短缺險T.P.N.D. ( Theft, Pilferage & Non-delivery) 偷竊提貨不著險Strikes Risk 罷工險6、貿易機構WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界貿易組織IMF (International Monetary Fund) 國

9、際貨幣基金組織CTG (Council for Trade in Goods) 貨幣貿易理事會EFTA (European Free Trade Association) 歐洲自由貿易聯盟AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area) 東盟自由貿易區JCCT (China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade) 中美商貿聯委會NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) 北美自由貿易區UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 聯合

10、國貿易與發展會議GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 關貿總協定7、詞組及固定用法foreign trade 對外貿易overseas trade 海外貿易international trade 國際貿易to trade with 和進行貿易to do business in a moderate way 做生意穩重to do business in a sincere way 做生意誠懇to make a deal 做一筆交易deal 交易，經營，處理，與交往to deal in 經營，做生意to explore the possibil

11、ities of 探討的可能性trade circles 貿易界to handle 經營某商品to trade in 經營某商品business scope/frame 經營范圍trading firm/house 貿易行，商行trade by commodities 商品貿易visible trade 有形貿易invisible trade 無形貿易barter trade 易貨貿易bilateral trade 雙邊貿易triangle trade 三角貿易multilateral trade 多邊貿易counter trade 對銷貿易；抵償貿易counter purchase 互購貿易

12、buy-back 回購貿易compensation trade 補償貿易processing trade 來料加工貿易assembling trade 來料裝配貿易leasing trade 租賃貿易in exchange for 用交換trade agreement 貿易協議8、示例詞匯：China Scooter 中國踏板車China Scooter Exporter 中國踏板車出口商China Scooter Producers 中國踏板車生產商China Scooter Suppliers 中國踏板車供貨商Scooter China Exporter 中國踏板車出口商Scooter C

13、hina Producers 中國踏板車生產商Scooter China Suppliers 中國踏板車供貨商Scooter Exporter 踏板車出口商Scooter Exporter China 中國踏板車出口商Scooter Exporters 踏板車出口商Scooter Factories 踏板車工廠Scooter Factory 踏板車工廠Scooter Manufacturer 踏板車制造廠家Scooter Manufacturers 踏板車制造商Scooter Manufacturing 踏板車制造Scooter Producer 踏板車生產商Scooter Producers

14、 踏板車生產商Scooter Producers China 中國踏板車生產商Scooter Product 踏板車產品Scooter Products 踏板車產品Scooter Supplier 踏板車供貨商Scooter Suppliers 踏板車供貨商Scooter Suppliers China 中國踏板車供貨商二、貿易語句They mainly trade with Japanese firms.他們主要和日本商行進行貿易。For the past five years, we have done a lot of trade with your company.在過去的五年中，我們

15、與貴國進行了罅康拿騁住?/POur trade is conducted on the basis of equality.我們是在平等的基礎上進行貿易。There has been a slowdown in the wool trade with you.和你們的羊毛貿易已有所減少。Our foreign trade is continuously expanding.我們的對外貿易不斷發展。Trade in leather has gone up (down) 3%.皮革貿易上升（下降）了百分之三。Trade in general is improving.貿易情況正在好轉。Our co

16、mpany mainly trades in arts and crafts.我們公司主要經營手工藝品。They are well-known in trade circles.他們在貿易界很有名望。We trade with people in all countries on the basis of equality and mutualbenefit.我們在平等互利的基礎上和各國人民進行貿易。To respect the local custom of the buying country is one important aspectof Chinas foreign policy.

17、尊重買方國家的風俗習慣是我國貿易政策的一個重要方面。Our purpose is to explore the possibilities of developing trade with you.我們的目的是和你們探討一下發展貿易的可能性。Can we do a barter trade?咱們能不能做一筆易貨貿易呢？Is it still a direct barter trade?這還算是一種直接的易貨貿易嗎？If you agree to our proposal of a barter trade, well give you paper inexchange for your tim

18、ber.如果你方同意我們進行易貨貿易的建議，我們將用紙與你們交換木材。Shall we sign a triangle trade agreement?我們訂一個三角貿易協議好嗎？A triangle trade can be carried out among the three of us.我們三方可進行三角貿易。Compensation trade is, in fact, a kind of loan.補償貿易實際上是一種信貸。We may agree to do processing trade with you.我們同意與你們進行來料加工貿易。If youre interested

19、 in leasing trade, please let us know.如果你們有意做租賃貿易，請告訴我們。We wonder whether you do counter trade.我們不知道你們是否做抵償貿易。三、出席商務會議的常用英語The following phrases are used to participate in a meeting. Thesephrases are useful for expressing your ideas and giving input to ameeting.Getting the Chairpersons Attention 引起會

20、議主席的注意(Mister/Madam) chairman.May I have a word?If I may, I think.Excuse me for interrupting.May I come in here?Giving Opinions 表達意見Im positive that.I (really) feel that.In my opinion.The way I see things.If you ask me,. I tend to think that.Asking for Opinions 詢問意見Are you positive that.Do you (real

21、ly) think that.(name of participant) can we get your input?How do you feel about.?Commenting 做出評論Thats interesting .I never thought about it that way before.Good point!I get your point.I see what you mean.Agreeing 表示同意I totally agree with you.Exactly!Thats (exactly) the way I feel.I have to agree wi

22、th (name of participant).Disagreeing 表示異議Unfortunately, I see it differently.Up to a point I agree with you, but.(Im afraid) I cant agreeAdvising and Suggesting 提出建議Lets.We should.Why dont you.How/What about.I suggest/recommend that.Clarifying 澄清Let me spell out.Have I made that clear?Do you see wha

23、t Im getting at?Let me put this another way.Id just like to repeat that.Requesting Information 請求信息Please, could you.Id like you to.Would you mind.I wonder if you could.Asking for Repetition 請求重復Im afraid I didnt understand that. Could you repeat what you justsaid?I didnt catch that. Could you repea

24、t that, please?I missed that. Could you say it again, please?Could you run that by me one more time?Asking for Clarification 要求澄清I dont quite follow you. What exactly do you mean?Im afraid I dont quite understand what your are getting at.Could you explain to me how that is going to work?I dont see w

25、hat you mean. Could we have some more details, please?Asking for Verification 請求確認You did say next week, didnt you? (did is stressed)Do you mean that.?Is it true that.?Asking for Spelling 請求拼寫Could you spell that, please?Would you mind spelling that for me, please?Asking for Contributions 請求賜教We hav

26、ent heard from you yet, (name of participant).What do you think about this proposal?Would you like to add anything, (name of participant)?Has anyone else got anything to contribute?Are there any more comments?Correcting Information 更正Sorry, I think you misunderstood what I said.Sorry, thats not quit

27、e right.Im afraid you dont understand what Im saying.Thats not quite what I had in mind.Thats not what I meant.Keeping the Meeting On Target (time, relevance, decisions) 轉入正題Were running short of time.Well, that seems to be all the time we have today.Please be brief.Im afraid weve run out of time.Im

28、 afraid thats outside the scope of this meeting.Lets get back on track, why dont we?Thats not really why were here today.Why dont we return to the main focus of todays meeting.Well have to leave that to another time.Were beginning to lose sight of the main point.Keep to the point, please.I think wed

29、 better leave that for another meeting.Are we ready to make a decision?四、商務合同及翻譯英譯商務合同貌似簡單，實則不然。商務合同是一種特殊的應用文體，重在記實，用詞行文的一大特點就是準確與嚴謹。本文擬運用翻譯教學中所積累的英譯商務合同的實例，從三個方面論述如何從大處著眼、小處著手、力求準確嚴謹英譯商務合同。1、酌情使用公文語慣用副詞商務合同屬于法律性公文，所以英譯時，有些詞語要用公文語詞語、特別是酌情使用英語慣用的一套公文語副詞，就會起到使譯文結構嚴謹、邏輯嚴密、言簡意賅的作用。但是從一些合同的英文譯本中發現，這種公文語副

30、同常被普通詞語所代替，從而影響到譯文的質量。實際上，這種公文語慣用副同為數并不多，而已構詞簡單易記。常用的這類副詞是由 here、there、where 等副詞分別加上after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with 等副詞，構成一體化形式的公文語副詞。例如：從此以后、今后：hereafter；此后、以后：thereafter；在其上：thereonthereupon；在其下：thereunder；對于這個：hereto；對于那個：whereto；在上文：hereinabovehereinbefore；在下文：hereinafterhereinbelow；在上文中、在上

31、一部分中：thereinbefore；在下文中、在下一部分中：thereinafter現用兩個實例，說明在英譯合同中如何酌情使用上述副詞。例 1：本合同自買方和建造方簽署之日生效。This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof bythe Buyer and the Builder.例 2：下述簽署人同意在中國制造新產品，其品牌以此為合適。The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this tradename is more

32、appropriate are made in China.2、慎重處理合同的關鍵細目實踐證明，英譯合同中容易出現差錯的地方，一般來說，不是大的陳述性條款。而恰恰是一些關鍵的細目比如：金錢、時間、數量等。為了避免出差錯，在英譯合同時，常常使用一些有限定作用的結構來界定細目所指定的確切范圍。3.1 限定責任眾所周知，合同中要明確規定雙方的責任。為英譯出雙方責任的權限與范圍，常常使用連詞和介詞的固定結構。現把最常用的此類結構舉例說明如下。3.1.1 and/or常用 and/or 英譯合同中“甲和乙+甲或乙”的內容，這樣就可避免漏譯其中的一部分。例 9：如果上述貨物對船舶和（或）船上其它貨物造成任

33、何損害，托運人應負全責。The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to theship and/or cargo on buard.3.1.2 by and between常用 by and between 強調合同是由“雙方”簽訂的，因此雙方必須嚴格履行合同所賦于的責任。例 10：買賣雙方同意按下述條款購買出售下列商品并簽訂本合同。This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby theBuyer agrees to

34、 buy and the Seller agrees to sell the undermentionedcommodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.3.2 限定時間英譯與時間有關的文字，都應非常嚴格慎重地處理，因為合同對時間的要求是準確無誤。所以英譯起止時間時，常用以下結構來限定準確的時間。3.2.1 雙介詞用雙介詞英譯含當天日期在內的起止時間。例 11；自9月2O日起，甲方已無權接受任何定單或收據。Party Ashall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to

35、collect anyaccount on and after September 20.例 12：我公司的條件是，3 個月內，即不得晚于5月1日，支付現金。Our terms are cash within three months, i.e. on or before May 1.3.2.2 not(no)later than用“not (no) later than +日期”英譯“不遲于某月某日”。例 13：本合同簽字之日一個月內，即不遲于12月15日，你方須將貨物裝船。Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date o

36、f signing thisContract, i.e. not later than December 15.3.2.3 include 的相應形式常用 include 的相應形式：inclusive、including 和 included，來限定含當日在內的時間。例 14：本證在北京議付，有效期至1月1日。This credit expires till January 1(inclusive) for negotiation in Beijing.(or:This credit expires till and including January 1 for negotiation i

37、nBeijing.) 如果不包括1月1日在內，英譯為 till and not including January 1。3.3限定金額為避免金額數量的差漏、偽造或涂改，英譯時常用以下措施嚴格把關。3.3.1.大寫文字重復金額英譯金額須在小寫之后，在括號內用大寫文字重復該金額，即使原文合同中沒有大寫，英譯時也有必要加上大寫。在大寫文字前加上“SAY”，意為“大寫”；在最后加上“ONLY”。意思為“整”。必須注意：小寫與大寫的金額數量要一致。例 16：聘方須每月付給受聘方美元 500 元整。Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 500

38、 (SAY FIVE HUNDREDUS DOLLARS ONLY).3.3.2. 正確使用貨幣符號英譯金額必須注意區分和正確使用各種不同的貨幣名稱符號。“$”既可代表“美元”，又可代表其他某些地方的貨幣；而“”不僅代表“英鎊”，又可代表其他某些地方的貨幣。必須注意：當金額用數字書寫時，金額數字必須緊*貨幣符號，例如：Can $891,568，不能寫成：Can $891,568。另外，翻譯的還要特別注意金額中是小數點 （.） 還是分節號（,），因為這兩個符號極易引起筆誤，稍有疏忽，其后果是不堪設想的。3、常見英語翻譯錯誤示例在一些由中文翻譯的英語樣本、合同、廣告和其他文件材料中常見一些翻譯錯誤

39、，現僅舉幾個出現頻率較高的例子，試作分析，謹供讀者朋友參考。1.由港澳國際投資公司投資的海口電站工程因其建設速度和質量得到高度評價。原譯文：The Haikou Power Station Project invested by the Hongkong-MacauInternational Investment Co, Ltd. was highly appraised for itsconstruction speed and quality.注：投資某項工程應為invest in a project，在被動語態中不能漏去前置詞in。應譯為：The Haikou Power Station

40、 Project invested in（在某些情況下可用financed or funded）by the Hongkong-Macau International Investment Co., Ltd. was highlyappraised for its construction speed and quality.2.上海SFECO擁有5個控股子公司。原譯文：Shanghai SFECO Group has 5 share-holding companies.注：share-holding company指控制或持有某公司股權的股東公司。上述譯文意思是5個公司持有Shanghai

41、SFECOGroup的股份，換句話說，這5個公司是“老子”公司，因此顯然不符合中文原意。應譯為：Shanghai SFECO Group is a holding company of 5 subsidiary companies.或Shanghai SFECO Group holds shares of 5 subsidiary companies.3.中國民生銀行有限公司原譯文：China Minsheng Banking Corporation, Ltd.注：corporation本身即為有限公司，相當于limited company，英譯中無需再加“Ltd”。應譯為：China Minsheng Banking Corporation4.項目中標之后，我們將立即開始前期準備工作。原譯文：After the bid is awarded, we shall immediately start ouradvance-phase preparation.注：項目中標應為accept a bid or award the contract。顯然上述譯文把兩種表達法相混淆了。應譯為：After the bid