1、M1U1Sharks:frombirthtoalifewithhelpersI. Wordboximpression/im'pref.n/n.印象（impressv.給人印象）imagine/z'mdj.in/v.想像（imaginationn.想象力）powerfulZ'pau.f1/adj.有力的（powern.能力，能creature/'kri:.f/量生物（createv.創造）reproduceZ,ri:.pr'dju:sZv.繁殖（producev.生產）speciesZ'spi:.Ji:zZn.（生物）種類hatch/h田tf/v.

2、孵化（hatchedadj,已經孵sac/s田k/n.的)動物.植物囊；袋leatheryZ'led.r.i/adj.皮質的（leathern.皮革）predatorZ'pred.tr/n.掠食者（preyn.捕食的對case/keis/n.)箱子，盒子versionZ'v3：.Jn/n.版本leftoverZ'left.u.vr/n.剩飯，殘留物disk/disk/n.磁盤；圓盤（CD,DVD,fasten.(to)Z'fa:.sn/V.DIS睦緊,系scrap/skr田p/n.碎片,殘余物remove/ri'mu:vZV.搬開(removal

3、company)parasiteZ'p不r.sait/n.寄生蟲mutuallyZ'mju:tfuli/adv.相互地（mutualadj.相互的）beneficialZ.ben.i'fif.1/adj.有益的（benefitv,有益relationship/ri'leiJn.Jip/市）關系(berelatedto與有remora/'remr/n.)鯽魚symbiosisZ.sim.bai'u.sis/n.共生survive/s'vaiv/v.活下來，幸存（survivaln.since/sins/南而）既然，因為illustrateZ

4、'ilstreit/v.舉例說明II. Phraselistdependon依賴carryontheirlives繼續他們的生活（繁衍）layeggs(laid-laid)下蛋，產卵aslongastwoyears長達兩年uptotwelvemonths長達12個月feedon以為食oneanother互相protect.fTom保護免受（傷害）Nomatterhow無論怎樣careforthemselves照顧他們自己takecareof照顧givebirth生孩子closeto靠近forfearofbeingeaten唯恐被吃aswellas=besides和inreturn作為報

5、答bydoing通過做某事inthisway以這種方式callmeMike叫我Mikeworryabout擔心II.Notes1. Onereasonscientistsworryaboutsharksdisappearingisthathumansarekillingsharksfasterthanthesharkscanreproduce.科學家擔心鯊魚消失的一個原因是：人類捕殺鯊魚的速度要快于鯊魚繁殖的速度。2. Mostpupsarecarriedforuptotwelvemonths.大多數的幼鯊（在母鯊體內）被攜帶著長達12個月。arecarried（be+done構成被動語態）被

6、攜帶4.3. Inotherspecies,sharkpupshatchfromeggs（whichare）laidbytheirmother.在其他鯊魚物種里，幼鯊從母鯊魚產下的蛋中孵化。laidbytheirmother過去分詞短語作定語修飾前文的eggs。Whentwodifferentkindsofanimalslivetogetherinthismutuallybeneficialway,scientistscallthisrelationshipsymbiosis,whichsimplymeans'livingtogether.）當兩個不同種類的動物以互惠互利的方式生活在一

7、起，科學家把這種關系稱之為共生，簡單地說就是生活在一起。when引導的時間狀語從句；which引導的非限制性定語從句（用來補充說明symbiosis），which指代前文symbiosisoM1U2Areallsharksdangerous?I. Wordboxfin/fin/n.鰭；鰭狀物；魚翅threatenZ10ret.9n/v.恐嚇，威脅cancerZ'knss/n.癌attack/o't田k/n./v.攻擊mistake/mi'steik/v.誤解（n.錯誤）shallowZ'Jl.su/adj.淺的razor-sharpZirei.z9,Jd:pZa

8、dj.鋒利的reduce/ri'dju:sZv.減少include/in'klu:d/v.包括(includingprep包括)enemy/'en.mi/n.敵人realize/'ri.laiz/v.領悟，認識到illegally/i'li:.gl.i/adv.不法地（illegaladj.非法的）habitat/'h田b.i.t田t/n.棲息地disease/di'zi:z/n.疾病（illnessn.疾病）cure/kjur/v.治愈artificial/,a:.ti'fif.l/adj.人工的cartilage/'k

9、a:.tl.id§/n.軟骨remain/ri'mein/v.余留;保持fascinated/'fes.i.nei.tid/adj.著迷的II. Phraselisthumanbeings人類thelatter/theformer后者/前者beknowntodosth為人熟知做某事beduetosth由于mistakepeopleforseals誤將人當作海豹allowsbtodo允許某人做某事takearide兜風，搭一程havebeenreduced已經被減少haveanimportantroleinoceanlife在海洋生活中扮演重要角色atthetopoft

10、heoceanfoodchain在海洋食物鏈的頂層insomeways在一些方面beindanger處于危險中sharkfinsoup魚翅湯oneofthemostremarkable(immunesystems)最非凡的免疫系統之一fightoffalmostanydisease擊退任何疾病curediseases治愈疾病remainfascinatedwith.對保持著迷getcloseto靠近m.Notes1. Scientiststhinkthatmostattacksareduetothefactthatsharksmaymistakepeopleinthewaterforseals

11、orlargefish,whicharetheirprey.科學家認為大多數（鯊魚對人的）襲擊是因為鯊魚可能將在水中的人誤當成了海豹或大的魚類（他們是鯊魚的獵物）第一個that引導賓語從句，從句作think的賓語;第二個that引導同位語從句，從句作fact的同位語；which引導非限制性定語從句，which指代sealsorlargefish。2. Mostattackshappeninshallowwaterwherepeopleareswimming.大多數的攻擊發生在人們游泳的淺水域.where引導定語從句，where指的就是inshallowwater.3. Thissharkisa

12、fierceandpowerfulhunterthatcanbemorethan6meterslong.這種鯊魚是體長超過6米，既兇猛又強大的獵手。that引導（限制性）定語從句,that指代前文的hunter,從句作定語修飾hunter。4. However,thisshark,snumbershavebeenreducedbypeoplehuntingthem.然而，這種鯊魚的數目已經因為人類的捕殺而減少。havebeenreduced（havebeendone被動語態現在完成時）（數目）已經被減少。5. Somepeoplearekillingsharkswithoutrealizing

13、thatsharksareindanger.一些人正捕殺鯊魚而沒有意識到鯊魚已處于危險。that引導賓語從句，從句作動詞realize的賓語。6. Scientistsfearthatinahundredyears,sharkspecies（thathavebeenonEarthformillionsofyears）willdisappearforever.科學家擔心，一百年以后，在地球上已經存活了數百萬年的鯊魚會永遠消失。第一個that引導賓語從句，從句作動詞fear的賓語；第二個that引導定語從句，that指代sharkspecies,從句作定語修飾sharkspecieso7. Sha

14、rkfinsandtailsaresoldtopeoplewhousethemtomakesharkfinsoup.鯊魚翅和鯊魚尾賣給那些用它們來做魚翅湯的人。*who引導的定語從句，who指代people,從句作定語修飾peopleo8. Thejawsandbigteethofsharksaresoldillegally,too.Inthepast,manysharkswerekilledtoobtaintheirrichoil.鯊魚的顎和大牙齒也被非法販賣。在過去，很多鯊魚被捕殺以獲得豐富的魚油。（aresold;werekilled皆為被動語態）9. Understandinghowt

15、hisworkscouldhelpfindnewwaystocurediseases.理解這是如何運作的能幫助人們找到新的治病方法。動名詞做主語（動詞不能作主語，作主語須轉化成doing或todo）10. Artificialskinthatismadeofsharkcartilagemayhelppeoplewithseriousburns.由鯊魚軟骨做成的人造皮膚可以幫助嚴重燒傷的人。11. Touristscanevengetclosetogreatwhitesharks.Butitisthepeoplewhostayincages.游客甚至可以接近大白鯊，但得是待在籠子里才成。Itis

16、who/that。強調句句型，強調句句型的特點是去掉Itis,who/that句子依然是完整的。M1U3InterestingspeciesofsharksI. Wordboxvarious/'vearias/adj.不同的（varyv.變化）feature/'fig/n.特征（characteristicn.特征）respectively/ri'spek.tiv.li/adv.分別地barbel'ba:bsln.魚的觸須plankton/'plyqk.ton/n.浮游生物schooln.學校；魚群filter/'file/n.過濾器hook/h

17、uk/n.鉤crustacean/krAs'tei.Jn/n.甲殼類動物stingray/'stiq.rei/n.黃貂魚spot/spDt/n.斑點，地點pile/pail/v./n.堆科疊。seaurchin/13：.tjin/n.海膽hang(hung-hung)v.懸掛hide(hid-hidden)v.躲藏stick(stuck-stuck)v.黏住suck/sAk/v.吸，吸入placev.放置（n.地點）II. Phraselistbedifferentfrom與不同aswell也allthetime一直swimalone獨自游swiminschoolsofmore

18、thanonehundredsharks超過一百頭鯊魚成群地游inordertodo=soastodo為了做某事indarkspots在黑暗的地方huntforfood覓食searchforprey搜尋獵物placetheirlargemouthoverthehole把它們的大嘴放在洞上suckthepreyout將獵物吸出來spendtimedoingsth花費時間做某事arecalled被叫做arefound被找到arecoveredwith被覆蓋著isstuck被卡住getcaught被抓住haveneverbeenknowntodo從未聽說做某事havebeenseen已經被見過Notes1. Thewhalesharkisoneofthethreespeciesofsharks(whichare)1owtobefilterfeeders.鯨鯊是三種濾食鯊魚中的一種。kno