1、 一、一、虛擬語氣在非條件句中虛擬語氣在非條件句中虛擬條件句虛擬條件句主句主句與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相事實(shí)相反的假反的假設(shè)設(shè)If+主語主語+動詞的過去式（動詞動詞的過去式（動詞be用用were)主語主語+should,would,might,could動詞原形動詞原形與與過去過去相反的相反的假設(shè)假設(shè)If+主語主語+had +過去分詞過去分詞主語主語should, would,might, couldhave +過去分詞過去分詞與與將來將來相反的相反的假設(shè)假設(shè)1、If+主語主語+動詞過去式動詞過去式2、If+主語主語+were to+ 動詞原形動詞原形3、If+主語主語+should +動詞原形動詞原

2、形主語主語should, would, might, could動詞原形動詞原形eg:If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train. If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.如果我是你，我就會努力學(xué)習(xí)如果我是你，我就會努力學(xué)習(xí)如果我知道他的電話號碼，我就給他打電話了如果我知道他的電話號碼，我就給他打電話了如果明天下雨的話，我們會取消比賽如果明天下雨的話，我們會取消比賽If I were you, I wo

3、uld work harder at my lessons.If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him.If it should were to rain, we would call off the match.More practice:使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點(diǎn)：使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點(diǎn)：當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為：錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為：錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句“，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整動詞的形

4、式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.如果你聽我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會痊愈了如果你聽我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會痊愈了如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，你現(xiàn)在就會是大學(xué)生如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，你現(xiàn)在就會是大學(xué)生了了省略句省略句 在條件句中，可省略在條件句中，可省略 if，把，把were ,had, should 提到句首，提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式變?yōu)榈寡b句式If I were at

5、school again, I would study harder.Were I at school again, I would study harder.If you had come earlier, you would have met him.Had you come earlier, you would have met him.If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 注意：若省略的條件句中的謂語動詞是否定式，不能

6、用動詞注意：若省略的條件句中的謂語動詞是否定式，不能用動詞的縮略形式如我們可以說的縮略形式如我們可以說 Were it not for expense, I would go abroad now. 不可以說不可以說Werent it for the expense,、用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句常用的介詞有、用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句常用的介詞有with, without, but for 等。如：等。如：What would you do with a million dollars(=If you had a million dollars)?We could not have finis

7、hed the work ahead of time without your help(=if we hadnt got your help).But for the rain(=If it hadnt been for the rain), we would have finished the work.、含蓄條件句。、含蓄條件句。有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不是總是有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不是總是出現(xiàn)出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而是通過其他手段來代替條引導(dǎo)的條件句，而是通過其他手段來代替條件句。件句。I was ill that day. Otherwise , I would

8、 have taken part in the sports meet.（副詞）He telephoned to inform me of you birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.（連詞）I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.（連詞）Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.（獨(dú)立主格）I would buy the book, but I h

9、ave not enough money.I would have bought the book, but I didnt have enough money.I havent enough money, otherwise I would buy the book.I didnt have enough money, otherwise I would have bought the book.我會買那本書的，但我現(xiàn)在沒有錢我會買那本書的，但我現(xiàn)在沒有錢我會買那本書的，但我當(dāng)時(shí)沒有錢我會買那本書的，但我當(dāng)時(shí)沒有錢我沒有足夠的錢否則我會買那本書的我沒有足夠的錢否則我會買那本書的二、虛擬語氣在

10、名詞從句中的運(yùn)用二、虛擬語氣在名詞從句中的運(yùn)用用于賓語從句用于賓語從句、wish 用于后面的賓語從句中。用于后面的賓語從句中。 用于后面的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)用于后面的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語動詞形式為：其謂語動詞形式為：表現(xiàn)在過去時(shí)表現(xiàn)在過去時(shí)表過去過去完成時(shí)表過去過去完成時(shí)表將來表將來would, might, could動詞原形動詞原形I wish (that) I were a bird.I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.I wish (that) I wouldcou

11、ld go.但愿我能去但愿我能去2.用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語從句。用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語從句。insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.一堅(jiān)持；二命令；三建議；四要求一堅(jiān)持；二命令；三建議；四要求We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.注意：注意：suggest 當(dāng)表示當(dāng)

12、表示“暗示、表明暗示、表明“講時(shí)，講時(shí)，insist 表示表示”堅(jiān)堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為持認(rèn)為“之意時(shí)，應(yīng)用陳述語氣。之意時(shí)，應(yīng)用陳述語氣。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.他臉上的表情表明他對我們的工作很滿意他臉上的表情表明他對我們的工作很滿意那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說他沒有偷錢那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說他沒有偷錢用于主語從句中用于主語從句中 1.It is necessaryimportantstrangenaturalimpo

13、ssible / surprising / a pity+ that從句。從句中的謂語動詞用從句。從句中的謂語動詞用should+動詞動詞原形，原形，should可以省略。可以省略。2.It is suggesteddesired / ordered / requested / demanded thatIt is necessary that you (should) clean the room after work.It is important that he (should) work harder at his lessons.It is suggested that the me

14、eting (should) be put off.It is ordered that the work (should) be done at once.should表示驚奇、懷疑、不滿等情緒，作表示驚奇、懷疑、不滿等情緒，作“竟然竟然”解，解，should可省略。可省略。句型：句型：It is surprising/a pity/ strange that.It is a pity that he should be so careless.真可惜他竟然如此粗心真可惜他竟然如此粗心It is strange that he should have left without saying

15、good-bye.他離開時(shí)沒有說再見是很奇怪的他離開時(shí)沒有說再見是很奇怪的注意：以上句型也可用陳述語氣注意：以上句型也可用陳述語氣It is strange that he didnt come yesterday. It is a pity that you cant dance.I am surprised that he _ to help me when I needed it most. A. should refuse B.would have refused C.should have refused C 在在suggestion / proposal / order / pla

16、n / advice / idea / request 等名詞后的表語和同位語從句中要用等名詞后的表語和同位語從句中要用“should動詞原形動詞原形”should可以省略可以省略用語表語從句和同位語從句用語表語從句和同位語從句My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it. My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting

17、 (should) be put off. It is (high / about ) time that從句中的謂語從句中的謂語動詞用過去式或動詞用過去式或should動詞原形，動詞原形，should不不能省略能省略三、虛擬語氣在其他從句中三、虛擬語氣在其他從句中It is high time that you went / should go to school.If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（要是該有多好啊引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（要是該有多好啊If only I knew the answer!If only I had seen the film yesterday!would rather +

18、從句動詞用過去式從句動詞用過去式I would rather you told me the truth.我寧愿你告訴我真相我寧愿你告訴我真相 as if ( as though) 看起來用過去式或過去完成時(shí)表虛擬看起來用過去式或過去完成時(shí)表虛擬even if ( even though)即使即使He treats /treated the boy as if he were his own son.He speaks/ spoke as if he had known about itEven if he were here, he could not solve the problem.E

19、ven if I had been busy then, I would have helped you.注意注意：as if/as though從句的虛擬語氣的動詞不受主句從句的虛擬語氣的動詞不受主句動詞的支配主從句同時(shí)，用過去式；從句先，主句后動詞的支配主從句同時(shí)，用過去式；從句先，主句后用過去完成時(shí)用過去完成時(shí)If it were not for If it had not been for 要是沒有要是沒有 If it were not for the rain, the crop would die.If it had not been for your help, I wouldnt have made so much progress.在口語交際中虛擬語氣省略的情況在口語交際中虛擬語氣省略的情況若一般過去時(shí)只保留若一般過去時(shí)只保留did, could, were等助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或等助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或系動詞。系動詞。若是過去完成時(shí)，只保留若是過去完成時(shí)，只保留had若是過去將來時(shí)只保留若是過去將來時(shí)只保留would, might- Have you found the answer to the question?-I wish I had.I cant go to Beijing with you ,but I wish I would.在在In case和和