1、精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上Lesson 10 Not for Jazz 不適于演奏爵士樂 What happened to the clavichord? We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandf

2、ather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.參考譯文我家有件古樂器，被稱作古鋼琴，是1681年德國造的。我們的這架古鋼琴存

3、放在起居室里。我們家有這件樂器已經很久了， 是我祖父在很多年以前買的。可它最近被一個客人弄壞了，因為她用它來彈奏爵士樂。她在擊琴鍵時用力過猛，損壞了兩根琴弦。我父親大為吃驚，不許我們再動它。父親的一個朋友正在修理這件樂器。【New words and expressions】（11）1 dz n.爵士音樂2 mju:zikl a.音樂的3 instrumnt n.樂器4 klvik:d n.古鋼琴5 ri:sntli ad.最近6 dmid v.損壞7 ki: n.琴鍵8 stri n.(樂器的)弦9 k, k v.使不悅或生氣，震驚10 lau v.允許，讓11 tt v.觸摸一、 單詞講解

4、jazz n. 爵士音樂classical music 古典音樂folk music 民族音樂country music 鄉村音樂pop (popular) music 流行音樂jazz 爵士音樂play jazz 演奏爵士樂eg. They tried to play jazz on the piano. 他們試圖在鋼琴上演奏爵士音樂。rock and roll 搖滾樂rap 拉普樂（說唱音樂）musical adj. 音樂的music Ua piece of music 一首音樂concert knst C 音樂會musical adj. 音樂的musician n. 音樂家a music

5、 lesson 一堂音樂課a music teacher 音樂教師a music lover 音樂愛好者a piece of music 一首音樂face the music 面對失敗；面對不愿面對而又不得不面對之事（說法：1.新演員初上舞臺非常緊張，但是音樂響起了，不得不上舞臺，必須去面對音樂，面對自己不敢面對的事情；2.新兵入伍后參加軍事檢閱，軍樂響起來了，不得不按照節拍去走，哪怕再緊張也沒有用。）a musical instrument 一件樂器a musical performance 樂器演奏a musical score sk: 樂譜musical voice 美妙的聲音instr

6、ument1) 器具，儀器torture t:t instruments 刑具operation instruments 手術器械2) 樂器musical instrument 樂器-What kind of musical instrument can you play? 你會演奏哪種樂器呢？-I can play the guitar. 我會彈吉他。-I can play the piano. 我會彈鋼琴。-I can play the violin. 我會拉小提琴。-I can play the saxophone sks,fn. 我會吹薩克斯管。instrument中的-ment是名詞

7、后綴movement 移動government 政府judgment 判斷argument 爭論，證據clavichord n. 古鋼琴recently adv. 最近地 ；lately adv. 最近地常用在現在完成時以及過去時中eg. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. 最近它被一位客人弄壞了。eg. They have recently bought a new car. 他們最近剛剛買了一輛新車。eg. Have you seen him recently. 最近你見過他嗎?recent adj. 最近的，最新的eg. In recent yea

8、rs there have been great changes. 在最近幾年有很大的變化。eg. What is the most recent news? 什么是最新的消息?eg. The photograph seemed quite recent. 這張照片看起來很新是最近照的。more recent; most recentdamage v. 損壞spoil v. 損壞，慣壞，寵壞damage v. 部分損壞destroy v. 毀壞，徹底損壞spoil1) 破壞eg. The rain spoiled our excursioniksk:n. 雨破壞了我們的遠足計劃。2) 腐爛eg

9、. The fish has spoiled in the heated room. 魚在很熱的房間里已經腐爛了。3) 溺愛eg. Spare the rod and spoil the child. 孩子不打不成器；棍棒出孝子。damage n. U C1) 損失 Ua lot of damage 大量損失damage to sth 對的損失damage to the car 對車輛造成的損失damage to crops 對莊稼造成的損失damage to ones reputation 對某人名聲造成的損失2) damages 賠償 Cv. 損壞1) 部分損壞break 打斷cut 剪，

10、砍，割crush kr 壓壞，搗壞tear 撕stain stein 弄臟都包含在damage 范圍之內2) 損害eg. Smoking can damage your health. 吸煙有害于你的健康。to damage relations between two countries 損害兩國之間的關系to damage ones careerkri 損壞某人的職業damage ones good name 損害某人的好名聲destroy v. 毀壞，粉碎（希望，計劃等）eg. The fire destroyed the whole forest. 大火毀滅了整個森林。eg. All m

11、y hopes were destroyed by his letter of refusal rifju:zl.我所有的希望被他的一封拒絕信毀滅了。key n.1) 琴鍵eg. She struck the keys too hard. 她過分用力敲擊琴鍵。or: She hit the keys too hard.2) 鑰匙the key to the door 這個門的鑰匙the answer to the question 這個問題的答案the entrance to the hall 這個大廳的入口the train to London 開往倫敦的火車to表由此及彼的方向性adj.

12、關鍵的，主要的key structures 關鍵句型eg. Who is the key person in this class？誰是這個班里的關鍵人物？Every student. 人人都是。a key question 一個關鍵問題string n. （樂器的）弦1)細繩（比 cord 細，比thread粗）a piece of string 一條繩子a ball of string 一卷繩子2) （附在衣服等之上的）帶子aproneiprn strings 圍裙帶3) 弦樂器the strings弦樂器violin 小提琴mandolin ,mndln, mndln n.曼陀林(一種琵

13、琶類樂器)cello tel 大提琴harp 豎琴viola vl 中提琴guitar it: 吉他contrabass kntrbeis 低音弦樂器都是弦樂器clavichord 古鋼琴piano 鋼琴organ :n 風琴harpsichord h:ps,k:d 大鍵琴都稱為instrumentwoodwind wdwnd木管樂器brass 銅管樂器percussion pkn 打擊樂器4) 一串.，一系列a string of necklace 一串項鏈a string of pearls 一串珍珠a string of visitors 一系列的來訪者a string of wins

14、一系列的勝利tied to ones wifes apron strings （深受）妻子影響及控制harp on ones string 舊調重彈，老事重提have a person on a string （口）任意支配某人shock v.使.不悅或生氣，震驚shocking adj.令人震驚的shocked adj.感到震驚的be surprised 對感到驚訝（中性）be shocked 震驚（貶）be astonished 目瞪口呆，傻了be surprised at/by sth 對.感到吃驚be shocked at/by sth 對感到震怒/震驚be astonished at

15、/by sth 對.感到目瞪口呆surprise n.以surprise為例eg. Marys birthday is coming. Ill give her a surprise.瑪麗的生日就要到了，我要給她一個驚奇。a surprise party 一個意外聚會to ones surprise 令某人吃驚的是allow lau v. 允許，讓（非正式用語）permit pmit v.允許，讓（法律條文規定，正式用語）permit pmit n. 通行證1) allow doing.允許做eg. We dont allow smoking. 我們不允許吸煙。2) allow sb to d

16、o sth 允許某人做某事eg. My mean boss doesnt allow me to use the telephone.我那個吝嗇的老板不允許我使用電話。allow yourself to make mistakes 不要對自己太嚴格，要允許自己犯錯誤。3) 授與人.eg. He allows his son too much money. 他給兒子太多的錢。allowance launs n. 津貼；補助；零用錢(Am.)eg. make an allowance of 5% for cash payment 付現金打9.5折make allowances for 考慮到tou

17、ch v. 觸摸touch-me-not 鳳仙花forget-me-not 勿忘我eg. Dont touch me. 別碰我。eg. Dont touch that dish. Its very hot. 不要碰那只碟子，它很燙。vi.摸起來 （可以跟形容詞）類似的詞有：sound 聽起來taste 嘗起來look 看起來The desk touches smooth. 這桌子摸起來很光滑。The fish smells good. 這魚聞起來很好。The story sounds interesting. 這故事聽起來令人感興趣。touched/moved/excited 感動的（主語多是

18、人）touching/moving/exciting 令人感動的（主語多是物）touch stone 試金石a near touch 千鈞一發in touch 保持聯系out of touch 失去聯系二、關鍵句型Key Structures被動語態l、構成：由系動詞be+過去分詞構成，時態通過be表現出來。一般過去時：例：People make history. 人民創造歷史。History is made by the people. 歷史被人民創造。注意：過去分詞的過去分詞的不規則變化例: They completed the building last year.他們去年建完這幢大樓。

19、When was the building completed?這幢樓什么時候被建成的？例： They won t allow you to take so much luggage with you.他們不會允許你隨身帶這么多行李的。You wont be allowed to take so much luggage with you.你不會被允許隨身帶這么多行李的。現在進行時：例： They are building a new railway.他們正在建造一條新鐵路。A new railway is being built. 一條新的鐵路正在被修建。過去進行時：例：They were

20、widening the roads. 他們正在拓寬馬路。The roads were being widened. 馬路正在被拓寬。現在完成時：例: They have redesigned the aircraft.他們已經重新設計了飛機。The aircraft has been redesigned. 飛機被重新設計了。過去完成時：例: The factory had reduced production costs.工廠已經降低了生產成本。Production costs had been greatly reduced.生產成本已經被降低。2、被動語態與主動語態的區分主動：施動者+

21、謂語+受動者被動：受動者十be+v。過去分詞十（by+施動者）一般而言，被動語態施動者無需說出，因為這種句式強調的是受動者。例: Prisoners of war built this bridge in 1942.戰俘在1942年修建這座橋The bridge was built in 1942 (by prisoners of war).Exercisel) We have an old musical instrument. We call it a clavichord.我們有一個古樂器，我們把它叫做古鋼琴。We have an old musical instrument. It i

22、s called a clavichord.我們有件古樂器，它被叫做古鋼琴2) Someone made the machine in Germany in 1681.人于1681在德國制作了這架機器。The machine was made (by someone) in Germany in 1681.有人于1681在德國制作了這架機器。The machine was made (by someone) in Germany in 1681.3) a student-composed song 由學生所作曲的一首歌4) Everybody respected them at that ti

23、me.那個時候每個人都很尊重他們。They were respected by everybody at that time.那時他們被每個人尊重。三、課文講解TextWe have an old musical instrument.have 有，擁有eg. I have many friends.當有，擁有講時，無被動態和進行時態have 是一個很活潑的詞，有很多的意思have breakfasthave a fever 發燒have a good time 玩得開心have a headache 頭疼have a running nose 流鼻涕have a swollenswln fa

24、ce 臉浮腫have sth done 由別人做某事have something to do with 與有關系have nothing to do with 與沒有關系have anything to do with 與有任何關系have to do sth 不得不做某事It is called a clavichord.變為主動語態為：We call it a clavichord.It was made in Germany in 1681.be made in + 地點 表示產地be made in + 時間 表示制作于某時be made of (a material) 用某種材料制作

25、表示仍能看出原材料eg. The tea pot is made of silver. 這把茶壺是銀制的。eg. be made from (one or a number of materials) 由某種或某些材料制成表示已經看不出原材料eg. Glass is made from sand and lime. 玻璃是由砂子和石灰制成的。eg. This sweater is made from wool. 這件毛衣是羊毛制成的。be made by sb 被.制造eg. This cake was made by my sister. 這只蛋糕是我姐姐制作的。be made for 為.

26、做的eg. This cake was made for you. 這只蛋糕是為你制作的。Our clavichord is kept in the living room.living room 起居室 (room in a private house for general use during the daytime )sitting room (Br.) = living roomOur clavichord is kept in the living room轉變為主動語態:We keep our clavichord in the living room.We keep our c

27、lavichord in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time.belong to 屬于（無被動）類似的詞還有:happen 發生take place 發生have 有The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago.轉變為主動語態：My grandfather bought it many years ago.Recently it was damaged by a visitor.主動態為：Recently a visitor dama

28、ged it.She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. too 太，過多（貶）eg. You think too much. 你想得太多了。eg. You work too hard. 你工作太勤奮了。break-broke-brokenbreak vt.eg. She broke two strings. 她弄斷兩根琴弦。eg. She fell and nearly broke her neck. 她摔倒，差點摔斷脖子。broken adj.

29、斷了的，破了的eg. The glass is broken. 玻璃碎了。Eg. The book is broken. 這書太破了。eg. The strings were broken. 琴弦斷了。My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it.to touch it是主語補足語主動態為：Now my my father does not allow us to touch it.to touch it是賓語補足語It is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.主動態為：a f

30、riend of my fathers is repairing it.a friend of my fathers （雙重所有格）還可替換成：one of my fathers friends我父親的一個朋友eg. Tom lent me one of his books.湯姆借我一本書or: Tom lent me a book of his.湯姆借給我一本書eg. He is one of my friends.他是我的一個朋友or: He is a friend of mine.Special Difficulties-makebe made in 表示制造于某地或某時be made

31、of 表示能看出原材料be made from 表示看不出原材料made by sb 表示是誰制造的made for 為了誰而制造1) Is your watch made of gold?2) These knives were made in Sheffield efi:ld 設菲爾德(英國英格蘭北部城市)?3) This cake was made from sugar, flour, butter and egg.雙重所有格替換練習：eg. a friend of my fathersor: one of my fathers friends我父親的一個朋友。1) He borrowe

32、d one of my records.他借了我的一本磁帶。He borrowed a record of mine.2) She showed me one of Johns pictures.他給我看強尼的一張照片。She showed me a picture of Johns.3) It was one of her ideas.這是他的一個主意。It was an idea of hers.4) One of your letters was found on my desk.你的一封信在我桌子上被找到了。A letter of yours was found on my desk.

33、5) Some of their friends came to see me.他們的一些朋友來看我。Some friends of theirs came to see me.四、練習 Exercisesl) We are not allowed to touch it. We _ touch it.我們不被允許碰它。A mustnt B mustnt to C haven t to D don t have to分析：B千萬不要，后面只能加動詞原形；C不合乎語法；D合乎語法，但意思上不合乎題意：A不要做某事，干萬不要做某平，合乎語法，含義也正確：答案是：A2) The visitor damaged it She _ it.客人弄壞了它，她弄壞了它A hurt B pained C broke D destroyed分析：A傷害，使傷心，一般指精神上的、情感上的或指對身體某一部位的傷害；B是疼痛，使痛苦；D毀壞，摧毀建筑物等；C打碎，損壞。答案是：C3) Recently it was da