1、Warming uWarming up pSkimmingSkimmingDiggingDiggingCritical thinkingCritical thinkingLanguage in useLanguage in useUnfamiliar wordsUnfamiliar wordsInterpretingInterpretingTalking pointTalking point Quitters are winners, Bulldogs are loserslosersSkimming Browse the passage within 8 minutes to get a r

2、ough idea about it.Answer the questions of Activity 2 and 3 on page 119.TaskTaskSkimming Choose the best definition.1. A quitter is someone who _. (a) doesnt know what they want to do in life (b) gets depressed easily (c) knows when to give up trying (d) keeps on trying even when they have no hope o

3、f success2. A bulldog is someone who _. (a) keeps on trying because they find it difficult to accept failure (b) gives up very easily (c) usually succeeds in the end in what they want to do (d) is psychologically stronger than most peoplecaSkimming Answer the questions. 1 What is a “never-say-die” s

4、pirit? A “never-say-die” spirit is one of determination no matter what the odds are. 2 What did psychologists Miller and Wrosch set out to do? Miller and Wrosch developed a way to find the characteristics of Bulldogs and Quitters. 3 What did their findings show? Quitters are generally healthier than

5、 Bulldogs.Skimming4 In what way do Bulldogs suffer more than Quitters? Bulldogs suffer more from minor illnesses and long periods of stress. 5 What might happen when a Bulldog finally gives up on an ambition? Bulldogs might begin to pursue new goals after they give up on an ambition.6 What is the co

6、nnection between depression and the survival of the species? It may be a way of telling our bodies to slow down, to analyze the situation and be cautious. Meanwhile, we are more realistic about the world. Therefore, it will help preserve our human species.Skimming7 Why is it important for young peop

7、le to set themselves goals? Because it is part of cultivating an individual identity in the world. 8 Why is it important to be prepared to change those goals? Because we may find the goals are unattainable or be attracted to some new goals.9 What is the connection between setting goals and the survi

8、val of the species? Because we are constantly adjusting or abandoning the goals, changing priorities. In this process, we grow up.Quitters are winners, Bulldogs are losers譯文譯文Digging1 “If at first you dont succeed, try, try again,” said the comic actor, W C Fields, “Then quit. Theres no point in bei

9、ng a damn fool about it.”2 Well, yes, up to a point, but we all know that theres a right and a wrong time to quit. According to new research, people who know when to give up on impossible goals, the so-called “quitters”, are physically and mentally healthier than “bulldogs” who persist at any cost.D

10、igging3 Since the Founding Fathers arrived in America, our children have been the target of messages about the value of determination in the face of lifes difficulties. This never-say-die spirit is best represented by the 19th-century saying, “If at first you dont succeed, try, try again.” But are t

11、here times when its simply better to give up?譯文譯文Digging4 There has been considerable research about this question and specifically about the possible link between determination and health. On the one hand, it seems that persistence and self-discipline increase the chance youll succeed in the long t

12、erm, and that personal success is closely linked to well-being. Think of successful people you know personally, and look back over their lives. Have they always been clear about where theyre going in their lives, and now that they have arrived, are they happy and healthy? Some are, perhaps.譯文譯文Diggi

13、ng5 But what if success is very doubtful? For example, like an average athlete becoming an Olympic gold medal winner? Can exhibiting too much determination have a negative effect on your health?譯文譯文Digging6 In a sequence of psychological experiments, scientists Gregory Miller and Carsten Wrosch deve

14、loped a way of distinguishing between two categories of people, Bulldogs and Quitters. The findings showed that Quitters are generally healthier than Bulldogs. Miller and Wrosch looked at relatively minor illnesses such as skin disorders, poor sleep and headaches, and discovered that Quitters differ

15、ed from Bulldogs by suffering less. Furthermore, the Bulldogs suffered much more from long periods of stress, during which they had a higher level of a protein which could indicate several serious diseases, including killers like diabetes and heart disease.譯文譯文Digging7 The scientists also noted that

16、 the Bulldogs distinguished themselves from the Quitters by showing how willing they were to pursue new goals after they gave up on something important. They found that people who readily jumped back into life had a greater sense of purpose and were less likely to think about the past. Setting new g

17、oals appears to protect them from the emotional consequences of failure, especially the Bulldogs who have a hard time admitting defeat.譯文譯文Digging8 So why do Bulldogs finally say, “Enough is enough”? In fact, it appears that their physical recovery comes through mild depression. Some go through a pe

18、riod of passive behaviour, during which they shut down. But on the positive side, theyre forced to stop and assess their lives again. Gradually they become more realistic about the world. In terms of human evolution, scientists think that depression is what told our bodies to slow down, to analyze t

19、he situation and to be cautious. Melancholy can actually help most of us to give up on the Olympic gold medal and preserve the human species.譯文譯文Digging9 Its definitely important to set oneself goals. For young people, its part of cultivating an individual identity in the world. But as we grow older

20、, were liable to adjust these aspirations or abandon them when we find that either we cannot achieve them or other, more important targets attract us. We abandon our plans for a glorious career because we feel it more desirable to attend to the demands of our young family. We choose not to continue

21、our studies because we need to earn a living. Consequently, we find other, more feasible objectives in our lives, which are more appropriate to our circumstances than our previous ones. So while we may grow out of our dreams, at the same time, we grow up.譯文譯文Digging10 Maybe we should rewrite the say

22、ing. How about “If at first you dont succeed, try, try again. But if you dont succeed, you dont always fail. Listen to your body and your mind. Thats where youll find your success as a human being. Thats where the survival of the species lies.” 譯文譯文DiggingMain idea of the text1. Since the Founding F

23、athers arrived in America, our children have been the target of messages about the value of determination in the face of lifes difficulties. (Line 1, Para 3)From the time Europeans first arrived in North America, they have been telling their children they must be strong to face difficulties and over

24、come them. This attitude has been very intense in American culture both because of the type of Protestant Christianity (基督教中的新教) the early settlers believed in, and the obvious difficulties and dangers they faced in settling on a new continent with so little known and so many enemies.Difficult sente

25、nces Difficult sentences 2. Setting new goals appears to protect them from the emotional consequences of failure, especially the Bulldogs who have a hard time admitting defeat. (Line 8, Para 7)The consequences could include feelings of low self-esteem, inadequacy or reluctance to try anything simila

26、r to the failed activity. It helps us to recover if we set new goals and get on with life as we dont have to feel burdened by the previous defeat. This is especially true of the Bulldog type of character as they find giving up especially stressful and depressing. Of course, they also get most out of

27、 having a new aim to pursue as that is in their nature.Difficult sentences 3. Melancholy can actually help most of us to give up on the Olympic gold medal and preserve the human species. (Line 11, Para 8)When we cannot do something, we feel depressed. The depression stops us from trying again, makes

28、 us put aside unrealistic goals like getting an Olympic gold medal, gives us a chance to re-evaluate our situation and try something attainable. This protects us from damaging ourselves trying to do what is beyond us.Difficult sentences 4. For young people, its part of cultivating an individual iden

29、tity in the world. (Line 2, Para 9)People have different goals this is what makes people different. Without different ambitions young people would all be the same.Difficult sentences 5. So while we may grow out of our dreams, at the same time, we grow up. (Line 14, Para 9)We lose our dreams as we ag

30、e, but also become more mature and realistic. quitter 釋義釋義n. C (infml) someone who is likely to stop trying if they have problems or are not successful immediately 輕易放棄的人 例句例句Im not a quitter, but this job is starting to affect my health. 我不是一個遇困難就放棄的人，只是這個工作開始影響我的健康了。翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句The coach had

31、 no respect for quitters.教練瞧不起半途而廢的人。翻譯翻譯釋義釋義n. C 頑強的人；永不言棄的人；C 斗牛犬；叭喇狗例句例句He is the kind of bulldog reporter that you do not find very much these days. 他是你近年來很難遇到的那種窮追不舍的記者。 翻譯翻譯WordsWordsbulldogcomic釋義釋義1a. (only before noun) relating to comedy 喜劇的例句例句He worked as a comic actor. 他是一名喜劇演員。翻譯翻譯Words

32、Words例句例句Many of the scenes in the book are richly comic. 書中很多情景充滿喜劇色彩。 翻譯翻譯釋義釋義2例句例句The novel is comic and tragic. 這部小說既好笑又帶有悲劇色彩。 翻譯翻譯WordsWords a. funny 滑稽的；好笑的例句例句Most of these trips had exciting or comic moments. 大部分旅途都有激動人心或令人開懷的時刻。 翻譯翻譯comicdamn 釋義釋義a. (only before noun) used for emphasizing

33、what you are saying, especially when you are annoyed about something 該死的；討厭的例句例句Its damn cold in here. 這兒真冷。翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句翻譯翻譯I cant get this damn button undone! 我解不開這個該死的扣子！ 釋義釋義1vi. to continue to do or say something in a determined way 堅持；執意 例句例句翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句She persisted in taking her d

34、og with her. 翻譯翻譯她執意要帶她的狗一起去。Does he always persist in his opinion like that? 他老是那樣固執己見嗎？persist釋義釋義2vi. (fml) to continue to exist 繼續存在；持續 例句例句Despite official denials, the rumours persisted. 盡管官方否認，謠言仍在繼續流傳。 翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句The pain persisted for months, even though the injury had healed. 雖然受傷的地

35、方已經愈合，但是疼痛還是持續了數月。 翻譯翻譯persistdetermination 釋義釋義n. U the refusal to let anything prevent you from doing what you have decided to do 堅定；決心例句例句She has shown great determination and skill. 她表現出了堅強的決心和技能。 翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句His determination to marry her is now much stronger than ever. 他比以前更加堅決地想要娶她了。翻譯翻

36、譯considerable 釋義釋義a. large in size, amount, or degree 相當大的；相當多的 例句例句Doing it properly makes considerable demands on our time. 把這事做好需要花費我們相當多的時間。 翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句A considerable amount of time and money was spent on the project. 相當多的時間和金錢都花在這項工程上了。 翻譯翻譯真題真題Writing is a slow process, requiring consid

37、erable thought, time, and effort. (Jun., 1996. CET-4, Vocabulary and Structure)釋義釋義n. C a connection between two or more people, places, facts, or events, especially when one is affected or caused by the other 關聯，聯系例句例句These projects will provide vital links between companies and universities. 這些項目將

38、會為公司和大學搭建重要的紐帶。 翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句The statistics show a clear link between social class and crime. 翻譯翻譯統計數字明確顯示了社會階級與犯罪之間的關系。 link 真題真題Certainly, the biological link between parent and child is fundamental. (Jun., 2003. CET-4, Reading Comprehension)exhibit 釋義釋義1vt. to show a particular feeling, qual

39、ity, ability, or form of behaviour 表露；表現出例句例句He has exhibited symptoms of anxiety and overwhelming worry. 他表現出焦慮和過分擔心的跡象。 翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句Our soldiers exhibited great bravery in the battle. 我們的戰士在戰斗中表現出極大的勇敢。 翻譯翻譯釋義釋義2vt. to put something interesting in a museum or other public place so that peopl

40、e can go and look at it 展出；展覽例句例句翻譯翻譯WordsWordsDavids going to exhibit his roses at the flower show. 戴維準備在花展中展出自己的玫瑰花。 例句例句翻譯翻譯The art gallery will exhibit some of Dalis paintings. 美術館將展覽達利的部分繪畫作品。 exhibit sequence釋義釋義n. C, U a set of related things that happen or are arranged in a particular order

41、一連串；連續例句例句翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句翻譯翻譯We had to follow a complex sequence of movements. 我們必須按順序完成一連串的復雜動作。 A computer can store and repeat sequences of instructions. 一臺計算機能夠儲存和重復一連串的指令。 distinguish 釋義釋義v. to recognize the differences between things 區分；辨別例句例句翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句翻譯翻譯Please tell me how to dist

42、inguish a poisonous snake from a harmless one. 請告訴我如何區別毒蛇和無毒蛇。Can you distinguish right from wrong? 你能分清是非嗎?真題真題Another way to divide the study of geography is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography. (Jun. 1991, CET-4, Vocabulary and structure ) category釋義釋義n. C a group of

43、people or things that have similar qualities 種類；類別 例句例句翻譯翻譯WordsWordsThere will be two winners in each category. 每一類將有兩個優勝者。 例句例句翻譯翻譯The proposal would ban some categories of weapons. 這項提案將禁止某些種類的武器。 釋義釋義n. (pl) information that you discover or opinions that you form after doing research 發現；研究結果 例句例

44、句翻譯翻譯WordsWordsWhen the experiment is complete, include your findings in a report. 試驗完成后，請把結果寫入報告。 真題真題Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we would have done during the day. (Jan. 1999, CET-4, Vocabulary and structure ) 例句例句翻譯翻譯We can apply his findin

45、gs in new developments. 我們可將他的調查結果應用于新的開發中。 findingsdiffer 釋義釋義vi. to be different from something else 不同(于)；有區別 例句例句翻譯翻譯WordsWordsHearts may agree, though heads differ. 諺 意見總有分歧，但其心則仍可能一致。 But these various means of communication differ in important ways from human language. (Jan. 2003, CET-4, Cloz

46、e) 真題真題例句例句翻譯翻譯The weather often differs from one part of a state to another.一個州內各地區的天氣往往有差別。indicate 釋義釋義1vt. to show that something will happen, is true, or exists 表明；顯示例句例句翻譯翻譯WordsWords測試結果將顯示治療是否成功。 Test results will indicate whether the treatment was successful. 例句例句翻譯翻譯煙囪冒煙說明有人在家。The smoke fr

47、om the chimney indicated (that) someone was in the house. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs as directed. (Jan. 1996, CET-4, Vocabulary and Structure) 真題真題釋義釋義2例句例句翻譯翻譯WordsWords市長流露出了辭職之意。The mayor indicated that he was to resign. Both sides are

48、indicating their willingness to restore diplomatic relations. 例句例句翻譯翻譯雙方都暗示愿意恢復外交關系。 vt. to express an intention, opinion, or wish in an indirect way 暗示；暗指indicate readily釋義釋義例句例句翻譯翻譯WordsWords他欣然同意幫助我們渡過難關。He readily agreed to help us out. ad. in a way that shows that you are willing 樂意地 例句例句翻譯翻譯Sh

49、e readily discusses her science project but is reluctant to talk about herself.她非常樂意討論她的科研項目，卻不愿談自己。assess 釋義釋義vt. to carefully consider a situation, person, or problem in order to make a judgment 評估；評價例句例句翻譯翻譯WordsWords我們的經紀人會對你的房產進行估價。 Our agent will assess the value of your property. He assessed

50、the damage caused by the earthquake at $500,000. 例句例句翻譯翻譯他估計地震所造成的損失為50萬美元。 analyze 釋義釋義vt. to study or examine something in detail in order to understand or explain it 分析 例句例句翻譯翻譯WordsWords他們分析了這種金屬，發現是黃金。They analyzed the metal and found it was gold. 例句例句翻譯翻譯我們正在努力分析哪里出了差錯。 Were trying to analyze

51、what went wrong. cultivate 釋義釋義1vt. to develop something such as an attitude, ability, or skill 培養；養成例句例句翻譯翻譯WordsWords她試著以讀書陶冶心性。She is trying to cultivate her mind by reading. 例句例句翻譯翻譯該公司在打造專業形象方面非常成功。 The company have been successful in cultivating a very professional image. 釋義釋義2vt. to make land

52、 suitable for growing crops or plants 開墾；耕作The land here has been intensively cultivated for generations. 這片土地經過了幾代人的密集耕作。 PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻譯翻譯Some of the land would be impossible to cultivate. 有些土地無法耕作。 例句例句翻譯翻譯cultivate 釋義釋義例句例句翻譯翻譯首相訪問期間可能會出現抗議活動。 liable a. ( to do sth) (never before noun) like

53、ly to do something 易于 (或傾向于) 做某事 PhrasesPhrasesProtests are liable to occur throughout the prime ministers visit. 例句例句翻譯翻譯缺乏睡眠你就容易出錯。 Without sleep you are liable to make mistakes. 釋義釋義1vt. to stop something that you are doing or planning to do, especially because it is too difficult to continue 中止，

54、放棄PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻譯翻譯The climbers finally abandoned their attempt on the mountain. 登山者們最終放棄了攀登這座山的嘗試。 例句例句翻譯翻譯The plans for reform were quietly abandoned. 改革的諸多計劃都悄無聲息地終止了。 abandon 釋義釋義2例句例句翻譯翻譯那輛轎車被發現丟棄在附近的一個小鎮上。 The car was found abandoned in a nearby town. vt. to leave someone when you should

55、stay with them and look after them 拋棄；遺棄 PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻譯翻譯The heartless man abandoned his wife and children. 那個無情的男子遺棄了妻子和孩子。 abandon 釋義釋義例句例句翻譯翻譯大家都想獲得良好的教育。 desirable A good education is highly desirable. a. something that is desirable has qualities that make you want it 令人向往的 PhrasesPhrases例

56、句例句翻譯翻譯Experience of marketing is highly desirable. 有市場營銷經驗者尤佳。What personal qualities are desirable in a teacher? (Jun. 2003, CET-4, Short Answer Questions )真題真題釋義釋義例句例句翻譯翻譯發電而不造成污染是完全可行的。Its perfectly feasible to produce electricity without creating pollution. a. possible or likely to succeed 可行的；

57、可能的 PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻譯翻譯Your plan is not economically feasible. 你的計劃從經濟上考慮是行不通的。 feasible釋義釋義例句例句翻譯翻譯先前的房主沒有好好愛護這個地方。 previous The previous owner did not take very good care of the place. a. (only before noun) a previous event, period, or thing happened or existed before the one you are talking ab

58、out 先前的；以前的PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻譯翻譯Mark has two children from a previous marriage. 馬克的上一次婚姻給他留下了兩個孩子。 although our age exceeds all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no corresponding increase in wisdom. (Jan. 1995, CET-4, Reading comprehension)真題真題釋義釋義例句例句翻譯翻譯你不聽勸說，因此征求別人的意見也就沒有什么意義了。there is

59、no point (in) doing sth You dont take advice so there is no point in asking for it. there is no sense in doing something 做某事沒有意義 PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻譯翻譯There is no point in arguing with him further. 繼續和他爭下去是沒有意義的。釋義釋義例句例句翻譯翻譯錢可以帶來幸福感，從一定程度上說是這樣的，但金錢買不到一切。up to a point Money can bring the sense of hap

60、piness, up to a point, but money cant buy anything. to some degree but not completely 在某種 (或一定) 程度上 PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻譯翻譯I enjoy my profession up to a point , but it certainly doesnt rule my life. 在一定程度上，我喜歡我的職業，但它當然不能主宰我的生活。 釋義釋義例句例句翻譯翻譯他力勸他們不要對和平努力絕望。He urged them not to give up on peace efforts.