1、高考英語非謂語動詞單項選擇分類及詳解一個句子里面只能有一個主謂結構主語+謂語我走在街上我看見一個商店走在街上，我看見一個商店在句中充當除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞分為三種形式：不定式、動名詞和分詞（分詞包括現在分詞和過去分詞）不定式、動名詞和現在分詞都有時態和語態的變化.不定式主動語態被動語態與謂語動詞的關系一般式To doTo be done動作發生在謂語動作之后進行式To be doing與謂語動作同時發生完成式To have doneTo have been done動作發生在謂語動作之前動名詞主動語態被動語態與謂語動詞的關系一般式DoingBeing don

2、e與謂語動作同時發生完成式Having doingHaving been done動作發生在謂語動作之前現在分詞主動語態被動語態與謂語動詞的關系一般式DoingBeing done與謂語動作同時發生完成式Having doneHaving been done動作發生在謂語動作之前To do 1.目的 為了（狀語） 2. 將來（定語） 3.表對前面的抽象名詞進行解釋說明（表語 ） （目的狀語 伴隨狀語 結果狀語 ）Doing 主動Done 被動不定式作狀語 固定句式Make sth. +adj (比較級)+to do1.Tom asked the candy makers if they cou

3、ld make the chocolate easier_into small pieces. A.breakB.breakingC.brokenD.to breakeasy, difficult, hard, comfortable等形容詞（注意：這類不定式通常要用主動式表示被動意義）2.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable_.A.heldB.holdingC.be heldD.to hold其他make的用法Make 使動用法Make

4、 制作因為用作使役動詞的make后接不定式作賓語補足語時，不定式必須省略to。但事實上，句中的make不是使役動詞，其后不定式也不是賓語補足語。這里的make表示“做”“制造”，其后的不定式為目的狀語。句意為：西蒙做了一個大竹盒子來收養這只有病的小病，等它能飛的時候再放走它。又如：We make candles to give light.我們做蠟燭照明。He made a box to put his money in.他做了個盒子來裝錢。8.Simon made a big bamboo box_the little sick bird till it could fly.A.keepB.

5、keptC.keepingD.to keepIt is +adj +for/of sb. to do sth. 復合結構3.Its important for the figures_regularly.A.to be undatedB.to have been updatedC.to updateD.to have updatedIts no use （in）doing sth10.Its no use_without taking action. A.complainB.complainingC.being complainedD.to be complained作賓語下列動詞只能接不定式

6、作賓語，請牢記下面的口訣：決心學會想希望，拒絕設法愿假裝。主動答應選計劃，同意請求幫一幫。即:decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/long;refuse,manage,wish,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,help.名詞ability后接習慣上接不定式作定語He has the ability to speak English fluently.他能流利地說英語。The ability to be clearly heard is extremely important for ne

7、wsreaders.聲音宏亮清晰對新聞廣播員來說極為重要。4.The ability_an idea is as important as the idea itself. A.expressingB.expressedC.to expressD.to be expressed動詞seem后接習慣上接不定式，而不接動名詞I cant seem to make him understand.我似乎無法使他明白。The houses seem to blend into the surrounding scenery.這些房子和周圍的景色渾然一體。The old man didnt seem to

8、 attach any importance to the problem.那老人似乎一點也不重視那問題。5.Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailingbut we seem_the art of communicating face-to-face. A.losingB.to be losingC.to be lostD.having lostAllow/advise/forbid/permit/consider/permit sb to do sth（允許某人做某事） sb be permited to doAllow/advise

9、/forbid/permit/consider/permit doing 6.Passengers are permitted_only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. A.to carryB.carryingC.to be carriedD.being carriedfeel like的意思是“想要”，其中的like是介詞。介詞后接動詞一般要用動名詞11.Lydiadoesnt feel like_abroad. Her parents are old. A.studyB.studyingC.studiedD.to study表目的 目的狀

10、語 (in order to so as to )Stop turning (your heads) round to look at people.別再(把頭)扭過去看人。The Government set up a working party to look into the problem.政府成立了工作組調查那個問題。7.More TV programs, according to government official, will be produced_concern over food safety. A.to raiseB.raisingC.to have raisedD.h

11、aving raise表原因 原因狀語不定式作原因狀語，一般位于表示心理活動或情緒的形容詞后面，說明產生這種情緒的原因。這類形容詞主要有：happy,excited,surprised,frightened,shocked,glad,delighted 等。I am so excited_(be) here!The boy was shocked _(see) the frightening scene.表結果 結果狀語 不定式作結果狀語，多表示出乎意料的結果，有時前面加only ，以加強語氣；還常用在too.to,enough.to,so.as to 等結構中。She returned on

12、ly _（find）that no one was at home .語法（根據時態 語態去判斷）To do 表將來9.If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city_by their enthusiastic supporters.A.being cheeredB.be cheeredC.to be cheeredD.were cheeredHis novel is said _to be published_(publish) next week.1.Itsgreat_to hear _(h

13、ear)thisnewsthatChinateamwonthematch.2.Hepretended_to sleep_(sleep)whenhisyoungerbrothercamein.3.Weagreed_to meet _(meet)herebutsofarshehasnotturnedupyet.4.Although regularexerciseisveryimportant,itsneveragoodidea_to exercise_(exercise)tooclosetobedtime.5.Itsgoingtorain.Youdbetter_bring _(bring)theu

14、mbrellawithyouwhengoingout.6.Youdonthavetorunfastforlong_to see_(see)thebenefit.為了 D。根據英語語法，在easy, difficult, hard, comfortable等形容詞后習慣上接不定式作狀語（注意：這類不定式通常要用主動式表示被動意義），而四個選項中只有D為不定式，故選D。句意為：湯姆糖果制造商能否把巧克力做得更容易扳成小塊。2.D。此題考點設置方面與上面一題極為相似，也是考查在easy, difficult, hard, comfortable等形容詞接不定式作狀語的用法，其結構均為“make st

15、h +形容詞（且兩道題均為比較級）+不定式”。句意為：iPad 2與早期的型號在厚度和重量上不同，拿在手里很舒服。8.D。此題很容易誤選A，因為用作使役動詞的make后接不定式作賓語補足語時，不定式必須省略to。但事實上，句中的make不是使役動詞，其后不定式也不是賓語補足語。這里的make表示“做”“制造”，其后的不定式為目的狀語。句意為：西蒙做了一個大竹盒子來收養這只有病的小病，等它能飛的時候再放走它。又如：We make candles to give light.我們做蠟燭照明。He made a box to put his money in.他做了個盒子來裝錢。3.A。根據空格后的

16、regularly（經常）可知，動作的發生是經常性的，由此可排除B和D，因為它均為完成式（表示動作已經發生）；for引出的邏輯主語the figures與update存在著被動關系，故應選不定式的被動式，即選A。句意為：經常更新這些數值很重要。4.C。名詞ability后接習慣上接不定式作定語。本題的意思是：想法本身很重要，但能夠把想法表達出來也同樣很重要。又如：He has the ability to speak English fluently.他能流利地說英語。The ability to be clearly heard is extremely important for news

17、readers.聲音宏亮清晰對新聞廣播員來說極為重要。5.B。動詞seem后接習慣上接不定式，而不接動名詞，故可排除A和D；又因為空格后的the art of communicating face-to-face是用作動詞lose的賓語，所以空格處不能填不定式的被動式，故可排除C。又如：I cant seem to make him understand.我似乎無法使他明白。The houses seem to blend into the surrounding scenery.這些房子和周圍的景色渾然一體。The old man didnt seem to attach any impor

18、tance to the problem.那老人似乎一點也不重視那問題。6.A。此題考查permit sb to do sth（允許某人做某事）這一句式，只不過題中用的是該句式的被動式。又如：They were not permitted to form trade unions.他們不讓組織工會。7.A。不定式在此用作目的狀語，注意不能選C，因為用作目的狀語的不定式不能用完成式。句意為：根據：據政府官員說，為了喚起人們對食品安全的關注，將制作更多的電視節目。又如：Stop turning (your heads) round to look at people.別再(把頭)扭過去看人。The

19、 Government set up a working party to look into the problem.政府成立了工作組調查那個問題。9.C。從句法結構上看，空格處只能填一個非謂語動詞，故可排除D；選項A表示正在進行，不符合句意；選項B是動詞原形，而句中沒有要求省略不定式符號to的語法結構，故也不行；而選項C為不定式的被動式，既表示將來，同時也表示被動，符合語境。簡單地說，由于空格處填的非謂語動詞表目的，四個選項中只有C為不定式，可以表目的，故選C。句意為：如果他們贏了今晚的決賽，隊員們將會巡游全城，接受熱心支持者的歡呼。又如：The kids went to the hosp

20、ital to be inoculated.孩子們到醫院去接種疫苗。He will go to the clinic tomorrow to be examined by the doctor.他明天去診所讓大夫檢查。10.B。考查特殊句式its no use doing sth的用法。又如：Its no use talking about it now.現在談這事沒有用。Its no use pretending you didnt know.你裝糊涂是無濟于事的。Its no use saying any more about what I think.我的想法再說也沒用了。11.B。fe

21、el like的意思是“想要”，其中的like是介詞。根據英語語法，介詞后接動詞一般要用動名詞，故選B。又如：I dont feel like walking there.我不想步行到那里去。I felt like laughing, but I didnt dare.我想笑，但是不敢笑。不定式不定式的作用作主語 不定式作主語時，謂語用單數。往往用it 作形式主語，把不定式放在謂語后面。如：It took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of

22、you to help us.注意：（1）其他系動詞如look, appear等也可用于此句型。 （2）當不定式作主語的句子中又有一個不定式作表語時，不能用It is to的句型。試比較： It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（錯） To believe him is to negate my own idea .（對） （3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 結構中，當不定式的邏輯主語和前面的形容詞可以構成系表結構時，用of, 否則用 for.作賓語動詞+不定式。如：He managed to escap

23、e from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式賓語）注：下列動詞通常用不定式作賓語：want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等動詞+疑問詞+to , “特殊疑問句+不定式”相當于名詞，作賓語。如：I dont know what to do next/ how to do it next.I cant decide when to go

24、there.Why 開頭時去掉to 注意：不定式短語作賓語時，如果還帶有賓語補足語，往往把不定式短語放在賓語補足語之后，用it 作形式賓語。如：I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.作賓語補足語動詞+賓語+不定式（to do ）。如：He warned me to be careful.I want you to speak to Tom.What makes you think so?（不帶to的不定式） 注：可以用動詞不定式做賓補的動詞有：ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like,

25、advise, invite, allow, help, wish,warn, expect, prefer, encourage表見解、看法的動詞結構可為：動詞+賓語+ to be 的不定式結構。如：We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.The book is believed to be useful.（被動語態） (3) There +不定式。如：We didnt expect there to be so many people there.我們沒料到會有那么多人在那里。注意：（1）有些動詞需用 as 短

26、語作補語，像regard, think, believe, take, consider。如：We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我們認為湯姆是我們最好的老師。Mary took him as her father. 瑪麗把他當作自己的父親。（2）在動詞feel （一感），hear, listen to（二聽），have, let, make（三讓），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室兩廳一感覺)等后面的補足語中，不定式不帶to，但變為被動語態后，必須帶to。如：They saw the boy fa

27、ll off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree. (3)help后面作賓語補足語的不定式可以帶to,也可以不帶to. I often help him （to）clean the room. I helped him (to) find his things.作定語不定式作定語，修飾名詞或代詞，不定式和它所修飾的名詞之間有邏輯上的主謂關系、動狀關系、同位關系或動賓關系。不定式通常要放在這些被修飾的詞后。如：I have a lot of work to do.（動賓關系）He is looking for a room to liv

28、e in.（動狀關系）He is the first person to think of the idea.（主謂關系）He has got a chance to go abroad.（同位關系）注意：1.不定式的邏輯主語是句子的主語時，不定式用主動形式表被動。如： Do you have anything else to say? 2.如果作定語的不定式是一個短語，則要保留不定時短語中的副詞或介詞。如： I need a pen to write with . (I will wirte with the pen ) (我需要一直鋼筆寫字) I have a little baby to

29、 look after .(I must look after the little baby ) (我有一個嬰兒要照看)作狀語，表示目的、結果、原因等，有時還有一些固定搭配的不定式短語，如in order to , so as to, soas to, such as to, .enough to, tooto等。名師點津含有too或enough的一些否定句型中，否定詞和形容詞或副詞的原級連用，表示極為強烈的肯定意義。cant/couldnt . tooadj./adv. 無論都不為過cant/couldnt . adj./adv.enough 無論都不為過/都不過分You cant be

30、careful_enough when driving.你開車時怎樣小心都不為過。You cannot praise him too_much.你再怎樣稱贊他都不過分。(1)“tooadj./adv.to do sth.”意為“太而不能做某事”。(2)“too . to . ”結構之前帶有only時，是強調肯定的表示法，譯作“非常”“十分”“實在”“真是太”等。(3)在“too . to .”結構中，當too后接帶有表示某種心情或描繪性的形容詞或副詞，如ready, eager, satisfied, kind, willing, easy, anxious等，表示一種狀態、態度、傾向或心情，

31、此時的too相當于very，其后的不定式表肯定之意。(4)在“too . to .”結構中，不定式為否定式時，構成雙重否定，其意為“非常(很，太，那么)”“不會不(必定能，所以能)”。(5)too前有never, not等否定詞時，也表肯定含義。做目的狀語，to, only to （僅僅為了）, in order to, so as to, so(such).as to（如此以便）如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。He came to the school to see his son.作結果狀語，表事先沒有預料

32、到的，要放在句子后面。如：He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.He searched the room only to find nothing.做原因狀語。如：We were very excited to hear the news.Im glad to see you.做條件狀語。如：To turn to the left , you could find a post office.作表語不定式可放在be動詞后面，構成表語。如：The question is how to put it into practi

33、ce.My question is when to leave.His dream is to be a doctor.Her work is to look after the babies.注意：1.不定式在句中作表語時，對應的謂語動詞用單數。 2.當助于是不定式時，表語不能用Ving形式，可用不定式。 如：To see is to believe. （眼見為實）獨立結構。如：To tell you the truth, I dont agree with you.To make matters worse, it began to rain.不定式的時態和語態不定式的時態現在時：有時與謂

34、語動詞表示的動作同時發生，有時發生在謂語動詞的動作之后。如：He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. 完成時：表示的動作發生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前。如：Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.進行時：表示動作正在進行，與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生。如：He seems to be eating something.完成進行時：表示動作從過去某個時間開始，一直延續到現在，并有可能持續下去。如：She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.不定式的語態當不定式的邏輯主語是其動作的承受者時，就用被動式。如：He was seen to enter the hall. He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.省to 的動詞不定式情態動詞（除ought 外，ought to）Would rather, had better.感官動詞 see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel 等后作賓補，省略 to.注意：在被動語態中 to