1、醫學英語常用前后綴·a-無，缺anemia貧血atonia無張力asymptomatic無癥狀的amenorrhea閉經·ab-分離abduct 外展abscision切除·acou (acu)-聽覺acumeter 聽力計acouophone助聽器·acro-肢端acromegaly肢端肥大癥acromastitis乳頭炎·ad (af, an)-鄰近，向上adrenal 腎上腺adaxial近軸的annexa附件·-ad側ventrad向腹側cephalad向頭側·adeno-腺adenocyte腺細胞adenoidis

2、m腺體病·adipo-脂肪adiposis肥胖癥adiponecrosis脂肪壞死·adreno-腎上腺adrenocorticoid腎上腺皮質激素adrenalin腎上腺素adrenal腎上腺·-aemia(emia)血癥bacteremia菌血癥leukemia白血病·-albi (albino)-白色albumin白蛋白albinism白化病·-algesia痛覺hypoalgesia痛覺減退·-algia痛arthralgia關節痛cephalgia頭痛neuralgia神經痛·alkali-堿alkalosis堿中

3、毒·alveo-牙槽，小溝alveolitis牙槽炎alveobronchiolitis支氣管肺泡炎·ambi-復，雙 ambiopia復視ambivert雙重性格·ambly-弱amblyopia弱視amblyaphia觸覺遲鈍·amylo-淀粉amyloidosis淀粉酶amylase淀粉酶·angio-血管angiography血管造影術angioedema血管性水腫angeitis脈管炎angiofibroma血管纖維瘤·ante-前antenatal出生前的anteflexion前屈·antero-前anterol

4、ateral前側壁anteroventral前腹側·anti-抗，反antibiotics抗生素antihypertensives降壓藥anticoagulant抗凝劑·rarchno-蛛網膜arachnoiditis蛛網膜炎·archo-肛門，直腸archorrhagia肛門出血archosyrinx直腸灌注器·arterio-動脈arteriospasm動脈痙攣arteriosclerosis動脈硬化·arthro-關節arthrocentesis關節穿刺arthrotomy關節切開術arthritis關節炎·-ase酶oxida

5、se氧化酶proteinase蛋白酶·-asthenia無力myasthenia肌無力neurasthenia神經衰弱·audio(audito)-聽力audiology聽覺學audiometer聽力計·auto-自己autoimmune自身免疫auto hemotherapy自體血療法·bacilli-桿菌bacillosis桿菌病bacilluria桿菌尿·bacterio-細菌bacteriology細菌學 bactericide殺菌劑·baro-壓力barometer 壓力計baroreceptor壓力感受器·bar

6、y-遲鈍barylalia言語不清baryacusia聽覺遲鈍·bi-雙bicuspid二尖瓣bilateral兩側的·bili-膽汁bilirubin膽紅素·bio-生命biology生物學 biopsy活檢·-blast母細胞spermatoblast精子細胞melanoblast成黑色素細胞osteoblast成骨細胞·brachy-短brachypnea氣短brachydactylia短指畸形·brady-遲緩bradycardia心動過緩bradypsychia精神不振·broncho-支氣管bronchoscop

7、y支氣管鏡檢查bronchiostenosis支氣管痙攣bronchitis支氣管炎·bronchiolo-細支氣管bronchiolectasis細支氣管擴張·calci-鈣calcification鈣化calcicosilicosis鈣沉著癥·carbo-碳carbohydrate碳水化合物carbohaemia碳酸血癥·carcino-癌carcinogen致癌物·cardio-心，賁門cardiotonics強心劑cardioplasty賁門成形術·-cele疝，腫物omphalocele臍疝hysterocele子宮脫垂op

8、hthalmocele眼球突出·celio-腹celialgia腹痛celioscopy腹腔鏡檢查·-centesis穿刺arthrocentesis關節穿刺術abdominocentesis腹穿·cephalo-頭cephaloxia斜頸cephalopathy頭部疾病cephalotomy穿顱術·cerebello-小腦cerebellitis小腦炎cerebellum小腦·cerebro-大腦cerebritis大腦炎cerebrology腦學·chemo-化學chemotherapy化療·chloro-綠，氯chlo

9、roform氯仿chloromycetin氯霉素chlorophyll葉綠素·cholangio-膽道cholangitis膽管炎cholangiectasis膽管擴張·cholo-膽cholagogue利膽劑cholelithiasis膽石癥cholecystitis膽囊炎cholesterol膽固醇·chondro-軟骨chondrosarcoma軟骨肉瘤chondrification骨軟化·chromo-色素cytochrome細胞色素chromosome染色體·-cide殺劑germicide殺菌劑aborticide墮胎藥·

10、circum-周圍circumoral口周的circumcision包皮環切術·coagulo-凝固coagulant凝血劑·colo-結腸colotomy結腸切開術coloptosis結腸下垂·colpo (coleo)-陰道coleospastia陰道痙攣colposcope陰道鏡·contra-反，逆contraindication禁忌證contraceptive避孕藥·counter-反，逆counteragent拮抗劑conuterpoison解毒劑·cranio-顱craniomalacia顱骨軟化cranioclasis

11、碎顱術·-cyst-囊cystomy膀胱切開術dacryocyst淚囊·-cyte-細胞lymphocyte淋巴細胞cytolysis細胞溶解·de-除去detoxication解毒·dento牙dentistry牙科學dentalgia牙痛·-derm-皮膚epiderm表皮dermatology皮膚病學dermoplasty皮膚成形術·dextro-右dextrocardia右位心dexiotropic右旋的·dis-分離discission分離術disinfection消毒法·duodeno-十二指腸duod

12、enitis十二指腸炎duodenostomy十二指腸造口術·-dynia痛acrodynia肢體痛urethrodynia尿道痛·dys-異常dysfunction功能不良dyshormonism內分泌障礙dysuria排尿困難·-ectasis擴張gastroectasis胃擴張aerenterectasia腸脹氣bronchiectasia支氣管擴張·-ectomy切除術appendectomy闌尾切除術lipectomy脂肪切除術·-edema水腫encephaledema腦水腫myxedema粘液性水腫·-emesia嘔he

13、matemesia嘔血helminthemesia吐蟲·encephalo-腦encephaloma腦瘤encephaledema腦水腫·endo-內endocarditis心內膜炎endoscope內窺鏡·entero-腸enteritis腸炎enterovirus腸病毒·epi-上，外epigastrium上腹部·erythro-紅erythromycin紅霉素erythroderma紅皮病·esophago-食管esophagoscope食管鏡esophagitis食管炎·extra-外extracellular細胞外

14、的extrasystole額外收縮·facio-面facioplegia面癱facioplasty面部成形術·-fast耐acid-fast抗酸的uviofast耐紫外線·febri-熱febricula低熱febrifacient致熱的·feti-胎兒feticulture妊娠期衛生fetometry胎兒測量法·fibro-纖維fibroblast成纖維細胞fibrosis纖維化·fore-前forebrain前腦forehead前額·-form形狀oviform卵形的granuliform顆粒狀的·fungi-

15、真菌，霉菌fungicide殺真菌劑fungistasis制霉菌作用·gastro-胃gastroptosis胃下垂gastroenteritis胃腸炎gastroscopy胃鏡檢查gastratrophy胃萎縮·-gen 原，劑glycogen糖原pathogen病原體androgen雄激素Estrogen雌激素·-genic性cardiogenic心源性的allergenic變應反應·giganto-巨大gigantocyte巨紅細胞gigantism巨大癥·gingivo-牙齦gingivitis牙齦炎gingivostomatitis牙

16、齦口腔炎·glosso-舌glossoplegia舌癱瘓·gluco-糖glucoprotein糖蛋白glucocorticoid糖皮質激素·glyco-糖glycogen糖原glycouria糖尿·-grade級，度centigrade攝氏溫度計retrograde逆行性·-gram克，圖microgram微克electroencephalogram腦電圖·-graph(y)儀（法） electrocardiogram心電圖bronchography支氣管造影術·gyneco-婦女gynecology婦科學gynecopa

17、thy婦科病·hemo(hemato)-血hemoglobin血紅蛋白hematoma血腫·hemi-半hemiplegia偏癱hemicrania偏頭病·hepato-肝hepatitis肝炎hepatocirrhosis肝硬化hepatosplenomegaly肝脾腫大·hidro-汗hyperhidrosis多汗癥anhidrosis無汗癥·histo-組織histology組織學histomorphology組織形態學·holo-全holonarcosis全麻holoenzyme全酶·homo-同homotype同型

18、homologue同系物homoplasty同種移植術·hydro-水hydropericardium心包積水hydrolysis 水解·hypr-高hypercalcemia高鈣血癥hyperthyroidism甲亢·hypno-睡眼hypnotics安眠藥hypnotherapy催眠療法·hypo-低hypotension低血壓hypoglycemia低血糖·hystero-子宮hysterospasm子宮痙攣hysteroptosis子宮下垂·-ia病melancholia憂郁癥pyrexia發熱·-iatrics醫學

19、pediatrics兒科學geriatrics老年病學·-iatry醫學psychiatry精神病學pediatry兒科學·immuno-免疫immunoglobulin免疫球蛋白immunotherapy免疫療法·infra-下infraorbital眶下的infrared紅外線·inter-間intervertebral椎間的intercellular細胞間的·intra-內intravenous靜脈內的intracranial顱內的intramuscular肌肉內的·-ist家pathologist病理學家anatomist解剖

20、學家·-itis炎癥cellulitis蜂窩織炎myocarditis心肌炎·leuco (leuko)-白leucorrhea白帶leukocytosis白細胞增多leukemia白血病·lipo-(脂)lipotrophy脂肪增多lipase脂酶·-lith結石cholelith膽結石cholelithiasis膽石癥·-logy學terminology術語學Cardiology心臟病學·lumbo-腰lumbosacral腰骶部的lumbago腰背痛lumbodynia腰痛·lympho-淋巴lymphedema淋巴水

21、腫lymphocytopenia淋巴細胞減少·-lysis(lytic)松解，分解了aythrolysis關節松解術spasmolytic解痙的·macro-大macrophage巨噬細胞macromolecule大分子·mal-不良malnutrition營養不良malfunction功能不全·-megaly巨大cardiomegaly心擴大cephalomegaly巨頭畸形·meningo-腦膜meningitis腦膜炎meningocephalitis腦膜腦炎·meno-月經dysmenorrhea痛經menopause停經&#

22、183;-meter表，計spirometer肺活量計pyrometer高溫表·-metry測量法iodometry碘定量法·micro-小micropump微泵microliter微升·mono-單-mononucleosis單核細胞增多monomer單體·multi-多multinuclear多核的multipara經產婦·myelo-髓myelocele脊髓膨出myelocyte髓細胞·myo-肌myocarditis心肌炎myofibroma肌纖維瘤·naso-鼻nasoscope鼻鏡nasitis鼻炎·n

23、eo-新neoplasm瘤neomycin新霉素·nephro-腎nephropathy腎病nephrosclerosis腎硬變·neuro-神經neuroma神經瘤neurodermatitis神經性皮炎·non-非non-electrolyte非電解質nonfetal非致命的·nulli-無nullipara未產婦nulligravida未孕婦·nutri-營養nutrition營養nutrology營養學·oculo-眼oculist眼科醫生oculus dexter右眼oculus sinister左眼·oligo-

24、少oligophrenia智力發育不全oliguria少尿·-oma腫瘤adenoma腺瘤osteoma骨瘤·onco-腫瘤oncology腫瘤學oncogene癌基因·ophthalmo-眼ophthalmocele眼球突出ophthalmoplegia眼肌麻痹·-osis病cirrhosis肝硬化mycosis霉菌病·osteo-骨osteomalacia骨軟化osteoarthritis骨關節炎·oto-耳otolith耳石otoplasty耳成形術otopyosis耳化膿·pan-全panimmunity多種免疫pa

25、ntalgia全身痛pantatrophia全身營養不良·-para產婦primipara初產婦nullipara未產婦·-pathy病dermatopathy皮膚病Cardiomyopathy心肌病·pedia-兒童pediatrician兒科醫師pediatrics兒科學·-penia減少leucopenia白細胞減少thrombopenia血小板減少·per-經percutaneous經皮膚的·peri-周圍pericarditis心包炎perianal肛周的·pharmaco-藥pharmacokinetics藥代動

26、力學physicochemistry藥典·physio-物理physiotheraphy理療physicochemistry物理化學·-plasty成形術angioplasty血管成形術homoplasty同種移植gastroplasty胃成形術·-plegia癱paraplegia截癱hemiplegia偏癱·pleuro-胸膜pleuritis胸膜炎pleurocentesis胸腔穿刺術·-pnea呼吸orthopnea端坐呼吸tachypnea呼吸急促·pneumo-氣，肺pneumothorax氣胸pneumococcus肺炎

27、球菌·poly-多polyuria多尿polycholia膽汗過多·post-后postpartum產后postoperation術后·pre-前premenopause絕經前期premature早搏preload前負荷·pseudo-假psudohypertrophy假性肥大psudomembranous假膜的·psycho-精神，心理psychology心理學psychiatry精神病學·-ptosis下垂nephroptosis腎下垂hysteroptosis子宮下垂·-ptysis咯pyoptysis咯膿hemopt

28、ysis咯血·pyo-膿pyorrhea溢膿pyosis化膿·radio-放射radiotherapy放療radiology放射學·recto-直腸rectitis直腸炎rectectomy直腸切除術·retino-視網膜retinitis視網膜炎retinodialysis視網膜分離·rhino-鼻rhinitis鼻炎rhinorrhea鼻漏·-rrhagia出血gastorrhagia胃出血hemorrhage出血pneumorrhagia肺出血·-rrhaphy縫合術neurorrhaphy神經縫合術Vasorrhap

29、hy輸卵管縫合術·-rrhea流出diarrhea腹瀉menorrhea月經·schisto-裂schistosomiasis血吸蟲病schistoglossia舌裂·scirrho-硬scirrhosarca硬皮病scirrhoma硬癌·sclero-硬scleroderma硬皮病sclerometer硬度計·-scope(y)鏡，檢查stethoscope聽診器otoscope耳鏡proctoscopy直腸鏡檢查法·semi-半semicoma半昏迷semiliquid半流汁·spondylo-脊椎spondylopat

30、hy脊椎病spondylitis脊椎炎·-stomy造口術colostomy結腸造口術ilecolostomy回結腸吻合術·sub-下，亞subacute亞急性subabdominal下腹部的·super-在上superficial淺的superoxide超氧化物·supra-上supraventricular室上性的suprarenalism腎上腺機能亢進·tachy-快tachycardia心動過速tachypnea呼吸急促·-therapy治療massotherapy按摩治療pharmacotherapy藥物治療·th

31、ermo-熱thermometer溫度計thermatology熱療學·thrombo-血栓，血小板thrombolysis溶栓thrombocytopenia血小板減少癥thrombosis血·-tomy切開術tracheotomy氣管切開術ovariotomy卵巢切開術·tracheo-氣管tracheoscope氣管鏡tracheorrhagia氣管出血·trans-經，轉移 transurethral經尿道transfusion輸血atrophy萎縮·ultra-超過ultraviolet紫外線ultrasound超聲·ute

32、ro-子宮uteroscope子宮鏡uterotonic宮縮劑·vaso-血管vasomotion血管舒縮Vasodilator血管擴張劑醫學英語的特征1、特殊的單復數(單數復數) ·aaeaortae-aortae主動脈pleura-pleurae胸膜·usicoccus-cocci球菌bacillus-bacilli桿菌·umaserum-sera血清bacterium-bactera細菌·onaphenomenon-phenomena現象criterion-criteria標準·xcescortex-cortices皮質appe

33、ndix-appendices闌尾thorax-thoraces胸廓·xgespharynx-pharynges咽larynx-larynges喉·isescrisis-crises危象analysis-analyses分析·mamatatrauma-traumata創傷hemotoma-hemotomata血腫·menminalumen-lumina腔abdomen-abdomina腹2、字母可互通使用 ·ae-ehaemorrhage-hemorrhage出血aetiology-etiology病因·oe-eoedema-edem

34、a水腫oesophagus-esophagus食管·ou-uoulitis-ulitis牙齦炎ouroscopy-uroscopy尿檢·ph-fsulphate-sulfate硫酸鹽sulphonamide-sulfonamide磺胺·k-cEKG-ECG心電圖leukocyte-leucocyte白細胞Katabolism-catabolism分解代謝·y-isyrup-sirup糖漿3、英美的不同拼寫形式(英-美)·our(英)-or(美)colour-color顏色tumour-tumor腫瘤·re-ercentre-cente

35、r中心metre-meter米·yes-yzeanalyse-analyze分析paralyse-paralyze癱瘓·xion-ctionconnexion-connection連接reflexion-reflection反射·mme-mgramme-gram克·ogue-ogdialogue-dialog對話catalogue-catalog目錄·c-kdisc-disk軟盤sceptic-skeptic懷疑論者4、詞根交替現象·mouth口-oral口的·tooth牙齒-dental牙齒的·tongue舌-l

36、ingual舌的·ear耳-aural耳的·nose鼻-nasal鼻的·eye眼-ophthalmic眼的·skin皮膚-dermal皮膚的·heart 心-cardiac心臟的·liver肝-hepatic肝的·stomach胃-gastric胃的·lung肺-pulmonary肺的·kideny腎-renal腎的·neck頸-cervical頸的·chest胸-thoracic胸的·brain腦-cerebral腦的·nerve神經-neural神經的·

37、;rib肋骨-costal肋骨的·mother母-maternal母親的·heat熱-thermal熱的·bone骨-bony骨的·virus病毒-viral病毒的·saliva唾液-salivary唾液的·respiration呼吸-respiratory呼吸的·joint關節-arthritis關節炎·kidney腎-nephritis腎炎·nerve神經-neuritis神經炎·lioer肝-hepatitis肝炎·brain腦-encephalitis腦炎·stoma

38、che胃-gastritis胃炎·artery動脈-arteritis動脈炎·bronchus支氣管-bronchitis支氣管炎·heart心-cardiology心臟病學·eye眼-ophthalmology眼科學·cell細胞-cytology細胞學·tumor腫瘤-oncology腫瘤學·disease病-pathology病理學·drug藥-pharmocology藥理學·parasite寄生蟲-parasitology寄生蟲學·bacterium細菌-bacteriology細菌學&

39、#183;cell細胸-cyto-細胞·blood血-hemo-血5、常用拉丁短語·ad arbitrium隨意地·ad decubitum臨睡時·ad effectum直至有效·ad interim暫時·ad libitum（ad lib）隨意·ad usum externum外用·ad usum internum內服·ante caenam晚飯前·ante cibum飯前·ante horam decubitus睡前·ante jentaculum早飯前·ant

40、e meridiem(A.M)上午·bis in die(B.i.d)每天二次·curriculum vitae (C.V)簡歷·et al (et alia)等等·exmpli gratia (e.g)例如·id est (i.e)即·in brevi簡言之·in situ原位·in vitro體外·in vivo體內·locus in quo現象·note bene(N.B)注意·per annum每年·per centum (percent)百分之·

41、per diem每日·per mensem每月·per os (p.o)經口·per rectum經直腸·post meridiem （P.M）下午·post mortem死后·post partum產后·post scriptum(P.S)附言·pro dosi一次量·pro et contra (pro et con)贊成和反對·pro re nata (p.r.n)必要時·quaque die (q.d)每天一次·quaque nocte (q.n)每晚一次·

42、quaque quarta hora(q.4h)每4小時1次·quaque secundo die(q.o.d)每二天一次·ter in die (t.i.d)每天三次·ut infra如下所述·ut supra如上所述·vice versa反之亦然·vide infra參見下文·vide supra參見前文消化內科疾病GI diseases·stenosis of esophagus食管狹窄·esophageal atresia食道閉鎖·esophageal and gastric varic

43、es (varicosis) 食管-胃靜脈曲張·hiatus hernia食管裂孔疝·diverticulum of esophagus食管憩室·carcinoma of esophagus食管癌·reflux esophagitis反流性食管炎·esophageal achalasia食道賁門失弛緩癥·esophageal perforation食管穿孔·benign esophageal tumor食管良性腫瘤·esophageal mucosa erosion食管粘膜糜爛·esophageal po

44、lyp食管息肉·foreign body in esophagus食管異物·congenital esophageal anomaly食管先天性畸形·Barrett esophagus Barrett 食管·acute simple (corrosive, phlegmonous, hemorrhagic erosive) gastritis急性單純性（腐蝕性，化膿性，糜爛出血性）胃炎·chronic superficial (atrophic,hypertrophic, erosive) gastritis慢性淺表性（萎縮性，肥厚性，糜爛性）

45、胃炎·bile regurgitation gastritis膽汁反流性胃炎·peptic ulcer消化性潰瘍·gastric ulcer胃潰瘍·prolapse of gastric mucosa胃粘膜脫垂·gastrinoma (zollinger-Ellison syndrome) 胃泌素瘤（卓-艾綜合征）·acute gastric dilation急性胃擴張·gastric retention胃潴留·postgastrectomy syndrome胃切除術后綜合征·gastroduodenos

46、copy胃十二指腸鏡檢查·polyp of stomach (intestinal tract)胃（腸道）息肉·carcinoma (benign tumor, leiomyosarcoma, malignant lymphoma) of stomach胃癌（良性腫瘤，平滑肌肉瘤，惡性淋巴瘤）·foreign body of stomach 胃內異物·dumping syndrome傾倒綜合征·late postprandial hypoglycemia餐后低血糖癥·stomal ulcer吻合口潰瘍·syndrome of

47、 the gastric remnant殘胃綜合征·duodenal ulcer十二指腸潰瘍·duodenitis十二指腸炎·upper (lower) gastrointestinal bleeding上（下）消化道出血·crohn disease克隆病·intestinal tuberculosis腸結核·acute hemorrhage necrotizing enteritis急性出血性壞死性腸炎·intestinal malabsorption syndrome小腸吸收不良綜合征·enteric volv

48、ulus小腸扭轉·small intestinal (duodenal) stasis syndrome小腸（十二指腸）淤滯綜合征·adhesion of small intestine小腸粘連 ·short bowel syndrome短腸綜合征·malignant (benign) tumor of small intestine小腸惡（良）性腫瘤·carcinoid tumor (carcinoid syndrome)類癌（類癌綜合征）·intestinal fibroma (sarcoma, diverticulum, div

49、erticulitis)小腸纖維瘤（肉瘤，憩室，憩室炎）·enteritis小腸炎·ulcerative colitis潰瘍性結腸炎·intestinal obstruction腸梗阻·carcinoma of the colon (rectum)結（直）腸癌·gastrointestinal neurosis胃腸神經宮能癥·irritable bowel syndrome腸易激綜合征·motility diarrhea 腸運動功能異常性腹瀉·functional constipation (gastrointes

50、tinal disorders)功能性便秘（胃腸病）·functional dyspepsia 功能性消化不良·intestinal allergic purpura小腸過敏性紫癜·tuberculous peritonitis結核性腹膜炎·chronic diarrhea慢性腹瀉·inflammatory bowel disease (diarrhea)炎癥性腸病（腹瀉）·spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)自發性細菌性腹膜炎·Helicobacter Pylori(HP)幽門螺旋

51、桿菌·toxic magacolon 中毒性巨結腸·acute (chronic) hepatitis急（慢）性肝炎·drug-induced liver disease藥物性肝病·post hepatitis (schistosomal, alcoholic) cirrhosis肝炎后（血吸蟲性，酒精性）肝硬化·nodular (biliary) cirrhosis結節（膽汁）性肝硬化 ·alcoholic liver disease 酒精性肝病·primary carcinoma of the liver 原發性肝癌&#

52、183;hepatocellular carcinoma肝細胞癌·hepatocellular jaundice肝細胞性黃疸·hepatic fibrosis肝纖維化·hepatic encephalopathy肝性腦病·hepatic cyst 肝囊腫·carvernous hemangioma海綿狀血管瘤·hepatic coma 肝性昏迷·acute (chronic) hepatic failure 急（慢）性肝功能衰竭·portal hypertension門脈高壓·hepatorenal sy

53、ndrome肝腎綜合征·liver parasitosis (abscess, aneurysm, hamartoma)肝寄生蟲病（膿腫，動脈瘤，錯構瘤）·cholecystitis膽囊炎·cholelithiasis膽囊結石·cholecystic carcinoma膽囊癌·cholangiohepatoma膽管細胞癌·cholestatic jaundice膽汁淤積性黃疸·pancreatic cyst(pseudocyst)胰腺（假性）囊腫·pancreatitis胰腺炎·acute necroti

54、sing (interstitial) pancreatitis急性壞死（水腫）型胰腺炎·pancreatic carcinoma胰腺癌·insulinoma (gastrinoma)胰島素（胃泌素）瘤·retroperitoneal tumor(abscess)后腹膜腫瘤（膿腫）·hypersplenism 脾亢·fatty liver脂肪肝常用醫囑術語Medical orders（1）醫囑術語medical orders·Admit/transfer to收入（轉入）·Resident/attending住院（主診）醫師

55、·condition病情critical (Imminence)病危unstable不穩定stable穩定general (fair) 一般·emergent急診·Diagnosis診斷·Diet飲食full (home) diet普食liquid (semi-liquid) diet流汁（半流汁）飲食soft diet軟食low salt and low fat diet低鹽低脂飲食salt-free diet無鹽飲食low purine diet低嘌呤飲食low (non)-residue diet少（無）渣飲食light diet 清淡飲食high

56、 caloric diet高熱量飲食high protein (protein-rich) diet高蛋白飲食diabetic diet糖尿病飲食nephritic diet腎炎飲食nasal feeding鼻飼fasting (NPO, nothing by mouth)禁食NPO for 5 hours禁食5小時meal standard伙食標準·activity活動absolute rest絕對臥床休息stay on the bed (yest in bed)臥床休息Ad lib隨意活動In the ward 病房內活動·vital signs生命體征·Q

57、shift (q.6h)每班（每6小時）一次·immoblization制動·pressed by sand bag 沙袋壓迫·I/O (intake and output)記出入量·N/A (non-apply)不需要·parameter: EKG(Bp,SaO2) monitor 其他：心電圖（血壓，氧飽和度）監護·allergies過敏·NKA (non-known allergies)無已知的過敏反應·patient identification 病人身份·4th floor,room 5 ,be

58、d 2(405-2)4樓5號房2床·Med. Rec#病歷號·medical orders醫囑·on general routine護理常規·on grade I (II, III) nuring careI （I、III）級護理·morning (evening) care晨間（夜間）護理·bedsore care褥瘡護理·mouth (oral) care口腔護理·CPT( chest physical treatment) 胸部物理治療·O2 inhalation (2-4L/min)吸氧（2-4升

59、/分）·alcohol sponge bath酒精擦浴·cold (hot) compress冷（熱）敷·wet (hydropathic) compress by MgSO4用硫酸鎂濕敷·change position × qh每小時更換一次體位·gastric lavage with water用清水洗胃·bladder irrigation 膀胱沖洗·under water seal drainage of thorax胸腔水封瓶引流·GI decompression 胃腸減壓·keep warm保溫·lower temperature by ice-cap冰帽降溫·keep bowels open保持大便通暢·keep the airway open保持氣道通暢·retention catheterization留置導尿·prevent from bedsore預防褥瘡·on bedside isolation床邊隔離·P.P sitz bath高錳酸鉀液坐浴·raising