1、 形式：它有三種形式：不定式：它有三種形式：不定式(to (to do)do)，分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞，分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞doingdoing、過、過去分詞去分詞donedone），動(dòng)名詞），動(dòng)名詞 (doing)(doing) 定義定義：在句子中不是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞叫：在句子中不是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞叫做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.在句中可起名詞在句中可起名詞, ,形容詞形容詞, ,副詞的作用副詞的作用, ,在句中充當(dāng)在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ), ,賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ), ,表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ), ,補(bǔ)語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ), ,定語(yǔ)或狀定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ). .即動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式除了不能即動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式除了不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)外獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)外, ,可以承擔(dān)句子的任可以承擔(dān)句子的任何成分

2、何成分非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（非限定動(dòng)詞）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞特征：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞特征：1 1）無人稱和數(shù)的變化。）無人稱和數(shù)的變化。2 2）不失去原意，可以加上自己的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)）不失去原意，可以加上自己的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。成非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。3 3）否定式不用借助于助動(dòng)詞在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加）否定式不用借助于助動(dòng)詞在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加notnot 另外還有一些非動(dòng)詞的特征，相當(dāng)于名詞、形容另外還有一些非動(dòng)詞的特征，相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞等，在句子里可以作這些詞類所能用作的句子成分詞等，在句子里可以作這些詞類所能用作的句子成分非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。不受主語(yǔ)的人稱非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。不受主語(yǔ)

3、的人稱和數(shù)的限制。和數(shù)的限制。動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式 一般式：一般式：to do(表一般性的動(dòng)作）表一般性的動(dòng)作） 被動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式 to be done 進(jìn)行式：進(jìn)行式：to be doing（表動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行）（表動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行） 被動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式 to be being done 完成式：完成式：to have done（表動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)（表動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生）詞之前發(fā)生） 被動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式 to have been done 1 1 作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ) To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用動(dòng)詞不定式短

4、語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用itit作形式主語(yǔ)作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后，例如上面一句，真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后，例如上面一句可用如下形式：可用如下形式： It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 常用句式常用句式: :1、It takes sb.+some time+to do 2、It+be+形容詞形容詞+for/of sb +to do 2.2.作表語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)但是：a. What I can do everyday is (to)study hard.His wish is to be a doctor.My job is to t

5、each English. b.be to seek,be to let,be to blame3.作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)1)動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)A.V1+to+V2a.He wishes to go abroad b.We have decided to give them a hand.c.I want to watch TV.常與不定式做賓語(yǔ)連用的動(dòng)詞有：常與不定式做賓語(yǔ)連用的動(dòng)詞有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 例1 NMET 2000 第1

6、9題Ive work with children before, so I know what _ in my job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expectsB解析該題考查疑問詞該題考查疑問詞+ +不定式在句中做賓不定式在句中做賓語(yǔ)的用法。英語(yǔ)中有一些動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)的用法。英語(yǔ)中有一些動(dòng)詞 后可后可以跟一個(gè)疑問詞的不定式做賓語(yǔ)，以跟一個(gè)疑問詞的不定式做賓語(yǔ)，如：如：tell, discuss, know, show, learn, decide, wonder, explainB.v+wh-+to do 2)介詞賓語(yǔ)介詞賓語(yǔ)（bu

7、t) a. I have nothing to do but watch TV. b. He did nothing but play cards. c. He has no choice but to stay behind. cannot but do cannot help but do cannot choose but do 3)v+it+o.c+to do 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的時(shí)候必須用的時(shí)候必須用itit做賓語(yǔ)，將真正的賓語(yǔ)做賓語(yǔ)，將真正的賓語(yǔ)放在后面。放在后面。 a. He thinks it important to work

8、 hard b. I consider it necessary to clean our classroom every day. 4.作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ) a.Manager,do you have anything to be typed ? b.As a typist ,do you have anything to type now ? c.I am free now .Do you have anything to type ? d.Please give me an apple to eat . e.They will make some candles to give light. f

9、.Have you anything to send？（自己寄）？（自己寄） g.Have you anything to be sent?( 別人寄）別人寄） 其它的情況：其它的情況： 1 1）如果是序數(shù)詞或者中心詞被序數(shù)詞修）如果是序數(shù)詞或者中心詞被序數(shù)詞修飾，用不定式作定語(yǔ)飾，用不定式作定語(yǔ) a.I was the first woman to travel alone at the North pole. b.Shang hai is the first city in the world to have built a highspeed maglev train. c.He is

10、always the first to come and the last to leave. d.Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboats. e.The last one to come pays the bill. .2)a.They have a nice roomto live in . They have a nice room in which to live. b. Please give me a knife to cut with.Please give me a knife with which

11、to cut. c.I have no pen to write with.I have no pen with which to write. d.She is the girl to go to school with.Sheis the girl with whom to go to school.大家看看這些句子有什么特點(diǎn)？大家看看這些句子有什么特點(diǎn)？ 由此可以看由此可以看出：作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞或者不出：作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞或者不定式修飾的名詞定式修飾的名詞/代詞是不定式的地點(diǎn)、工具代詞是不定式的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面必須用一個(gè)介詞等，不定式后面必須用一個(gè)介詞。

12、3)名詞是抽象名詞，用不定式作定語(yǔ)名詞是抽象名詞，用不定式作定語(yǔ)，常見的有：，常見的有：ability,chance,idea,excuse， reply,belief,reason,attempt等。等。a.He has the ability to read and write.b.I have no chance to go to college.請(qǐng)大家自己想些例句。Who? 請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：a.The old man has a girl look after him.b.The old man has a girl to look after him.c.The old man h

13、as a girl to look after.d.The old man has a girl to be looked after.e.The old man has a girl looked after.（這位老人叫一個(gè)女孩照顧他）（這位老人叫一個(gè)女孩照顧他）（這位老人有一個(gè)照顧他的女孩）（這位老人有一個(gè)照顧他的女孩）（這位老人有一個(gè)女孩要照顧）（這位老人有一個(gè)女孩要照顧）（這位老人有一個(gè)要照顧的女孩）（這位老人有一個(gè)要照顧的女孩）這位老人叫別人照顧這個(gè)女孩）這位老人叫別人照顧這個(gè)女孩） 5.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的后面帶有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)意思仍然不完整一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的后面帶有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)意思仍然不完整

14、時(shí)如果用動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明就要用動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)如果用動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明就要用動(dòng)詞不定式（作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）。如：（作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）。如： tell sb. to do sth. ask sb. to do sth. order sb. to do sth. 但是：但是：“吾看三室兩廳一感覺吾看三室兩廳一感覺” 5 5看看-(see,watch,observe,notice,look at) 3 3使使-(let,make,have) 2 2聽聽-(hear,listen to) 1 1感覺感覺-(feel) 這些動(dòng)詞真奇怪，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) to省去，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)又回來。注意注意 hope (希望）希望） deman

15、d(要求要求） 后面后面 不能跟不能跟 動(dòng)詞不定動(dòng)詞不定 式的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)式的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。 只能說成：只能說成： wish sb. to do sth. require sb.to do sth. 表目的：表目的：He worked day and night to get the money.She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.注意：不定式放句首時(shí)，邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子注意：不定式放句首時(shí)，邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)要一致（常翻譯成主語(yǔ)要一致（常翻譯成“為了為了”）wrong：To save money, every means has been tried.rig

16、ht：To save money, he has tried every means. 6.6.作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)表結(jié)果：表結(jié)果： He arrived late to find the train gone. 常用常用onlyonly放在不定式前表示強(qiáng)調(diào)：放在不定式前表示強(qiáng)調(diào)： eg.a.I visited him only to find him out. b. A few years later he came home only to find his home town changed. c.I hurried to the post office, only to find it was

17、 closed. 表原因：表原因： They were very sad to hear the news. 表程度表程度a.Its too dark for us to see anything. b.The question is simple for him to answer.特別補(bǔ)充：特別補(bǔ)充： 1.in order that./so that. ( (主句的主語(yǔ)和從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)主句的主語(yǔ)和從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí).).) 2.so.that./such.that. ( (主句的主語(yǔ)和從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)主句的主語(yǔ)和從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí).).) 3.too.to.(太太.而不能而不能.).) 4.be.e

18、nough to do 請(qǐng)用上面的結(jié)構(gòu)分別造句。請(qǐng)用上面的結(jié)構(gòu)分別造句。5.5.用在表語(yǔ)后面，這時(shí)如果用不定式的完用在表語(yǔ)后面，這時(shí)如果用不定式的完成式，所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生成式，所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生a.I am glad to meet you . I am glad to have met you .b.I am sorry to keep you waiting.I am sorry to have kept you waiting.c.She was happy to come yesterday.She was happy to have come yesterd

19、ay. 4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 10116.too.to.(6.too.to.(太太.而不能而不能 .).)。但是。但是，如果，如果too too 后面跟形容詞：后面跟形容詞：ready,easy,pleased,glad,willing,ready,easy,pleased,glad,willing,eagereager等時(shí)，含義卻相當(dāng)于等時(shí)，含義卻相當(dāng)于very(very(十分，非常），十分，非常），此時(shí)此時(shí)tootoo前面常還有前面常還有only/butonly/but用以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。用以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。a.I am only too glad t

20、o help others.b.She is only too pleased to go. never/not too.to.不太不太.所以能所以能 too.not to.非常非常.而不會(huì)不而不會(huì)不/而能而能.One is never too old to learn. 活到老學(xué)到老活到老學(xué)到老She is too happy not to come.她非常高興而不會(huì)不來。她非常高興而不會(huì)不來。4251 10011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011.7.7.下列常用短語(yǔ)用作獨(dú)立成分下列常用短語(yǔ)用作獨(dú)立成分to be honest=honestly speakingto be exact=exactly speakingto be frank=frankly speakingto tell (you) the truthto be honest with youto begin/start withto make mat