1、初中英語固定句型、詞組及知識要點(一句型(一 such+名詞性詞組+that / So+形容詞/副詞+that如此以致例如:(1She is such a good teacher that we all love her.她是一個好老師,我們都愛她。(2It was such a hot day that they didnt go out for a walk as usual.這么熱的天氣,他們沒有像往常一樣去散步。注意點:1.such+a+形容詞+名詞+that,可以改寫成:so+形容詞+a+名詞+that,例句(1可以改寫成:She is so good a teacher that

2、 we all love her.2.在such+形容詞+名詞復數或不可數名詞+that結構中,形容詞如果是many/few或much/little 時,用so不用such,即:so+many/few+可數名詞復數+that,so+much/little+不可數名詞+that(1There are so many people in the room that I cant get in.房間里人太多,我進不去。(2The man has so much money that he can buy a car.那人很有錢,他能買一輛小汽車。句型(二 (就近一致There be,eitheror

3、,neithernor,not onlybut also例如:(1There is a pen and two pencils in his pencil-box.他的鉛筆盒里有一支鋼筆和兩支鉛筆。(2Not only you but also I have been to the Great Wall.你和我都沒有去過長城。(3Either you or I am leaving for Shanghai.要么你去上海,要么我去上海。(4Neither you nor he is right.你和他都不對。(5Both Jack and Tim are English.Jack和Tim是英國

4、人。注意點:當這幾個句型連接主語時,謂語動詞的人稱和數要考慮“就近原則”,對比bothand 來記憶, bothand連接主語時視為復數。句型(三 Enough+名詞+to do有足夠的做某事形容詞/副詞+enough+to do 足夠做某事例如:(1There is enough room to hold these people to have a meeting.有足夠的地方容下這些人開會。(2The boy is strong enough to carry the heavy box.這個男孩力氣夠大,能搬動這只箱子。注意點:enough做副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時,放在所修飾詞的后面,

5、句子可以用sothat句型改寫。例句(2可以改寫為:The boy is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.這個男孩力氣很大,能搬動這只箱子。句型(四 too . to .too+形容詞/副詞+to do太以致不能例如:(1I was too excited to say a word.我激動得一個字也說不出來。(2Tom is too short to reach the apple. Tom太矮了,拿不到那個蘋果。注意點:這是一個否定句型,不能在不定式前加 not,可以用sothat結構改寫,例如例句(1可以改寫成: I was so ex

6、cited that I couldnt say a word.句型(五 So that 以便/ 以致例如:(1They studied hard so that they could pass the exam.他們學習很努力,為了能通過考試。(2They started early so that they caught the early bus.他們起得很早,結果趕上了早班車。注意點:在例句(1中,是引導目的狀語;在例句(2中,是引導結果狀語。一般來講,從句中含有情態動詞的,為目的狀語。無情態動詞的,為結果狀語。句型(六 祈使句+then/or/and+陳述句例如:(1Work har

7、d,and/then/and then you will live a happy life.努力工作,你就會過上幸福生活。(2Hurry up, or we will be late for school. 快點,否則我們上學就遲到了。注意點:以上句型都可以用條件狀語從句來改寫。例句(2可以改寫成:If we dont hurry up,well be late for school.句型(七 (1Its time for sth.是干某事的時間了。Its time (for sb to do sth.該干某事了。Its time th at sb did sth.該干某事了。例如:(1 I

8、ts time for the meeting.該開會了。(2Its time for us to go to school.我們該上學了。(3Its high time that you went to bed.你該上床休息了。注意點:在句型(3中,可以在time前加rush、 high等修飾詞,這個句型是虛擬語氣的一種,含有“稍遲一點”的含義。而(2則是“正是干某事的時候”。句型(八 "花費”(1It takes sb. Some time to do sth.干某事花某人一些時間(2sb. spend some time on sth./(in doing sth.某人花時間在

9、某事上/花時間干某事(3sb. spend some money on sth./(in doing sth.某人花錢在某物上/花錢干某事(4sth. cost sb. Some money某事花某人一些錢(5 sb. pay some money for sth.某人為某事(物付錢例如:(1It took me two hours to write the letter.寫這封信花了我兩小時的時間。(2He spends half an hour (in reading English every morning.他每天早上花半小時讀英語。(3He spends one hour on th

10、e housework every day.他每天花一小時做家務。(4The bike cost me 298 yuan.這輛自行車花了我298元。(5I spent 298 yuan on the bike.我買這輛自行車花了298 元。(6I paid 298 yuan for the bike.我花了298元買這輛自行車。注意點:cost主語一般為物;spend、pay主語一般為人。例(1中it 用做形式主語,動詞不定式為真正主語。句型(九 提建議(1Why not do?為什么不干某事?(2Lets do 讓我們干某事吧。(3Shall we do ?我們干某事好嗎?(4Would y

11、ou like something/to do sth.?你想要什么嗎?你想要干嗎?(5Will you please do ?請你干某事好嗎?(6What (How about doing?干某事怎么樣?例如:(1Why not go and ask our teacher?Good idea!Lets go.為什么不去問問老師?好主意!走吧!(2Shall we go out for a walk?No, lets go to the zoo.我們去散步怎么樣?不,我們去動物園吧。(3Will you please fetch some chalks for me?請你給我拿些粉筆,好嗎?

12、(4What about singing an English song? Wonderful!唱首英語歌曲怎么樣?好極了!注意點:這些句型都是表示“建議”的句子,可視為同義句。句型(十(1Lets go out for a walk,shall we?讓我們出去散步,好嗎?(2Read the book carefully,will you?認真讀書,好嗎?注意點:在這兩個句型中,(2所代表的祈使句,一般用will you構成反意疑問句。在(1中Lets 表示包括“我”在內,用shall we,但若是let us,表示不包括“我”在內,則用will you。例如:Let us go out

13、for a walk,will you?你讓我們出去散散步,好嗎?句型(十一 倒裝句So+be/助動詞/情態動詞+主語也Neither/Nor+be/助動詞/情態動詞+主語也不例如:(1He can sing a lot of English songs,so can she.他會唱很多英語歌曲,她也是。(2She speaks English very well,so do I.她英語說得好,我也是。(3Li Lei hasnt read this book,neither has Lin Feng.李蕾沒看過這本書,林風也沒看過。注意點:這兩個句型都表示和前面所陳述的內容相同,用倒裝句。要

14、注意和“so+主語+be/助動詞/情態動詞確實是”相區別,試對比一下例(2:A:She speaks English very well.她英語說得很好。B:so she does.確實是這樣。句型(十二 否定的轉移I dont think his answer is right.我認為他的答案不對。例如:(1I cant believe she is right.我相信她是不對的。(2You dont think they will come tomorrow, do you?你認為他們明天不會來,是嗎?注意點:Think、believe、suppose 等接賓語從句時,表示否定時否定主句。

15、變為反意疑問句時,若主語是第一人稱,簡短問句與賓語從句的主謂語保持一致,若主句主語是其他人稱,與主句主謂語保持一致。例(1變為反意疑問句應為:I cant believe she is right,is she?(在某些情況下,這種否定也可能不轉移,如有興趣,可上網查找“否定不轉移”(二初中英語重要句型(25組1.There be結構a.這是英語中常見的一種結構,表示“某地有某物”其含義為“存在有”。eg.There are twenty girls in our class.have也解釋為“有”但是與there be有區別,它的含義是“所有,屬有”,其主語為某人。eg.I have a n

16、ice watch.b.There be結構中的be動詞要和后面所跟名詞保持一致。C, there be 結構的否定和疑問構成方式:2.There is a rivernear our school.否:There is not a river near our school.問:Is there a river near our school.回答:Yes, there is. No, there isnt.劃How many rivers are there near our school?Whats near our school?d.there be結構的一般將來時,同學們較難掌握,其

17、正確形式為:there is going to bee.反意疑問句的構成:There is no water in the glass, is there?There is going to _ a football match this afternoon.A.haveB.watchC.beD.playThey were sure that they were going to _ a rest.A.beB.haveC.be onD.on2.so,neither引導的倒裝句a.So+be(助動詞,情態動詞+主語。表示某人也是如此。eg.Mike has bought some foreign

18、 stamps.So has Bob.=Bob has bought some,too.b.Neither+be(助動詞,情態動詞+主語,表示某人也不。eg.Mother has never been to Japan.Neither has Father.=Father has never been to Japan, either.c.So+主語+be(助動詞,情態動詞。表示果真如此(贊同,請與a.區別。eg.A:Mike is right in the classroom.B:So he is.=He is really in the class room.3.Its+時間+since動

19、詞過去式。自從.起已有.時間了。Its two weeks since we met last.(自從我們上次見面已有兩個星期了How long is it since we left Beijing?(自從我們離開北京已有多久了4.祈使句+and (那么.eg.Go straight on and youll see a school. =If you go straight on, youll see a school.5.祈使句+or.否則.eg.Work hard, or you will fall behind the other students.=If you dont work

20、 hard, youll fall behind the other.6. The+比較級.,the+比較級.越.越.eg.The more, the better.越多越好。The harder you work on it, the better youll be at it.(你越用功,你就越好。7.How do you like the film? =What do you think of the film? (你認為這部電影怎樣?8.What.do with.?怎樣對付.?怎樣處理.?雖然中文為怎樣,我們絕不可照字面翻譯為how.eg.A:What have you done wi

21、th the library book?B:Ive just returned it to the library.9.I dont know what to do.我不知道該怎么辦?I dont know how to do. ×10.What.be like?.是什么樣的?eg.Whats the weather like?天氣如何?Wh ats your school like?你們學校是什么樣的?11.What.for?為何目的?為什么?eg.What do you want a science lab for?=Why do you want a science lab?1

22、2.one of +最高級+復數最.之一eg.Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers.13.findfeelthink it +形容詞+to doeg.I find it useful to learn English well. (我發覺學好英語是很有用的find +賓語 +名詞 eg.I find him a good boy. (我發現他是個好男孩.find +賓語 +形容詞 eg.I find the door open/closed. (我發現門開/關著I find our bags filled with/full of pres

23、ents. (我發現我們的包裝滿了禮物14.I dont think+肯定句我想.不eg.I dont think Ill take it. (我想我不買它了請注意:中文意思否定在從句中,但是英語的表達否定在主句中。15.prefer A to B=like A better than B更喜歡A不怎么喜歡B.eg. I prefer fish to chicken.= I like fish better than chickenprefer to do rather than dowould rather do than do= would do rather than do16.had

24、better do sth.最好干某事.否定:had better not do sth.特別注意:had better后面跟be動詞詞組,不可漏掉be.eg.Youd better catch a train.Youd better not talk in class.Youd better not be late for the class.17.It is good (nice of+賓格+to do sth.It is easy (important for+賓格+to do sth.eg.It is very good of you to teach me English. (你教我

25、英語真是太好了18.It takes sb. some time to do sth.(干某事化費某人多少時間=sb.spend some time on sth. (in doing sth.=sb.spend錢 on物=物 cost sb.錢 pay的過去式為paid而不是payed.eg.I paid thirty yuan for the coat.=I spent thirty yuan on the coat.=The coat cost me thirty yuan.20.have been to某人曾去過某地,現在人不在那兒sb.have been in+地點某人呆在某地(一段

26、時間have gone to某人已去某地,人不在這兒21.too形容詞(副詞+to"太而不能" "太以致于不"eg.The basket is too heavy for me to carry.這籃子太重我拿不動。This colour TV is too expensive for us to buy.這臺彩電對我們來說太貴了,買不起。so.that如此.以致于.上面的too.to結構的句子,可以換成so.that引導的句子轉換。The basket is so heavy that I cant carry it.This colour TV is

27、 so expensive that we cant afford it.22.Whats the population of .? .人口有多少?不說How much population in.?形容人口數量的大用largeeg.The population of China is ten times as large as that of the USA23.Ive come to return your pan. (我跑來是還你鍋的 Why have you come?而不用What24.not.until (連詞直到-才eg.He says that he wont be free

28、until tomorrow.他說他需到明天方才有空。肯定句+until到eg.Youd better wait until tomorrow. (你最好等到明天25.neither.nor.既不.也不.either.or.或者.或者.Not only-but also不僅-而且eg.Neither Tom nor his brothers know how to spell the word "hundred".Either you or she is right. (謂語動詞就近原則both.and.兩者都.eg.Both Jim and I are in Grade

29、One (主語看作復數練習題:1.-Where is Mary? -Oh, she _ the librory.A.has gone toB.went toC.has been toD.had gone to2.He knew little about the film _ he saw it yesterday evening.A.ifB.sinceC.untilD.because3.I_ change his mind. Dont worry, Hell surely come to get it.A.think he wontB.think he willC.dont think he

30、wontD.dont think he will4.- _do you_ the TV play? - Not bad, I think.A.How;think ofB.What;likeC.How;likeD.What;think5. I _ have a good time _ the party.A.hope you will;atB.like you; onC.hope you to ;inD.want you that; from 完成句子:1. 中國有多少人口,中國的人口大約是世界人口的四分之一。_ the population of China? Its about _ _ of

31、 the worlds population.2.門鈴一直響著,直到門被林濤打開才停。The doorbell _ _until the door was opened by Lin Tao.3.午飯后他休息了一會兒,我也休息了一會兒。He had a short rest after lunch, and _ _ I.4.史密斯夫婦離開他們的家鄉已有十多年時間了。_ more than ten years _ Mr and Mrs Smith left their home town.5.公共汽車里擠得幾乎連站的地方都沒有.The bus was_ crowded that there wa

32、s hardly _ standing room in it.思考題:1、做飯花了她半個小時。It _ _ half an hour _ _ some cooking.=I _ half an hour _ some cooking.2、你真好,經常在數學上幫助我。Its really nice _ you to _ me _ my _.3、Lily跑得不快,贏不了比賽。Lily _ run quickly _ _ _ the race.=Lily _ _ _ _ _ the race.4、在美術課上做一張教師節卡片怎樣?_ _ _ a Teachers Day card _ the art

33、lesson?5、足球是我校最受歡迎的運動項目之一。Football is _ _ _ _ _ games in our school.(三英語五類重點必知句型一、常使用動詞不定式的短語1、Its time to do sth. Its time for sth 該作某事的時候了.2、cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待要作某事3、ask (tell sb. (not to do sth. 要求/告訴某人(不作某事4、allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人作某事5、be supposed to do sth. 應該作某事6、Would like /want (sb.

34、to do sth. 想要作某事7、have sth/nothing to do 有時要做/與無關8、find it +adj. to do sth. 發覺作某事9、prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 寧愿作某事,而不愿作某事10、Its +adj. for sb. to do sth. 作某事對某人來說11、Its better /best to do sth. 最好做某事12、It takes sb. st. to do sth. 某人做某事用了一些時間二、常用動名詞的短語1、enjoy /like /love doing sth. 喜歡做某事2、k

35、eep /keep on /carry on / go on doing sth. 繼續做某事3、feel like doing sth. 想要做某事4、practice doing sth. 練習作某事5、give up doing sth. 放棄作某事6、be good at/ do well in doing sth. 擅長作某事7、pay attention to doing sth. 注意作某事8、what about/ how about doin g sth. .怎么樣(好嗎?9、Thank you for doing sth. 為感謝某人10、mind doing sth. 介

36、意作某事11、be used for doing sth./ be used to do sth. 被用來作某事12、spend (in doing sth. 花時間作某時13、be busy doing/ with sth. 忙于作某事14、finish doing sth. 作完某時15、look forward to doing. 盼望做某事16、prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜歡勝過17、be/get used to doing sth. 習慣作某事18、keep / stop/ prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人作某事三

37、、省略動詞不定式的短語1、一看二聽三使役see/ hear/ feel/ notice/ look at /listen to sb. do sth. 看見/聽見/感覺/注意某人作某事 make /let /have sb. do sth. 使/讓某人做某事2、help sb. (to do sth/ with sth.幫助某人作某事3、had better (not do sth. 最好(不做某事4、Why dont you/ not do sth.為什么不作某事5、Would /Will / Could you please (not do sth. 請你(不作某事好嗎?四、同義詞比較1、

38、 stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事去作另一件事stop doing sth. 停止正在作的事eg. When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking. After he worked for an hour, he stopped to have a rest.2、 forget / remember to do sth. 忘記/記得要去作某事forget / remember doing sth. 忘記記得曾經做過某事eg. Please remember to bring my book to school.I remember doing my homework3、 used to do sth. 過去常常作某事be used to do sth. 被用來作某事be used to doing sth. 習慣于作某事eg. My father used to smoke.Wood is used to make paper.I am used to getting up earl