1、高級語法講義目錄語法快速突破高級語法講義0.主講：屠浩民0.省略：2.定語從句的回顧.2.定語從句省略2.狀語從句省略3.獨立主格結構5.虛擬語氣6.倒裝:7.全部倒裝7.部分倒裝8.實例練習Q).10實例練習2)11.否定：11.全部否定和部分否定U雙重否定.1.2實例練習.13長難句分析14實例練習.14非謂語動詞1.5.插入語8強調句20.省略:定語從句的回顧FruitthatcontainsvitaminCcanrelieveacold.Themanwhowemetyesterdayisafamouspsychologist.iuThisistherightbookthatyouare

2、lookingfor.二、關系詞充當賓語的時候三、關系詞充當主語1）謂語結構為實詞2）謂語結構為be+名詞四、先行詞為theway定語從句省略Acontrolboxfittedtothecarcontainsamini-cellphone,amicro-processorandmemory,andaGPS（全球定位系統）satellitepositioningreceiver.06。6舊）Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthierchildrenandcaninsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthatherda

3、ughtersaregivenafairchance.06。6舊）Interestinpursuinginternationalcareershassoaredinrecentyears,enhancedbychronic（長久的）personnelshortagesthatarecausingcompaniestosearchbeyondtheirhomebordersfortalent.06。6舊）Itenrolls90,000student,astatisticusedtosupportitsclaimtobethelargestprivateuniversityinthecountry

4、.07.12）Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatannualrateof3.9percent,form800,000in1975to2.5millionin2004.（07.12）18.W:Youhadajobinterviewyesterday,didn?tyou?Howdiditgo?M:Nottoobad,Iguess.Therewereabout20candidatescompetingforthesalesmanager?sjob.Andfinally

5、itwasdowntothreeofus,buttheothertwoseemedbetterqualified.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?A）Heisconfidenthewillgetthejob.B）Hischanceofgettingthejobisslim.C）Itisn?teasytofindaqualifiedsalesmanager.D）Theinterviewdidn?tgoaswellasheexpected.Hamiltonisn?ttheonlyeducatorcrossingtheAtlantic.09.12漢密爾頓并不是第一位跨越大西洋到外國任職的

6、教育家。whentheboardoftheUniversityofColoradosearchedforanewpresident,itwantedaleader（whois）familiarwiththestategovernment,amajorsourceoftheuniversity?sbudget.科羅拉多大學董事會在遴選新校長時，想聘用一個與州政府熟悉的領導人，因為州政府是學校的主要資金來源。09.12Careerexpertssaythatoneoftheways（that）jobseekerscanstaysafewhileusingtheInternettosearchout

7、jobsistoconcealtheiridentities.職業專家說求職者用因特網找工作時保持安全的一個方法是隱瞞其真實身份。狀語從句省略1、主句和從句的主語保持一致，稱為分詞作狀語。2、若前后主語不一致，則稱作獨立主格結構。1、分詞作狀語1）條件：狀語從句，前后主語一致2）形式：分詞作狀語在句首+分詞作狀語在句后3）省略方式：關系詞可保留）+動詞形式變化-ing/-ed）一、用作時間狀語1.典型例句WhenAssoonasthemousesawthecat,itranoff.Seeingthecat,themouseranoff.見到貓，老鼠就跑了。真題示例：Whendifferentc

8、ultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.（2006浙江卷）A.comparedB.beingcomparedC.comparingD.havingcompared二、用作原因狀語1.典型例句Asshewasveryweak,shecouldn?tmove.Becauseshewasmuchdiscouraged,shemovedontoLondon.（1） withsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.（2006四川卷

9、）A.FacedB.FaceC.FacingD.Toface三、用作條件狀語1 .典型例句Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.Ifweareunited,westand;ifwearedivided,wefall.Ifwehadbeengivenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.四、用作讓步狀語2 .典型例句Althoughlivingmilesaway,heattendedthecourse.雖然住在幾英里以夕卜，3他仍去上課。五、用作伴隨狀語3 .典型例句Hesatinthechairreadinganewspaper.他坐在椅子上看報

10、。Hecamein,followedbyhiswife.他走了進來，后面跟著他的妻子。Mycousincametoseemefromthecountry,meafullbasketoffreshfruits.A.broughtB.bringingC.tobringD.hadbroughtWeoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,footballsorbasketballs,thatallchildrenlikethesethings.A.thinkingB.thinkC.tothinkD.thought六、用作方式狀語1 .典型例句Hecameasweexpected

11、.Hecameashewasexpected.Imreturningyourletterasrequested.我按要求給你退信。七、用作結果狀語2 .典型例句Hefiredandkilledoneofthepassers-by.Hefired,killingoneofthepassers-by.他開槍了，打死了一個過路人。Hediedandlefthiswifewithfivechildren.Hedied,leavinghiswifewithfivechildren.他死了，留下他妻子和五個孩子。Heglancedoverather,thatthoughshewastiny,sheseem

12、edverywellputtogether.A.notingB.notedC.tonoteD.havingnotedSpeedingoffinastolencar,thethiefthinkshehasgotagreatcatch.Butheisinforanunwelcomesurprise.06.6舊)bythesuperstarsontelevision,theyoungathletestrainedhardandplayedintensely.A)ImitatedB)ImposedC)InsuredD)Inspired06.6舊)Whenapplyingforajob,oneusual

13、lyhastosubmitaresumeorcurriculumvitae(CV).Alarmedbythisstateof,theJapanAutomobileManufacturersAssociation(JAMA)proceededacomprehensivestudyofthemarketin2006.09.完形)A)messB)boomC)growthD)decayStickingtothelowendofthegovernmentestimates,theNationalResourcesDefenceCouncilsaysthereweremaybenomorethan3.2b

14、illionbarrelsofeconomicallyrecoverableoilinthecoastalplainoftheANWR,adropinthebucketthatwoulddovirutallynothingtoeaseAmericasenergyproblems.在狀語從句中，若前后主從句主語一致，則省略從句的主語，將后面的動詞發生形式上的變化，主動語態變成ing形式，若是被動語態，則變為ed形式。獨立主格結構一、獨立結構的構成：只有當分詞短語的邏輯主語和句子主語不一致時，我們才能用獨立結構。獨立結構只用做狀語，多用于書面語言。常見的獨立結構有以下幾種：（一）名詞/代詞+分詞包

15、括現在分詞和過去分詞）：1 Theboyranquickly,hisfatherfollowing.（表示伴隨情況）2 Helayonhisback,hishandsacrossedunderhishead.（表示伴隨情況）U）名詞/代詞+形容詞：1、Theystartedhome,theirmindsfullofplansforincreasingproduction.（表示伴隨情況）2、Hewassilentforamoment,hislipstight.（表示伴隨情況）已）名詞/代詞+副詞：1、Heputonhissocks,wrongsideout.（表示補充說明）2、Thewarov

16、er,alltheChinesepeople?svolunteerscamebacktoChina.（表示補充說明）四）名詞/代詞+介詞短語）1、Shecamein,ababyinherarms.（表示伴隨情況）2、Hewentoff,guninhand.（表示伴隨情況）二獨立結構在句子中的作用。獨立結構在句子中只能做狀語，這種結構可以用來：。）表示時間：Hishomeworkdone,Jimdecidedtogoandseetheplay.（=Afterhishomeworkwasdone,hedecidedtogoandseetheplay.）U）表示原因：Thelastbushaving

17、gone,wehadtowalkhome.（=Becausethelastbushavinggone,wehadtowalkhome.）U）表示條件：Weatherpermitting,we?llgoforanoutingtomorrow.（=Ifweatherpermitting,we?llgoforanoutingtomorrow.）四）表示伴隨情況或伴隨狀況：Theywalkedthroughtheforest,anoldhunterleadingtheway.近）表示補充說明：Helivedinawoodenhousewithtworooms,onebeingabedroomandth

18、eotherbeinganoffice.（=Helivedinawoodenhousewithtworooms,onewasabedroom,theotherwasanoffice.)三獨立變格的變化在帶有邏輯主語的分詞及其短語前加“with1、Whyaretheytalkingalltheequipmentaway?Thejob(),theyarepackinguptoleave.AittodoneBdidCwasdidDdone2、Otherthingsbeingequal,amanwhoexpresseshimselfeffectivelyissuretosucceedmorerapid

19、lythanthemanwhosecommandoflanguageispoor.虛擬語氣1 .if引導的虛擬語氣2 .倒裝形式WereIyou(=ifIwereyou),Iwouldgetupearlyinthemorning.Hadyouarrivedatthestationtenminutesearlieryesterday(=Ifyouhadarrived)，youcouhavecaughtthetrain.Shoulditrain(=Ifitshouldrain),thecropswouldbesaved.【2】饅頭面條原理【3】固定句型Itistimethat.Wouldrathe

20、rthat.(1) .Iwouldratherhecametomorrowthantoday.(2) .Johnwouldratherthatshehadnotgonetothepartyyesterdayevening.(4).Iwouldrathereverythinghadnthappenedinthepast.“Itis(was)形容詞或過去分詞)+that結構中的虛擬語氣1.Itisnecessarythatwe(should可省略，下同)haveawalknow.1.1 twasnecessarythatwe(should)makeeverythingreadyaheadoftim

21、e.3. Itisrequiredthatnobody(should)smokehere.4. Itisimportantthateverypupil(should)beabletounderstandtheruleofschool.練習1. He?llbebusythisafternoon.Ifhefree,hetothecinemawithyou.A.weretobe;mightgoB.amgoingtobe;willgoC.willbe;mighthavegoneD.is;willgo2. WhenEdisondied,itwasproposedthattheAmericanpeople

22、allpowerintheirhomes,streets,andfactoriesforseveralminutesinhonorofthisgreatman.A.turnoffB.turnedoffC.wouldturnoffD.hadturnedoff3. HadIknownhername,.A.ordoessheknowmine?B.andwheredoesshelive?C.IwouldhaveinvitedhertolunchD.shewouldbebeautiful4. I?dratheryoubytrain,becauseIcantbeartheideaofyourbeingin

23、anairplaneinsuchbadweather.A.wouldgoB.shouldgoC.wentD.hadgone5. Thevictim（本來會有機會活下來）ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.wouldhaveachancetosurvive06.12翻譯）6. Theprofessorrequiredthat（我們交研究報告）。wehandinourresearchreport（s）（06.6翻譯）7. IfSept.11hadneverhappened,theairportworkerswouldnothavebeenarrestedandcoul

24、dhavegoneonquietlylivinginAmerica,probablyindefinitely.（06.6閱讀）8. W:Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereinmyplace?M:IfPaulweremyson,I?djustnotworry.Nowthathisteacherisgivinghimextrahelpandheisworkinghardhimself,he?ssuretodowellinthenextexam.Q:What?stheman?ssuggestiontothewoman?13.A）Teachinghersonbyherself.C）Aski

25、ngtheteacherforextrahelp.B）Havingconfidenceinherson.D）Tellinghersonnottoworry.07.12）1.You?dbettertakeasweaterwithyou（以防天氣變冷）incaseit（should）turncold.08.12）10. Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier,Mary（就不會被大雨淋濕了）.09.6.wouldn?thavebeencaughtbytherain11. Youwouldnothavefailedifyou（按照我的指令去做）.hadfollowedmyinstr

26、uctions/orders（09.12）倒裝:全部倒裝在大學級別的考試中，應用是非常廣泛的，包括在閱讀、完形、寫作以及翻譯當中總共分為兩種形式：全部倒裝和部分倒裝全部倒裝生在主語之前，謂語動詞直接發:主謂賓構成了正常的語序，把謂語動詞提到了動詞的前面,那么就是全部倒裝。另外一種情況就是，仍然是主、謂、賓結構，謂語動詞都有時態、人稱的變化，把謂語動詞上的助動詞提到了主語的前面，這個就叫做部分倒裝。全部倒裝的情況：1. Thebusiscominghere.Herecomesthebus.進行時態在變為倒裝的時候要變為一般現在時。2. Studentswentaway.Awaywentstude

27、nts.3. Theboyrushedout.Outrushedtheboy.here/away/out/在英語當中稱作方位副詞或時間副詞。當首句為方位或時間副詞，謂語動詞為go,come等時通常用全部倒裝。如果是進行時態的話，倒裝后要改為一般現在時。Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto.方位副詞或時間副詞置于句首如果句首出現了地點狀語，句子也可以進行全部倒裝。Theoldmanlivesinthecitycenter.Inthecitycenterlivestheoldman.Atemplestandsonthemountain.Onthemoun

28、tainstandsatemple.當句子當中出現分詞結構的時候，可以把現在分詞或過去分詞和地點狀語聯系在一起放在句首，把be動詞留在中間當作謂語動詞，主語放在后面。Lyingonthefloorwasaboyagedabout18.Onthefloorliesaboyagedabout18.Sittedonthegroundareagroupofyoundpeople.eg.訪問北京的是300名日本青年。/300名日本青年正在訪問北京。300JapaneseyoungpeoplearevisitingBeijing.VisitingBeijingare300Japaneseyoungpeop

29、le.全部倒裝的情況當首句為方位或時間副詞，謂語動詞為go,come等時通常用全部倒裝。如果句首出現了地點狀語，句子也可以進行全部倒裝。當句子當中出現分詞結構的時候，可以把現在分詞或過去分詞和地點狀語聯系在一起放在句首，把be動詞留在中間當作謂語動詞，主語放在后面。主要出現在閱讀當中，在翻譯當中考到全部倒裝的可能性比較小。部分倒裝部分倒裝的形式：主謂賓保持原來的形式，謂語動詞的助動詞放到主語的前面。1、當句首狀語為否定詞或帶有否定意義的詞語時，這個句子就需要部分倒裝這類詞語有hardly,scarcely,rarely,seldom,never,few,little,less,atnotime

30、,bynomeans,innocase,undernocircumstance,innoway,onnoaccount,onnoconsideration,nolonger,notonly等。eg.Heneversmokes.他從來不抽煙。Neverdoeshesmoke.eg.Notonlydidthecustomercomplainaboutthefood,healsorefusedtopayforit.這位顧客不僅僅抱怨食物不好，還拒絕付費。eg.在任何情況下我都不會相信你。UndernocircumstancedoItrustyou.2、當句首為only加狀語的時候，這個句子需要部分倒

31、裝。eg.OnlywithyoucanIfeelhappy.eg.只有當你來了這,我們才可以開始會議。Onlywhenyoucome,canwestartthemeeting.3、sothat結構中的so位于句首時，常引起部分倒裝eg.HerunssofastthatIcantcatchupwithhim.他跑得實在是太快了，以致于我都沒有辦法追上他。SofastdoesherunthatIcantcatchupwithhim.eg.Themoonwassobrightthattheflowersbrightasbyday.皓月當空,花朵就像白天那樣的鮮艷。Sobrightwasthemoon

32、thattheflowersbrightasbyday.4、句子開頭的as處在第二個單詞的位置上，表示雖然的意思。eg.AlthoughIamyoung,Icanlivebymyself.雖然我很小但是我卻能養活自己了。YoungasIam,Icanlivebymyself.eg.Althoughsheisagirl,shecansupporttheholefamily.雖然她是個女孩，但是她卻可以養活整個家庭的人。Girlassheis,shecansupporttheholefamily.eg.AlthoughIlikemusicverymuch,.MuchasIlikemusic,.5、

33、常見的固定搭配結構中需要用倒裝的情況。hardly.when.一就scarcely.when.hardly,scarcely后面一定要用過去完成時，when后面用一般過去時。eg.Hardlyhadheseenmewhenheranaway.他一看至U我就跑開了。eg.Hardlyhadthebabycriedwhenhismotherrushedtocarryhim.嬰兒一哭,他媽媽就跑去抱他。nosooner.than.一就nosooner后面一定要用過去完成時，than的后面用一般過去時。eg.Nosoonerhadtheyreachedhomethanitrainedmoreandmo

34、reheavily.他至U家,雨就越下越大起來。themorethemore.越.越.eg.Theharderyouwork,thehappieryoufeel.你工作越努力,就越覺得快樂。倒裝分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝。全部倒裝：當首句為方位或時間副詞，謂語動詞為go,come等時通常用全部倒裝。如果句首出現了地點狀語，句子也可以進行全部倒裝。當句子當中出現分詞結構的時候，可以把現在分詞或過去分詞和地點狀語聯系在一起放在句首，把be動詞留在中間當作謂語動詞，主語放在后面。部分倒裝：1、當句首狀語為否定詞或帶有否定意義的詞語時，這個句子就需要部分倒裝。2、當句首為only加狀語的時候，這個句子需要

35、部分倒裝。3、sothat結構中的so位于句首時，常引起部分倒裝。4、句子開頭的as處在第二個單詞的位置上，表示雖然的意思。5、常見的固定搭配結構中需要用倒裝的情況。hardly.when.;scarcely.when.;nosooner.than.hardly,scarcely,nosooner后面一定要用過去完成時，when后面用一般過去時；themorethemore.越.越.;實例練習1)1. 直到他完成使命Notuntilhehadfufilled/finishedhismission)didherealizethathewasseriouslyill.(08.06)2. Thewi

36、tnesswastoldthatundernocircumstance(shouldhelietothecourt)他都不應該對法庭撒謊。07.12)3. Onlyinthesmalltown(doeshefeelsecureandrelaxed)他才感覺安全和放松。hefeelssecureandrelaxed.(07.6)4. Notonly(didhechargemetoomuch)他向我收費過高,buthedidntdoagoodrepairjobeither.(06.6)5. OnlyafterIfoundoutthetruth(didIrealize(that)hewasinnoc

37、ent)我才意識到他是無辜的。6. Notuntilthegamehadbegun(didhearriveatthesportsground)他才至U達運動場。閱讀中的倒裝：1. Amongthereportaremoreoutrageous令人無法容忍的)findings-aGemanfertilizerdescribeditselfasearthworm-friendly,abrandoffloursaiditwasnon-polluting,andaBritishtoiletpaperclaimedtobeenvironmentallyfriendlier.05.06閱讀)該報道當中，有

38、很多讓人無法忍受的發現，如：一種德國肥料被描繪成對蚯蚓無害”；種新的品牌的面粉寫道沒有任何污染”；還有一家英國公司的衛生紙被宣稱為環保者”。2. Thenonedayafewyearsago,outofmymouthcameasentencethatwouldeventuallybecomemereplytoanyandallprovocations:Idonttalkaboutthatanymore.07.06閱讀)幾年前的一天，我說了一句話并最終成為我對任何和全部挑釁的回答：關于那個問題我再也不討論了。3. Deeplyinvolvedwiththisnewtechnologyisabre

39、edofmodernbusinesspeoplewhohaveagrowingrespectfortheeconomicvalueofdoingbusinessabroad.03.01閱讀)與新技術息息相關的是一些現代商人，他們日益看重國外生意的經濟價值。10實例練習2）1. ReachingnewpeaksofpopularityinNorthAmericaisIcebergWater,whichisharvestedfromicebergsoffthecoastofNewfoundland,Canada.06.12閱讀）萃取自加拿大紐芬蘭沿岸冰山的冰水”在北美的受歡迎程度一再創出新高。閱讀

40、當中遇到的句型：一般情況下開始出現了地點狀語或者是分詞引導的一個狀語結構，中間出現了謂語動詞，后面出現一個主語，主語后面接上一些限定包括從句、補充說明等），這種形式就是出現的全部倒裝的形式。2. NotonlyhasthehighwaysystermaffectedtheAmericaneconomybyprovidingshippingrouts,ithasledtothegrowthofspin-offindustrieslikeservicestations,motels,restaurants,andshoppingcenters/malls.0606閱讀）公路系統不但為美國經濟的發展

41、提供了運輸路線，還帶動了一批諸如加油站、汽車旅館、酒店、購物中心等相關行業的發展。3. Onlywhenitsgonedoyouwishyouvedonemoretoprotectit.0806閱讀）當你失去的時候，你才會希望自己原來能夠多做點事情以保護好它。only后面必須接狀語的時候，句子才可以部分倒裝。eg.Onlyyoucandothisjob.4. Notonlydoweevaluatethecauseofthepain,whichcanhelpustreatthepainbetter,butwealsohelpprovidecomprehensivetherapyfordeprss

42、ionandotherpsychologicalandsocialissuesrelatedtochronicpain.0706閱讀）我們不僅要找出疼痛的病因，幫助我們更好地治療；還要提供綜合療法，治療與慢性疼痛相關的抑郁癥和其他心理與社交問題。5. HadInotattendedthisworkshop,Iwouldhaveautomaticallyassumedthemanwasthebestcandidatebecausethepositionrequiredquiteabitofextensivetravel.0906閱讀）如果我不是參加了這次講習班，我肯定會不由自主地認為那位男士候選

43、人更合適，因為我們這個空缺的崗位需要頻繁出差。6. Itissaidthatneverbeforehasmanbeensohighlysuccessfulinhisattemptstomodifytheweatheronaverysmallscale.據說人們從來沒有過這么大的成功嘗試用這么小的規模去描述氣候。一般情況下，全部倒裝會在閱讀中出現，只需要看出結構就可以了；部分倒裝在翻譯題中也會進行考查，在備考過程中還是要特別的關注。否定：全部否定和部分否定eg.Allthebirdscannotfly.Notallthebirdscanfly.不是所有的鳥都會飛。1 .部分否定eg.Allthe

44、birdscannotfly.并非所有的鳥都會飛。11Noneofthebirdscanfly.所有的鳥都不會飛。代詞或副詞如all,both,every,everybody,everyday,everyone,everything,everywhere等與not搭配使用時，表示部分否定，意思為并非都是等。eg.Allisnotgoldthatglitters.發光的并非都是金子。=Notallisgoldthatglitters.2 .全部否定英語中常用not,none,nobody,nothing,nowhere,neither,never等表示全部否定的概Oeg.Nothinginthe

45、worldisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.世上無難事,只怕有心人。eg.W:Daddy,Ivedecidedtogiveupscienceandgotobusinessschool.M:Well,itisyourchoiceaslongaspayyourownway,butIshouldwarnyouthatnoteveryonewithabusinessdegreewillmakeasuccessfulmanager.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?A. Themandoesnthavemoneyforhisdau

46、ghtersgraduatestudies.B. Themandoesntthinkhisdaughterwillgetabusinessdegree.C. Themaninsiststhathisdaughtershouldpursueherstudiesinscience.D. Themanadviseshisdaughtertothinkcarefullybeforemakingherdecision.雙重否定1 .在閱讀當中出現的頻率更高一些。在一個句子中出現兩個否定詞：not,never,hardly,scarcely,rarely,seldom,few,little,none等，雙

47、重否定表示肯定的概念。eg.Noonecancommandotherswhocannotcommandhimself.Aperpsoncancommandotherswhocommandhimself.正人先正己。eg.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.如果沒有能力進行批判性思維，維護自己的觀點，并理解他人的觀點，他們就不能充分的參與我們的民主政治中來。2 .形式否定，意義肯定eg.

48、Amancanneverhavetoomanyties.個男人可以擁有很多的領帶。Awomancanneverhavetoomanydresses.個女人擁有再多的衣服也不為過。eg.Wecanhardlypraisehisachievementtoomuch.對他的成就我們無論怎樣贊揚也不過分。eg.Amothercanneverbepatientenoughwithherchild.一個母親對她的孩子再怎么耐心也不為過。Ateachercanneverbestrictenoughwithhisstudents.個老師對他的學生再怎么嚴格也不為過。這種形式主要運用于閱讀當中。3 .形式肯定，

49、意義否定moreAthanB意思為是A不是B;與其說是B,不如說是Aeg.Thebookseemstobemoreadictionarythanagrammar.這本書看起來與其說是一本語法書，不如說是一本詞典。Heismoreacomposerthanasinger.與其說他是一個歌唱家不如說他是一個創作者。anythingbut意思為憶點都不是，根本不是，絕對不是eg.Iamanythingbutateacher.我定不是個老JM。eg.Iwilldoanythingbutthat.我決不干那件事。nomore.than與notmore.thannomore.than意為兩者都不.”eg.

50、Thisbookisnomoreinterestingthanthayone.這本書和那本書樣特另1J沒趣。notmore.than意為兩者都肯定，前者不如后者”eg.Thisbookisnotmoreinterestingthanthatone.這本書不如那本書有趣。eg.Thisboyisnotmorehonestthanthatone.這兩男孩都很誠實，前面的男孩不如后面的男孩誠實。Thisboyisnomorehonestthanthatone.這兩個男孩者B不誠實。nomorethan與notmorethannomorethan強調少”，譯作只有、不過、僅僅eg.Hesaidnomo

51、rethanwehadexpected.他只是說了我們所預料的而已。eg.Thoughtheythinkittakesnomorethanthreedaystofulfillthemission,Ibelieveittakesnotlessthansixdays.雖然他們認為完成這任務只需三天，但我卻認為至少需要六天。notmorethan是客觀敘述，意為不超過”。eg.Hehasnotmorethanfivedollarsonhim.他身上帶的錢不超過五美元。eg.Heisnotmorethan10yearsold.他最多不超過10歲。實例練習1.M:Wow,thatsabigassignm

52、entwevegotforthepsychologyclass.W:Well,itsnotasbadasitlooks.ItisntdueuntilThursdaymorning.Q:Whatdoesthewomenmean?。A. Theassignmentlookseasybutactuallyitsquitedifficult.B. Theassighmentistoodifficultforthemtocompleteontime.C. TheycannotfinishtheassighmentuntilThursday.D.Theyhaveplentyoftimetoworkonth

53、eassighment.2.M:IranintoourfriendMarkyesterdayonthestreetandhesaidhehadntheardfromyoufortwomonths.W:Yes,Iknow.ButIvebeentoobusytophonehim.Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?A. ThemansawMarkonthestreettwomonthsago.B. ThewomanhadforgottenMarksphonenumber.C. ThewomanmadeaphonecalltoMarkyesterday.D.

54、Markandthewomanhadnotbeenintouchforsometime.閱讀當中：eg.Researchersdocumentedclaimsofenvironmentalfriendlinessmadebyabout2,000productsandfoundmanytoowagueortoomisleadingtomeetISOstandards.0506閱讀）調查者將約2,000種產品上所標有的環保聲明記錄了下來，發現許多聲明要么過于模糊，要么誤導性太強，都不符合ISO標準。eg.Humansshouldnottrytoavoidstressanymorethantheyw

55、ouldshunfood,loveorexercise.saidDr.HansSelye,thefirstphysiciantodocumenttheeffectsofstressonthebody.0512閱讀）人們不應該躲避壓力就像他們不應該躲避食物、愛情或鍛煉身體一樣，nomore.than.=not.anymorethan.eg.Butthosecapturedwereanythingbutterrorists,mostofthemillegalimmigrantsfromCentralorSouthAmerica.0606閱讀）這些被捕獲的人絕對不是恐怖分子，他們之中大多數人只是中南

56、美洲的非法移民。eg.Stickingtothelowendofgovernmentestimates,theNationalResourcesDefenseCouncilsaystheremaybenomorethan3.2billionbarrelsofeconomicallyrecoverableoilinthecoastalplainofANWR,adropinthebucketthatwoulddovirtuallynothingtoeaseAmericasenergyproblems.0506閱讀）國家資源防御委員會堅信政府勘探預測中數據的下限，認為在ANWR的沿岸平原地帶可以經濟性開采的石油只有32億桶。這個數量對于緩解美國的能源問題實際上起不到什么作用，簡直是滄海一粟。總結：1 .部分否定2 .全部否定3 .雙重否定：。在一個句子中出現兩個否定詞；d形式否定，意義肯定4 .形式肯定，意義否定5 .nomore.than與notmore.than;nomorethan與notmorethan長難句分析實例練習長句：eg.YaleprofessorandHarvardHughesMedic