1、專題十一概要寫作【考情探究】考點所給信息特點2019 浙江 6 月2018 浙江 11 月語篇類型議論文議論文如何有效表揚孩建議申請者參觀即將去概要寫作話題子讀的大學詞數(shù)342349考情分析2018 浙江 6 月 2017 浙江 11 月 2017 浙江 6 月 2016 浙江 10 月輪空輪空輪空輪空分析解讀1.考查方式提供一篇 350 詞以內(nèi)的短文, 要求考生基于該短文寫出一篇60 詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。2. 考查能力要求考生在正確理解文章的基礎上 , 在不改變原文中心思想的前提下, 用簡明、精煉的語句高度濃縮文章的主要內(nèi)容和觀點。概要寫作的文章將主要考慮以下內(nèi)容:(1) 對原文要點的理解和呈

2、現(xiàn)情況;(2) 應用語法結構和詞匯的準確性;(3) 上下文的連貫性;(4) 對各要點表達的獨立性情況。3. 考查趨勢(1) 概要寫作考試的設題形式將保持穩(wěn)定 , 選材主要是說明文和議論文(2) 文章結構比較清楚, 但文章難度會穩(wěn)中有升, 略高于閱讀理解的文章(3) 文章取材大多會來自國外報刊網(wǎng)站。【真題探秘】M佃*k”日語甯類型；設愴文 主拋沿更；人q白能 主嚼曲明客：校園生稻川我明.m月治篇解讀：上章ifi.請首參現(xiàn)即將去讀的大學.真題再現(xiàn)Its a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websi

3、tes can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus（校園）likevisiting and seeing for yourselfthe dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits t

4、o find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away.But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right

5、 one.Theres no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that wont be as muchof a possibility, but if you live nearby, go check it out!If campus visits arent going to h

6、appen before you apply, at the very least you should find sometime between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools youd like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out nowthe things that you dont like about certain campuses, things that you wouldnt know u

7、nless you actually visit.閱讀點撥本文采用了總分結構，每一段 的第一句都是主旨句，能幫助 考生迅速把握文章和段落大1 .文章大意在你申請之前參觀一下大學是個好主意。2 .段落大意第二段：沒有理由不去參觀你 所在地區(qū)的學校。第三段：你應該在申請和得到 錄取通知書之間找到一些時間 來參觀學校。第四段：如果無法親自參觀的 話，可以登錄網(wǎng)站了解相關的 信息。Now, if time and moneyare making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. Its

8、a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors（顧問）,and it wont cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at . While visitingan online college faircant take the place of an actual campusvisit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all yo

9、ur other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities youd like to attend.【高分作文寫作過程詳解】1. 獲取主旨大意, 尋找支持信息(1) 文章主旨句Its a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply.(2) 段落主旨句Paragraph 2: Theres no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area.Paragr

10、aph 3: .youshould find some time between applying and gettingyouracceptance letters to visit the schools.Paragraph 4: .check out the online college fairs at College-WeekLive.(3) 支持句第四段中的 it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision abou

11、t which colleges or universities youd like to attend 可以看作是對段落主旨句的進一步解釋和說明。2. 立足文章結構, 篩選主要信息本文為議論文, 文章采用了總分結構, 全文主旨大意是第一級信息 , 各段落主旨大意是第二級信息 , 它們必須作為主要信息寫入概要。根據(jù)本文實際, 段落支持信息不再寫入概要。3. 分析句子關系 , 提煉關鍵詞本文為議論文,visit colleges 、 visit the schools 、 check out the online collegefairs 等詞語為關鍵詞, 它們是概要寫作的基礎和核心。4. 依據(jù)

12、邏輯關系 , 整合相關信息（1） 可利用同位語將文章主旨句和第二段的主旨句進行整合 :Its a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply, especially the ones in your local area.（2） 可利用定語從句將最后一段的段落主旨句和支持句進行整合 :Check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive that will help you make an informed decision.5. 忠于原文思想, 變換表達方式Its a reall

13、y good idea to visit colleges before you apply, especially the ones in your local area.Tts wise of you to visit colleges before you apply, especially the ones close to you.6. 運用銜接手段, 確保行文連貫It is wise of you to pay a personal visit to colleges, especially the ones close to you.（ 使用副詞 especially 增強了上下

14、文之間的連貫性）參考范文五檔作文It is wiseof you topay a personalvisit to the college you are applyingto,especially theonescloseto you.（ 要點 1）In order to avoid making a wrong choice,youshould at leastvisitthecolleges beforegetting your acceptance letters.（ 要點 2） Ifyou find it difficulttoget enough timeand money, it

15、 will be helpful to go totheonline college fairs at CollegeWeekLive and there you can get the necessary information.（ 要點 3）滿分作文It is a wise choice for you to visit the colleges you are applying to in person, especiallythe ones that are close to you. （ 要點 1）In order to avoid being regretful,you shoul

16、d at least visit the collegesbefore getting your acceptance letters.（ 要點2）If time and money are your problems, it will be of great benefit to go to the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive where you can get the necessary information.（ 要點 3）【五年高考】（2019 浙江 6 月 ）閱讀下面短文, 根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60 詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Parents e

17、verywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, Weve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict. By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think theyre building their childrens confidence, when

18、, in fact, it may be just the opposite.Too much praise can backfireand,when given in a way thatsinsincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents praise has put them.Still,dont go too far in the other direction. Not giving enou

19、gh praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.Kids will feel like theyre not good enough or that you dont care and,as a result,may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the qua

20、ntity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome,you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. We should especially recognize our childrens efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal, “says Donahue,author of Parenting Withou

21、t Fear:Letting Goof Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. Onething to remember is that its the process not the end product that matters.”Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if hes out there every day and playing hard,you should praise his effort regardless of whether

22、 his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also meanrecognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard,cook dinner,or finisha book report.But whatever it is,praiseshould be given on a case-by-casebasis and beproportionate（ 相稱的）to the amount of effort your chi

23、ld has put into it.答案寫作提示1 .本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了如何有效表揚孩子的問題。文章結構清楚，論點明確。2 .文章第一段指出過度的表揚不利于孩子的成長。第二段認為不表揚孩子也不好。第三段指出了表揚的核心：要關注過程而非結果。最后一段指出，我們要表揚孩子的努力，不必太過關注結果。3 . 針對此類文章最好在概要中加入主旨句 , 先對文章的總體內(nèi)容給予介紹。Onepossible version:Howto praise our kids is really a sensitive problem.（ 主旨 ）Experts believe that too much p

24、raiseor praising the kidsin a wrong way may have opposite effectsonchildren.（ 要點1） Onthe other hand, nopraisealso does harm to kids development.（要點 2）To gain thebest result, our praiseshouldfocus on the process rather than theendproduct.（ 要 點3） Therefore,what weshouldpraise is our kids proper effort

25、,regardless of the result.（ 要點 4）【三年模擬】A組20182020年模擬 基礎題組Writing 1（2020 屆山東濟寧魚臺一中期中 ）閱讀下面短文, 根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60 詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Smoking a whole packet of cigarettes in a day once or twice a year would certainly make someone feel ill, but probably would not kill him. Smoking even one cigarette every day for decades

26、, though, might do so. That is the difference between the acute exposure and the chronic（ 慢性的）one, and it is a difference that most peopleunderstand. What they may not understand is that the same thing applies to air pollution.Ona day-to-day basis, the forecasts most European cities offer turn red o

27、nly when pollution levels rise to a point where they will cause immediate discomfort. That makes sense, but it might also make the badly-informedcitizens think that if mostdays in the place where they live are green, the air theyre breathing is basically safe. This maynot be the case. For example, i

28、n London where the nationaldata said airquality was “good” or “very good” four days out of five, a study found that levels of NO2 were always higher than the WHOslimit of a long-term danger.Official data also fail to notice patterns of difference within a day. These can be important,because people m

29、ight be able to change their behavior if they understood them. Our study suggests, for example, that Parisians who head out for work at 9 a.m.and return at 6 p.m. could reduce their average daily intake of NO by 16%by traveling both waysan hour earlier.Going two hours earlier would cut the intake by

30、 28%.The best advice of all to people in these cities,though, is to moveto America. In NewYork, levels of NO2 were 20% below the WHOimit, and that is pretty typical of places in the United States, where diesel（ 柴油）is less commonthan that in Europe. As the words on the Statue of Liberty say, Give mey

31、our tired, your poor, your huddled（蜷 縮的）masses yearning to breathe free.”答案寫作提示本文是一篇說明文。文章認為空氣污染即使很輕微，長期污染也會有害健康。1 .本文共分四段：第一段引出下文要談論的話題，接下來三個段落對空氣污染的話題展開論述并提出解決問題的對策。2 .概要可以從每個自然段提取核心信息，組成四個要點。3 .注意各個要點之間的自然銜接。Onepossible version:Like cigarettes, air pollution can be mild, but it is also harmful to

32、 humanhealth in the long term.（要點 1）The forecasts saying days are green dont mean the air is absolutely safe to breathe. （要點 2）Most European citizens are not informed of the differentpatterns of pollution within a day.（要1點 3）These people are advised to moveto America, where the air is quite clean.（

33、要點 4）Writing 2（2020屆浙江杭州三校一模 ）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。It was once commonto regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had unique characteristics. In recent years, manywriters have begun to speak of the decline of class and classless society in Britain. And in modern day consume

34、r society everyone is considered to be middle class.But pronouncing the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging study of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in a particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of Britishsociety; and 52p

35、ercent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of classes.Oneunchanging aspect of a British persons class position is accent. The words a person spea

36、ks show her or his class. A study of British accents during the 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBCnewsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice. Most people said this accent sounded educated and soft ”. The accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional （

37、地區(qū)的）city accents. These accents were seen as common and ugly . However, a similar study of British accents in the USturned these results upside down and placed someregional accents as the most attractive and BBCEnglish as the least. This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots

38、 and are based on class prejudice.In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins. This is an indication of class becoming unnoticed. However, the 1995 pop song CommonPeople” puts forward the view th

39、at though a middle-class person may want to live like common people “they can never appreciate the reality of a working-class life.答案寫作提示本文是一篇說明文。文章認為目前英國仍然有濃厚的階層傾向。1 .本文共分四段，每段主旨都很清楚。2 .概要可以根據(jù)各個自然段來寫。3 .注意各個要點之間的自然銜接。Onepossible version:Currently Britain seemsto be classless in the consumer society

40、. （要點 1）However, a study shows British still have a strong sense of class which continues to be a crucial part for them.（要點 2） What remains the same is that the accent represents a persons class while peoples attitudes to the accent are related to class prejudice. （要點 3）Nevertheless, nowadays the yo

41、ung upper middle class cover up their origins with other accents.（要點 4）Writing 3（2020屆浙江嘉興一模）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇 60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Did you know that 60.2% of USfamilies own dogs? Thats about 50 million families. Besides being a faithful companion, these friends also provide many health benefits that can be tru

42、ly life-changing for your fitness and wellness.Most dogs need to do their business outside many times per day, so you are up and moving more often than non-pet owners. The average dog owner spends 300 minutes perweek walking, compared to a non-pet owners 168 minutes. Frequent daily exercise lowers y

43、our blood pressure and reduces your chances of sufferingfrom heart disease.Your physical health isnt the only thing that gets better with a companion dog. You can also improve your mental well-being. People suffering from anxiety find it helpful to have a dog on hand thats happy to provide assistanc

44、e. You can find many dogs operating as emotional support animals, and helping people in stressful situations feel better. If your dog is a more active type, you could find yourself taking your friend all over the place. If you take your dog to the forest, you actually lower your tendency to suffer n

45、egative（ 消極的）feelings. A study discovered that the part of the brain that is most active when you deal with negative things calms down when you spend time amongthe trees.The dog ownership routine allows you to build healthy habits and it also gives you the opportunity to makesocial connections. Dog

46、parks are filledwith people you sharea commoninterestwith, and there are plenty of people who love to give dogs a friendlypat（輕拍）during walks. All of these are opportunities to have new great friendships and other emotional connections.答案寫作提示本文是一篇說明文, 主要說明了養(yǎng)狗可以使人身心健康。1. 文章第一段提出觀點。2. 第二段至第四段分別就這個觀點進行

47、闡述。注意把握各段的核心詞。Onepossible version:Many US families have dogs and these companion animals help improve peoples health in many ways. （ 要點 1） Taking the dog for a walk every day contributestophysical health. （ 要點2） Besides, dogs, which can offer people emotional support orget them close to nature, brin

48、g psychological benefits. （ 要點 3） They also provide more chances of positive social interaction with people of the same interest.（ 要點 4）Writing 4（2020 屆浙江嘉興期中 ）閱讀下面短文, 根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60 詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Most people around the world are right-handed.This fact also seems to have heldtrue throughout history. In 1977

49、scientists studied works of art madeat various times in history. Most of the people shown in these works of art are right-handed, so scientists guessed that right-handedness has always been common. But what do Leonardo da Vinci, Marie Curie, and Albert Einstein have in common?They were all left-hand

50、ed along with other famous people including Brad Pitt, Prince William, and Barack Obama. In fact, an estimated 13 percent of the worlds population may be left-handed.Many researchers claim to have found relationships between left-handedness and various physical and mental characteristics, such as bl

51、ond hair, blue eyes, and sleep difficulties. Other studies have found a higher-than-normal level of left-handed people in certain occupations（ 職業(yè) ）, including professional baseball players, architects, as well as prisoners. However, some of these connections are very weak, and others have not been p

52、roven.What makes a person become right-handed rather than left-handed? One simple idea suggests that people normally get right-handedness from their parents. Studies have found that two right-handed parents have only a 9.5-percent chance of having a left-handedchild,while two left-handed parents hav

53、e a 26-percent chance of having aleft-handedchild. Another commontheory is that left-handed people suffer mild braindamageduring birth, which makes them left-handed.Whatever the reasons behind it, peoples attitudes toward left-handedness have changed a lot over the years. Statistics show that althou

54、gh 13 percent of young peopleare left-handed, only six percent of the elderly are left-handed. Left-handed childrenused to be punished until they began using theirright hand like otherchildren,but today people who are left-handed are no longer looked down on nor arethey considered abnormal. For most

55、 people today, either case is perfectly acceptable. There are even a number of shops now selling products for left-handed people, such as left-handed can openers, guitars, and even a left-handed camera.答案寫作提示本文是說明文，介紹了左撇子的比例、對左撇子的研究以及人們對左撇子的態(tài)度變化。1 .本文共分四段：第一段的首句和尾句可整合成第一個要點；第二段的首句和尾句可整合成第二個要點；在第三段中提

56、取左1子出現(xiàn)的原因，作為第三個要點；將第四段的首句改寫為第四個要點。2 .注意各個要點之間的自然銜接。Onepossible version:While most of the worlds population is right-handed, a minority are left-handed.（要,點 1） Manyresearchers claim left-handedness has something to do with physical and mental features and professions, but these assumptions lack solid

57、 evidence.（要點 2） Somethink left-handedness is genetic while others attribute it to mild brain injury during birth. （要1點 3） Nowadays, peoples attitudes toward left-handednesshavechanged a lot with the whole society accepting lefties more than before.（ 要1點 4）Writing 5（2019浙江寧波二模）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇 60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Nowadays, it is most probable that you have an electronic device loaded with hundreds or even thousands of your favourite songs. At any moment, you can fill your headphones with the sounds of a particular song that suits your mood at that exacttime.Music is so common. But have you realized t