1、Unit 1 Grammar and usageNoun clauses名詞性從句名詞性從句(Noun Clauses)在句子中起在句子中起_作用的句子，作用的句子，在復合句中能擔任在復合句中能擔任_、_、_、 _等等根據從句在句中不同的語法功能，可分為根據從句在句中不同的語法功能，可分為_(Subject Clause)、_(Predicative Clause)、_(Object Clause)_(Appositive Clause)名詞性從句在功能上相當于名詞名詞性從句在功能上相當于名詞His job is important.What he does is important.主主語語

2、 This is his job.This is what he does every day.表表語語I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.賓賓語語I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.同同位位語語1. (主語從句主語從句)e.g. That he can help me makes me happy. Why they have not left yet is not clear so f

3、ar.用用 it 作形式主語，代替主語從句作形式主語，代替主語從句e.g. It was good news that everyone got back safely.2. 賓語從句賓語從句e.g. I wonder if/whether thats a good idea. Im interested in who that tall man is.用用 it 作形式賓語，代替賓語從句作形式賓語，代替賓語從句e.g. We all thought it good news that the fog had finally gone. The conductor has made it cl

4、ear that no buses will be running.3. 表語從句表語從句e.g. The truth is that its too foggy for the bus to run that far. My question is whether Polly can find her way home.4. 同位語從句同位語從句e.g. She had a feeling that she was being watched. The news that he couldnt come made us upset. 連接詞連接詞 ：that、if、whether不作成分不作

5、成分無意義無意義2. 連接代詞連接代詞 ：who、 whom 、whose、 what、 which 、 whoever, whatever3. 連接副詞：連接副詞： when、 where、why、how“是是否否” 作狀語作狀語作主作主/賓賓/表表 II. 名詞性從句的引導詞名詞性從句的引導詞：e.g. No one knew if/whether he lost his sight because of an accident. She couldnt imagine how the blind man had found her.Read the article on page 9 a

6、nd describe the main idea in your own words. While reading, underline all the noun clauses you can find in this article.名詞性從句考點歸納名詞性從句考點歸納一、名詞性從句的語序一、名詞性從句的語序(1)名詞性從句構成有兩種名詞性從句構成有兩種a. That + 陳述句陳述句e.g. That he did it right is known to all.b. 疑問詞疑問詞+句子的剩余成分句子的剩余成分e.g. This is what we are looking for.

7、(2) 疑問詞引導的名詞性從句要求使用疑問詞引導的名詞性從句要求使用 陳述句語序陳述句語序，不能用一般疑問句，不能用一般疑問句 語序。語序。他是怎么成功的仍然是個謎。他是怎么成功的仍然是個謎。How was he successful is still a puzzle. How he was successful is still a puzzle. FT你能告訴我他住在什么地方嗎？你能告訴我他住在什么地方嗎？Could you tell me where he lives? Could you tell me where does he live? TF二、名詞性從句連接詞的選用二、名詞性

8、從句連接詞的選用(1) that 和和what 的選用的選用that 和和 what 都可引導所有的名詞從句。都可引導所有的名詞從句。但是，但是，what除起連接作用外，還在名詞除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句中性從句中充當成分充當成分，可做從句的主語、，可做從句的主語、賓語、或表語。而賓語、或表語。而that在名詞性從句中在名詞性從句中不充當任何成分，只起連接作用。不充當任何成分，只起連接作用。1. _ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3. The result is _ we won the game.4. Th

9、is is _ we want to know.5. Is _ he told us true ?WhatThatthatwhatwhat6. We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _ he will come.8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.whatthatwhat(2) if 和和whether 的選用的選用 whether和和 if 都可以使用的情況：都可以使用的情況： 1) 引導動詞的賓語從句時；引導動詞的賓語從句時；2) 在在be

10、+ adj.之后時；之后時；3) 在主語從句中，在主語從句中，it 用作形式主語時。用作形式主語時。 只能用只能用whether的情況：的情況：1) 在非正式文體中在非正式文體中, if . or not 也是正也是正確的。但與確的。但與or not直接連用時直接連用時, 只能用只能用whether(即即whether or not), 而不能用而不能用if (即即if or not)；2) 引導引導表語從句表語從句和和同位語從句同位語從句時；時；3) 引導引導主語從句主語從句，且位于，且位于句首句首時；時；4) 引導引導介詞后的賓語從句介詞后的賓語從句時；時；5) 后面直接后面直接跟動詞不定

11、式跟動詞不定式時；時；6) if引起歧義時。引起歧義時。1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. _ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.if / whetherWhether3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.whetherwhether/ifwhether6. The question is

12、 _ he should do it.7. The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8. I dont know _ to go.whetherwhetherwhether9. I wonder _ the news is true.10. He was not sure _ it was right.11. It hasnt been decided _ we shall attend the meeting. if / whether if / whether if / whethe

13、r 12. We havent decided _ to attend the meeting or not.13. I dont know _ he finally found his missing bike or not.14. I dont know _ or not he finally found his missing bike.whether if / whether whether 15. The question is _ the film is worth seeing.16. The problem _ we should continue the experiment

14、 remains unsolved.whether whether 17. _ our team has won the match is unknown.18. It all depends on _ he will support us.19. Please let me know _ you like it.Whether whether whether 其它連接代詞和副詞的連用其它連接代詞和副詞的連用主要根據名詞性從句中的具體意義主要根據名詞性從句中的具體意義, 正確的選擇正確的選擇who/ which/ when/where /why/how 等連接詞，這些連接詞既具等連接詞，這些連

15、接詞既具有疑問含義，又起連接作用，同時在有疑問含義，又起連接作用，同時在從句中充當各種成分。從句中充當各種成分。我們我們何時何時舉行運動會還沒有決定。舉行運動會還沒有決定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天我不知道昨天誰誰打破了玻璃。打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.Whenwho我不知道他長的我不知道他長的什么什么樣子。樣子。 I have no idea _ he looks like.這就是我忘記眼鏡的這就是我忘記眼鏡的地方地方。This is _ I

16、left my glasses.whatwhere引導詞引導詞 that 的省略的省略 1.that 引導賓語從句時，可以省略；引導賓語從句時，可以省略； 2.如果有兩個如果有兩個that 引導的賓語從句，則引導的賓語從句，則第二個賓語從句中的第二個賓語從句中的that 不可省略；不可省略； 3. 介詞后的賓語從句中的介詞后的賓語從句中的that 不可省不可省略略; 4. 如果如果that 連接的賓語從句中緊接著連接的賓語從句中緊接著一一 個由其他連詞引導的狀語從句，個由其他連詞引導的狀語從句，that 不能省略；不能省略；下列名詞性從句中的下列名詞性從句中的that是否可以省略。是否可以省略

17、。1. It was reported that the football team was warmly received by the Queen.2. I dont believe that he has ever read any of Shakespeares works or that he has ever heard of him.3. His composition is very good except that there are some spelling mistakes.4. The cause of the accident lies in that the dr

18、iver was careless.5. He said that, if I did not have time, I might choose not to go.6. The news that our team has won the match is true. 只有第只有第2題第一個題第一個that可以省略，可以省略，其他名詞性從句中，其他名詞性從句中，that不可以不可以省略。省略。that/ (that)1. I dont think _ she is coming.2. It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3. The reas

19、on is _ he is careless .4.The news _ our team won the match inspired us.(that)thatthatthat5. I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6. He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.that(that)that三、同位語從句的引導和辨別三、同位語從句的引導和辨別1. 同位語從句的格式：同位語從句的格式：n. + 連接詞連接詞 + 從句

20、從句2. 能接同位語從句的名詞有：能接同位語從句的名詞有：fact/idea/ news/information/order/belief/ advice suggestion, 等等3. 連接詞通常是連接詞通常是that,也可根據含義選用也可根據含義選用 whether, what, when, where 等來引導等來引導 同位語從句。同位語從句。 I have no idea _ he comes from.2. He cant answer the question _ he got the money.3. He gave us many suggestions _ we shoul

21、d get up earlier and take more exercise.that/whether/where/howwherehowthat4. I have no doubt _ he will win.5. I have some doubt _ he will win.thatwhether同位語從句和定語從句的區別同位語從句和定語從句的區別:1. 定語從句是先行詞的定語從句是先行詞的修飾語修飾語，它不，它不涉及先行詞的具體內容。定語從句涉及先行詞的具體內容。定語從句中中that不但起連接作用，而且在定不但起連接作用，而且在定語從句中語從句中充當一個句子成分充當一個句子成分，充當

22、，充當從句的賓語成分時可省略。從句的賓語成分時可省略。2. 同位語從句對中心詞的內容作進一同位語從句對中心詞的內容作進一 步的步的解釋和說明解釋和說明，表明，表明中心詞的具中心詞的具 體內容體內容。引導同位語從句的。引導同位語從句的that在同在同 位語從句中位語從句中不做任何成分不做任何成分, 只起連接只起連接 作用作用, 無具體含義無具體含義, 且不可省略且不可省略。1. We expressed the hope that they had expressed.2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.ATA

23、P1. The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.2. The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.ATAP名詞名詞demand, suggestion, proposal, advice 等詞后的同位語從句的語氣要等詞后的同位語從句的語氣要用虛擬語氣用虛擬語氣, 結構為結構為 should + do, should 可省略可省略 e.g. He

24、gave me a suggestion that I (should) be calm now.賓語從句的時態呼應賓語從句的時態呼應 如果主句時態是如果主句時態是現在時或將來時現在時或將來時, 從從 句謂語可根據句意需要而選用任一句謂語可根據句意需要而選用任一種時態。種時態。 a. 他相信他的夢想總有一天會實現的。他相信他的夢想總有一天會實現的。 He believes _ _ . his dream will come true some dayb. 請告訴我你昨天這個時候在干什么。請告訴我你昨天這個時候在干什么。 Please tell me_ _. what you were doin

25、g at this time yesterday2. 如果主句謂語是如果主句謂語是過去時過去時, 從句謂語動從句謂語動 詞一般用詞一般用過去的某種時態過去的某種時態, 但從句表但從句表 達的達的是客觀事實、真理、自然規律是客觀事實、真理、自然規律等等 時，從句謂語通常用時，從句謂語通常用一般現在時一般現在時。他告訴我他正在為考試做準備。他告訴我他正在為考試做準備。He told me _ .他說他已離開家鄉十年了。他說他已離開家鄉十年了。He told me _. he was preparing for the examination he had been away from his ho

26、metown for ten years老師告訴我們光是沿直線運行的。老師告訴我們光是沿直線運行的。The teacher tell us _ light travels in a straight line.Read the article about our senses on page 11 and circle the right words.Answers:1. _ 2. _ 3. _4. _ 5. _ 6. _ifthatthatthatwhetherthatComplete the story on page 11 using that, whether or if.Answer

27、s:1. _ 2. _ 3. _4. _ 5. _ 6. _7. _ 8. _thatthatthatif/whetherthatif/whetherthatthat考點點撥考點點撥 考例回顧考例回顧1. The radio announced that the mist would become a thick fog. (P10)考點考點 that引導名詞性從句時，在從句引導名詞性從句時，在從句中不充當成分，在動詞后面的賓語從句中不充當成分，在動詞后面的賓語從句中可以省略，在介詞后面的賓語從句、中可以省略，在介詞后面的賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中均主語從句、表語從句和同位語從

28、句中均不可省略。不可省略。考例考例1 With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _ he was a man of action. (湖南湖南2006)A. which B. thatC. what D. whether解析解析：根據句子結構，：根據句子結構，pleased后面后面應接賓語從句，應接賓語從句，he was a man of action是個完整的句子，從句中不缺成分，是個完整的句子，從句中不缺成分，故選故選that。考例考例2 One advantage

29、of playing the guitar is _ it can give you a great deal of pleasure. (上海上海2006)A. how B. whyC. that D. when 解析：解析：is后面是表語從句，從句中不后面是表語從句，從句中不 缺成分，故選缺成分，故選that。考例考例3 A warm thought suddenly came to me _ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday. (安徽安徽2006)A. if B. when C

30、. that D. which解析：此句是同位語從句，解析：此句是同位語從句，thought與從句與從句that I might . 被謂語被謂語suddenly came to me隔開。同位語從句中的引隔開。同位語從句中的引導詞導詞that不充當成分，只起一個連接不充當成分，只起一個連接的作用。的作用。2. She is not certain about whether she has done anything wrong. (P10)考點考點 在介詞后面的賓語從句中表示在介詞后面的賓語從句中表示“是否是否”時，只用時，只用whether，不用，不用if。考例考例 We havent

31、settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. (江蘇江蘇2006)A. if B. where C. whether D. that句意：我們還沒有解決他是否有必要去句意：我們還沒有解決他是否有必要去國外學習這一問題。國外學習這一問題。根據句意，可排除根據句意，可排除B和和D兩項。介詞兩項。介詞of后面接賓語從句時，后面接賓語從句時，只用只用whether，不用，不用if。故選故選C項。項。3. He said (that) he liked rain very much and that he would

32、nt use an umbrella when it was raining. (P10)考點考點 當一個句子有兩個或多個賓語從句當一個句子有兩個或多個賓語從句時，引導第一個從句的時，引導第一個從句的that可以省略，而可以省略，而引導第二個和以后幾個從句的引導第二個和以后幾個從句的that不可省不可省略，且最后兩個從句之間要用略，且最后兩個從句之間要用and， but或或 or連接。連接。考例考例 Having checked the doors were closed, and _ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to hi

33、s bedroom. (湖南湖南2007)A. why B. thatC. when D. where 解析：動詞解析：動詞checked后接兩個賓語從句，后接兩個賓語從句，第一個是第一個是the doors were closed，引導從，引導從句的句的that被省略；第二個是被省略；第二個是all the lights were off，從句中不缺成分，故選，從句中不缺成分，故選that，且且that不可省略。不可省略。1. It now appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how2. It is

34、good news _ they will arrive in a few days. A. which B. what C. that D. how3. It _ Joe drives badly. A. thought that B. thinks that C. is think that D. is thought that4. It _ he is late for class. A. may that B. might that C. may be that D. might be what5. This is _ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what6. The question is _ we cant go there today. A. that B. what C. which D. when7. The question is _ it is worth doing. A. if B. whether C. which D. what8. The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his t