1、精品文檔閱讀中的長難句在四六級考試中，通過關鍵詞可以定位到原文中的關鍵句， 這些關鍵句就是我們所說的鏈”。如何找到 鏈"-精準定位法；如何理解 鏈”長難句剪枝法。精準定位法利用關鍵詞（點）去尋找關鍵句（鏈）時，我們要運用同義轉述原則。同義轉述原則Mr«|1iai 4*di| ,口|4 * IbritJB-i-rii 卜 r * 寸 *1，,才|* I 11sr Ml » | |« »4 用卜| # 干 i r*卜亍*.#.*1 H-ii.ll ,十 F <TF I.義詞精品文檔篇章閱讀真題示例:j't How cm hm皿 kin

2、gsthe goal of piwe 阿 the plutcc acco而即 to ihc 仙Mr? A)m聰i咤 respect !hrpMB)場 畔rviiig all fornw of life-C) B tapping all natural resources.D1 B)pooling teirefforts together.The fidil 加儂 the 叩網priat加 ofzm心 will lendIhc entire to hdl unless h切時，karri to 仇他 lift, Bmh milh cacti olher und wilh 曲nK 1-his l昂

3、 is wultiUKously ethical and political baause it cm be disdiaM unly when each hkes ii 呼情 bcMf or himself and加卜岫m it h”理酬門wi山戊他風The心 51 Mg hl by pljnis i$ llut sharing iift expands mid ffihuctt the sphere gf the living, while dividing life into siKalkd naiufal or human raowices duninishefi it. Wc mus

4、t 助肥 tn view the dr, the plants and ounehts as the cuninhuHM to【he “ewrvMi(用 ol lilc 即d gmwih. raiher than a web M quantifiable objects or ptoductive potentialities al wdi巾讖L Perhaps ihen 眥 would finally bejin lo live,rather than being ccnonifll with bare surv血精準定位法：題干中的關鍵詞為accomplish和planet。由題干關鍵詞定

5、位到原文最后一段。定位段第一句說明，爭奪資源會將我們的星球引向地獄， 除非人類懂得分享。而隨后一句指出，完成這一任務需要每個人都承 擔起責任，并且只有共同合作才能完成。可見，保護地球必須聚集眾人的努力，選項 D）中的pooling their efforts together 是對原文 accomplished together with others的同義轉述，所以D）為本題答案。信息匹配真題示例:阻 Am 血lacked heincemiw to care lor r .IJ So uhy 屈 Anicnu chosen these 也即仙叫 enhandng policies"

6、 hutofibe answer utbat as World W»J faded 岫 nicnm; so l閭 did the tolklfifift il had口由疝 til iln dtizfnsr F/crated, As Amcnca lnumpbed in ihe Cold 如. thereas il found no for岫 1 seem lobe a real loourecomic model.ih economic modelE' 11' E'fT F*IJ MWithout Olis internM competition, we n

7、o I。哪r had toshow ihiil out sjAtcm conid tklivci for.i -（肌 ulizcny精準定位法：題干中的關鍵詞為the majority of和rival。由題干關鍵詞定位到原 文最后兩句。定位句提到，由于美國在冷戰中大獲全勝，似乎我們的 經濟體制已沒有真正的競爭對手。 而一旦失去了國際競爭，我們就沒 有必要證明我們的體制能夠為大多數公民帶來利益。題干中的themajority of和rival分別是原文中的 most of和competitor的同義轉 述，故答案為E）。長難句剪枝法長難句，顧名思義，即長又難，主要難在用詞、結構等方面。掌握了

8、剛才說的精準定位法后，如果定位到的句子是長難句，這個方法就要排上用場了 一一長難句剪枝法。先快速找到句子的主干，再掌握細節 要素。1 .找主干，明結構即：撥開枝杈，直撲主干；排除干擾，確定結構；首先抓住中心內容。看到一個難句，不要被它嚇住，首先要集中精力，找出句子主干。句 子再長，主干不會長，根據謂語動詞的特點，主干還是不難找到的。只要找到句子的主干，就能明確句子的結構（是簡單句，還是并列句、 主從復合句、倒裝句、強調句等），也就明白句子主要講了什么。下面是一些真題中的長難句，我們對主干部分進行了鋪底：例1Inequality is dangerous, he argued, not mere

9、ly because it doesn't look good to have a large gap between the rich and the poor, but because inequality itself destroys upward mobility, making it harder for the poor to escape from poverty.例2While Wall Street executives used their expensive lawyers to ensure that their ranks were not held acc

10、ountable for the misdeeds that the crisis in 2008 so graphically revealed, the banks abused our legalsystem to foreclose （取消贖回權）on mortgages and eject tenants,some of whom did not even owe money.例3But for students who haven ' t yet done enough research, or who are still constantly changing their

11、 minds on favorite schools, the early-decision system needlessly and prematurely narrows the field of possibility just at a time when students should be opening themselves to a whole range of thrilling options.例4The shift, little noticed outside the medical establishment but already controversial in

12、side it, suggests that doctors are starting to redefine their roles, from being concerned exclusively about individual patients to exerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent.例5There are some very commendable characteristics of the CFLcompact fluorescent （熒光的）light bulb , yet the selectio

13、n of any light source remains inseparable from the luminaire （ 照明裝置）that houses it, along with the space in which both are installed, andlighting requirements that need to be satisfied.2 .理枝杈，明各層即：變長為短，層層理清；修飾成分，對號入座；仔細搞清各層意思。這里的關鍵就是修飾語和被修飾語要能對得起來，從而理清句子的層次，一層層地搞清楚句子的意思。還是以上面5個真題長難句為例:例1'tInequa

14、lity is dangerous, he argued, not merely because it doesn look good to have a large gap between the rich and the poor, but because inequality itself destroys upward mobility, making it harder for the poor to escape from poverty.剪枝法分析：用剪枝法先找到有引導詞也有謂語動詞的從句：兩個由because引導的原因狀語從句，并用關聯詞組not merely -七成相連接。然

15、后用剪枝法剪掉各個短語，并掌握這些細節信息：插入語 he argued,補充 說明全句的信息來源，介詞短語between the rich and the poor作名詞 gap 的后置定語，現在分詞結構 making it harder for the poor to escape from poverty作伴隨狀語，對原因狀語從句進行補充說明。圖解結構：making it harder lor （he poor to escape from poverty伴隨狀語緒構，補充說明原因liul h曳au記 ineq皿ilsel： ' destroys upwarti mahdily并列

16、原因狀語從句之二幕程主句原因not merely because ii doesn11 look good to have a large gap between ihc rich aid the poor并列原因狀語從句之一T懈譚主句原因主干7 |町1點通血如期mushe argued插入語，孫克說明主句參考譯文： 他提出，不公平是危險的，不僅僅是因為貧富差異大看 起來不好，更是因為不公平本身破壞了社會階層向上提升的流動性， 令貧困者難以擺脫貧困。例2While Wall Street executives used their expensive lawyers to ensure tha

17、t their ranks were not held accountable for the misdeeds that the crisis in 2008 so graphically revealed, the banks abused our legal system to foreclose （取消贖回權）on mortgages and eject tenants,some of whom did not even owe money.剪枝法分析:用剪枝法先找到有引導詞也有謂語動詞的從句：While引導的時間狀語從句說明主句的時間；而該時間狀語從句中又包含that引導的賓語從句充

18、當動詞不定式結構中 ensure的賓語，該賓語從句也是一 個主從復合句，包含that引導的限定性定語從句，修飾說明名詞 misdeeds。然后用剪枝法剪掉各個短語，并掌握這些細節信息：toforeclose （取消贖回權）on mortgages and eject tenants 為動詞不定式作目的狀語，而其中還包含一個介詞of+whom引導的定語從句, 補充說明之前的名詞tenantso圖解結構:soirie of wIkhu did noi even owe inaneyto hredose (摳溝糠燈板on mMg岬:i and ejccl (cnunlb不定式表目的.鼾科主句目的酎間

19、狀譯從旬While Wall SUvd execulives uied their expensive lauycn to cnsinoe賓語從句ihai their ranks were not held accountable Sarthe misdeeds定常從句,修飾mix加thui die crisis in 2008 so graphically revealed當華爾街的行政長官雇用費用高昂的律師來確保他們在參考譯文：2008年金融危機所顯現出的罪行中不承擔任何責任時，銀行就濫用 了法律體系的權利來取消抵押的贖回權，并把房客驅逐出去，有些房客甚至沒有欠款。例3But for st

20、udents who haven't yet done enough research, or who are still constantly changing their minds on favorite schools, the early-decision system needlessly and prematurely narrows the field of possibility just at a time when students should be opening themselves to a whole range of thrilling options

21、.剪枝法分析：用剪枝法先找到有引導詞也有謂語動詞的從句：定語從句whenstudents should be opening themselves to a whole range of thrilling options，修飾時間狀語中的名詞time;兩個并列定語從句 who haven't yet done enough research 和 who are still constantly changing their minds on favorite schools 由連詞 or 連接，修飾 students o 然后用剪 枝法剪掉各個短語，并掌握這些細節信息：just at

22、 a time為時間狀語； 介詞短語for students置于句首，強調描述的對象和范圍。圖解結構：現hen siuduiib should be upening ilieiUbeKcs tv ;l u hole ungu ofLhnlhng l甲uun"|定塔從句.修飾時間狀語中的名詞timejust al a timeL時間狀iS困11是與上句轉折的連詞伽students為介詞短語But for siuJenhJT并列定謂從句之二+微飾Niudetmm who arc still constanily changing their minds on favonlc school

23、s|舞列定語從句之i.修飾51Mm館who hi：ivert'l vol done enough TVHwrch參考譯文：但是，對于那些沒有做足夠功課的或者是在自己喜歡的學校上搖擺不定的學生來說，提前錄取則沒有必要，并且過早地縮小 了他們可能的選擇范圍，而這個時候他們應該放開自己去面對所有令 他們心動的選擇。例4The shift, little noticed outside the medical establishment but already controversial inside it, suggests that doctors are starting to rede

24、fine their roles, from being concerned exclusively about individual patients to exerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent.剪枝法分析：用剪枝法先找到有引導詞也有謂語動詞的從句：that引導的賓語從句, 作主句動詞suggests的賓語；how引導賓語從句，作介詞on的賓語。 然后用剪枝法剪掉各個短語，并掌握這些細節信息：插入語部分little noticed outside the medical establishment but already

25、 controversial inside it 作補語, 補充說明 shift; from being concerned exclusively about ind ividual patients to exerting influence on是由 from to連接的介詞短語結構，補充說明roles。圖解結構：little noticed outside the medical establishment but already comroversial inside it插入語，由忻n連接兩個并列結構.補充說明$b此功能相當于一個定語從句賓語從句;liat are Parting

26、Io redefine their rolesmm血t接的介詞短語f補充說prolesfrom being cuncemcd exclusively about individual patients to cxolm(! influence(hi名詞也從句i作介漏川】的宴'逗how he疝配&待 dollars are 5沖I參考譯文： 這一變化，盡管在醫療機構以外還鮮受關注，但在其內 部已備受爭議，這意味著醫生們要重新定義其角色， 從單純考慮病人 個體轉為對醫療費用的使用施加影響。例5There are some very commendable characteristi

27、cs of the CFLcompact fluorescent （熒光的）light bulb , yet the selection of any light source remains inseparable from the luminaire （ 照明裝置）that houses it, along with the space in which both are installed, and lighting requirements that need to be satisfied.剪枝法分析：本句為并列句，由并列副詞yet連接兩個主干，分別是There be句 型和系表結構

28、。用剪枝法先找到有引導詞也有謂語動詞的從句：that引導定語從句 houses it,修飾luminaire ; in which 引導定語從句 both are installed , 修飾 space; that 引導定語從句 need to be satisfied, 修飾requirements。然后用剪枝法剪掉各個短語，并掌握這些細節信 息：of the CFL 和 of any light source 是定語，分另“修飾 characteristics 和 selection ； from the luminaire 為補語，說明 inseparable , along with

29、 the space ，and lighting requirements!：補語，對 luminaire 進行補 充說明。圖解結構：cf Hie ( FL cctiipiib出宜Y7V (於中；j light bulbJ定注.傕:飾5Hractcri M io|并列句由¥二金e some very commendctbl chiiractcnsticsyet Ihu selcclion. remains inseparablef 定語,修飾select口口T 介謂短緡作補語，說明向/皿理bleof-any light simrccfrcuu the himiiiuic定語從句.修飾

30、】uminair。Ukh liouseb 1L aluiig i(h the 旨口門，目- utid lighting requiLenient定語從句.修飾沖neej定語從句.requinementsin which both are installed that need io be satisfied參考譯文： 緊湊型熒光燈泡有一些很好的特性，但任何光源的選擇還是與照明裝置、兩者的安裝空間以及需要滿足的照明要求密不可分網段落或篇章在四六級閱讀理解中，有些題目僅靠掌握關鍵詞（點）和關鍵句（鏈） 不能完全推出答案，這時候，我們就需要通過分析整個段落或者整篇 文章來得出答案。這種利用 熏&qu

31、ot;和 鏈”并結合上下文語義、邏輯關系、文化背景與生活 常識等來解答閱讀題的過程就是一個系統的 網"。理解 網”的過程主 要運用綜合推斷法。 411 !)« I I ri-i I l-r+* |-| i-B-| j1! !| JiB + bm-i rri4l i-f | f-fiB-i i raa iI r"1 ( b"*" IraM "84 i;:f#;i:上下婿義 海聯系 文化馥 蹄鋤信息匹配真題示例:Clinging ilic currejii cner)' 那世m lequines the I raining off

32、【.德際口 副nd skilled IjIxt.I) Anoiher type of moniennim we have to think about when planning far changes in our energy systems is hbor-pwl nmncum. Ii is one thing le say that we ilrt gmirlg (D shift 3(1 fvrocnl of Our I'kcLriciiy supply tnun . say, coa (o nuclear power in 2f) years. Hm it is jinotl

33、icr thine t。hae a supply of knaincd iMenl 由工1 ndld kt1,iiiT)nut this promise. Th出 is hccdiisL1 Lhc engineers, designers, regulmurs, upei0rs. god Mi ol tlic other , needed iui the new indutr7 眥 specialists who have in he rained tint : nr KiniincJ, il ih. ire lhc being luid oit in Mime rcIiiCcd induci

34、n' J , end Cdtii'jtipri, like iiny Uh5 (omphualed endeavor, tak&s Eime. And run only do our prvspecUve wwenerj workers ba"川 he irai ned, lhc)Onetuvd軻 lhc ikbigntm. and pcHiitp、he. befureLhe builders 川id opaMu汴.and Givh gruup M ®Q【kcc in tninmg has to know there is work waiting

35、beyond gniduiHinn. In mine colleges and un"coi【k> might have to change their training pmrams, adding iMKher layer trf difficulty.綜合推斷法:題干中的關鍵詞為training和skilled labor。由題干關鍵詞定位到原文I）段。I）段第四句提到，工程師、設計師、監管人員、操作人員 以及新能源行業所需要的其他人員都需要經過專業培訓（或對相關行 業下崗工人進行再教育）。而像其他復雜的努力一樣，教育也需要時間。該段第五句指出我們預期的新能源工作者不僅要

36、接受培訓， 還要 以正確的次序培訓，也就是說培訓要系統化。由此可知，要改變當前 的能源系統，需要對專業人員和技術人員按正確的順序培訓，即系統 的培訓。題干是對定位句的概括，故答案為 I）。篇章閱讀真題示例:sluddnK need Lu build Aills and knowledge during if theyio the their ilcgreeii 工序 “ Mepping-stnne to niiddlc-rLi irohilily. Hui mmru privileged wKjdcnL%. mu4 nt>t vka&le Lhi-s uppurLunir eilher. As r