1、書面表達【知識點睛】 中考書面表達題命題特點： 中考書面表達題，大體分為記敘文和應用文。記敘文以記事為主，敘事要力求充分、具體、詳實。?？嫉膽梦闹饕袝?、日記、通知、調查報告等。 中考書面表達題旨在通過書面表達測試學生作簡單書面表達的能力，聯想能力，靈活運用所學的英語知識的能力及初步運用英語表達思想的能力。 近六年，河南中考英語書面表達題以寫人記事類為主，偶有考察話題作文（2012年）。 年份分類201620152014201320122011文體記敘文記敘文記敘文記敘文話題作文記敘文詞數80詞左右80詞左右80詞左右80詞左右80詞左右80詞左右話題The biggest persona

2、l change Ive ever made I want to have _ My special _ What makes me a good friend? 了解歷史的方式：1、看歷史劇2、讀史書 Liu Wei, an armless piano player, has a very special experience. 書面表達寫作步驟：一、審 審題材、體裁 二、理 理要點 理結構 三、定 定人稱 定順序 定時態(tài) 四、查 查單詞拼寫 查主謂一致 查固定搭配 查句型句式 忌：漢語式思維 關鍵：理結構（列提綱）首段開門見山，落筆點題中間段根據要點要求，按一定的線索逐次展開尾段回應主題，

3、首尾呼應，畫龍點睛滿分作文的標準： 要點全 （不能丟落要點） 要發(fā)揮 （不能限于回答問題或逐句翻譯） 句式豐 （表達不能過于單一） 結構清 （表達有層次，會用關聯詞，注意首尾上下呼應） 書寫美 （字跡工整） 無錯誤 （杜絕任何小錯） 過渡詞： 1. 并列關系的過渡詞：and, as well as, not only. but also, neither.nor., both.and 2. 轉折關系的過渡詞：but, yet, however, on the contrary, although + clause, despite / in spite of + n./doing 3. 時間關

4、系的過渡詞：first, second, third, next, and then, finally, in the end, after, before, after a few days, a last 4. 空間關系的過渡詞：near (to), far (from), in the front of, beside, behind, beyond, above, below, to the right 5. 比較關系的過渡詞：in the same way, just like, just as 6. 對照關系的過渡詞：but, still, yet, however, on the

5、 other hand, in spite of 7. 遞進關系的過渡詞：also, and, then, too, in addition, whats more, whats worse, especially, besides, moreover, furthermore, not only but also, at the same time 8. 因果關系的過渡詞：because, since, then, so, therefore 9. 解釋說明的過渡詞：for example, in fact, in this case, for, actually. 10. 強調的過渡詞：i

6、n fact, in deed, necessarily, certainly, without any doubt, truly, most important 11. 目的的過渡詞：for this reason, for this purpose 12. 列舉的過渡詞：for example, such as 13. 總結性的過渡詞：in conclusion, finally 一、書面表達四步法 請以 “My _” 為題寫一篇英語短文，描述一個你熟悉的人。 要求： 1. 先將題目補充完整； 2. 從外貌、興趣、愛好、日常活動、職業(yè)等方面進行描述； 3. 文中不得出現真實的人名、校名；

7、4. 不少于70詞。 My _一、審 審題材、體裁 半命題作文；寫你熟悉的人； 外貌、興趣、愛好、日?；顒?、職業(yè)等； 禁止真實校名、人名；詞數要求 二、理 理_外貌、興趣、愛好、日常活動、職業(yè)等 理_ 總My father is strict with me in my study, but I love him. 分(1) English teacher; tall; thin; strict; kind (2) on workdays; work; from morning to night; run; in the morning (3) on weekends; free; Satur

8、day morning; take me out; have a walk; Saturday afternoon; help; homework; Sunday afternoon; go fishing with his friends 總This is my father. I love him. 三、定 定_第三人稱：my father/he 定_部分地方考慮時間先后順序 定_一般現在時 四、查 查_ 查_ 查_ 查_ 忌：_ 例文賞析（一）My Father My father is strict with me in my study, but I love him. He is

9、an English teacher in Red Star Middle School. He is tall and thin with short black hair. He is strict but kind. On workdays, he is very busy working from morning to night. He likes getting up early and running in the morning. On weekends, he is usually free. So on Saturday morning, hed like to take

10、me out and have a walk. On Saturday afternoon, he often helps me with my homework. Sometimes on Sunday afternoon, he goes fishing with his good friends. This is my father. I love him. 例文賞析（二）My Father My father is a doctor who works really hard. He has devoted himself to his career for he gets up ve

11、ry early and gets back home late. What he thinks about all day long is the patients and how he can release the pains of his patients. And he will do whatever he can to help his patients. In his free time, he likes reading books and often takes notes on important points. Whats more, he published a bo

12、ok. Besides reading, he likes listening to music to get relaxed. That is my father. I love him and Im proud of him. 二、寫作訓練營A 你身邊的每個人對你來說都具有特殊的意義。請以“My special _”為題用英語寫一篇短文，描述你家庭的某個成員或你的朋友、老師、同學等。 要求： 1. 在題目空格處填入你要描述的對象，如grandma, teacher或friend等； 2. 文中不得出現真實姓名和學校名稱； 3. 80詞左右。 My special _ _一、審：審題_二、理

13、理要點_理結構 _三、定定人稱_定順序_定時態(tài)_四、查查單詞拼寫查主謂一致查固定搭配查句型句式忌：漢語式思維B假如你叫李華，你打算中考結束后和同學們結伴出游，但遭到了父母的反對。請結合此事，談談如何對待父母及如何解決日常生活中與他們意見不一致的問題。 要求： 1. 邏輯清晰，語言通順，觀點不限，自由發(fā)揮，無需標題。 2. 文中不能以任何方式出現真實的人名、校名和縣（市）區(qū)名及其它相關信息。 3. 詞數：80-100。 參考詞匯：中考 the High School Entrance Examination _一、審：審題_二、理理要點_理結構 _三、定定人稱_定順序_定時態(tài)_四、查查單詞拼寫查

14、主謂一致查固定搭配查句型句式忌：漢語式思維C假如你叫李華，你的美國筆友Tom上周剛過完生日。他想知道你經常和誰一起過生日，怎么過的，你收到的最喜歡的禮物是什么，以及你喜歡它的原因。請你根據他的問題回復郵件。提示詞語：cake, noodles, sing songs, make a wish, get presents Who do you often celebrate your birthday with? Your parents? Your friends? Or? What do you usually do on your birthday? What is your favori

15、te present? Why do you like it? 根據中文和英文提示，寫一封意思連貫、符合邏輯、不少于50詞的回信。信的開頭和結尾已給出，其詞數不計入所要完成的回信內。所給英文提示詞語僅供選用。請不要寫出你的校名和姓名。 To TomFrom Li HuaSubject BirthdayHi! Tom, Im glad that you had a nice birthday party last week._Yours.Li Hua一、審：審題_二、理理要點_理結構 _三、定定人稱_定順序_定時態(tài)_四、查查單詞拼寫、查主謂一致、查固定搭配、查句型句式、忌：漢語式思維D學習方法、

16、自我反思、合作交流、同伴互評是學習過程中幾個重要的方面。其中，有效的學習方法能使你的學習境界大開，讓學習成為一種享受。在你初中三年的學習過程中，你一定會有一些好的學習方法與你的同伴分享，請按以下要求寫一篇短文，內容須包含以下要點：your good learning method(s)an experience that you helped your partnersyour thoughts and feelings要求：1. 詞數100詞左右，提示詞僅供參考；2. 文中不得出現真實的人名、校名。_一、審：審題_二、理理要點_理結構 _三、定定人稱_定順序_定時態(tài)_四、查查單詞拼寫查主謂一

17、致查固定搭配查句型句式忌：漢語式思維_四、查查單詞拼寫查主謂一致查固定搭配查句型句式忌：漢語式思維【參考答案】 【知識點睛】要點 結構 人稱 順序 時態(tài) 單詞拼寫主謂一致固定搭配句型句式漢語式思維【精講精練】寫作訓練營AMy special friendMy best friend and I get along with each other quite well. But we are so different. He is funnier, more outgoing than me and Im more serious. He is more athletic and likes t

18、o play all kinds of sports but I am smarter on study. My friend is wilder than me and I am calmer. He is tall, thin, strong, with short hair, and sometimes he is very careless and lazy. On the other hands, I am short, fat and weak, with short hair. He is very helpful because I am very lazy and dont

19、want to do any sports. And I will help him with his study. This is my special friend. I love him. BLast time I told my parents about my summer travel plan and they simply said “No”. I was really upset at first. But later I realized that they were just worried about my safety. So I talked to them lat

20、er and made it clear that I would be safe together with my classmates. In the end, not only did they agree to my plan but also helped me prepare for the trip. So when our parents disagree with what we do, we should explain to them what we think and ask them for advice. How nice we and our parents ca

21、n understand each other! CHi! Tom, Im glad that you had a nice birthday party last week. I often celebrate my birthday with my parents and friends. We usually spend it at my place with a big birthday cake, some delicious noodles, soft drinks and many fun games. After we sing songs together, I usuall

22、y make a wish. I also get presents on this big day and my favorite gifts are video games. I just love to have friends over playing together. Yours, Li Hua DDiscussing in a group really helps me a lot. It broadens my mind and allows me more chances to express my thoughts.Shy and nervous, my classmate

23、 Jeff used to hide himself behind books. Answering questions in public was quite a difficult job for him. Once our math teacher asked us to solve a difficult problem. I encouraged Jeff to discuss his idea with us and we found his way was so creative. Believe it or not, he could share his ideas with

24、friends in public now.Discussing in a group not only makes me enjoy the happiness of learning but also deepens the friendship.中考英語語法+題型專題附錄材料附錄1：中考英語八大時態(tài) 一、一般現在時 (一) 構成： 一般現在時主要用動詞的原形表示，如果主語是第三人稱單數，則在動詞原形后加-s或-es。 Tom often helps his parents do housework at home. Sometimes Lucy washes her clothes he

25、rself. (二) 用法： 1. 表示經常性或習慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與usually, sometimes, once a week, every day等表示頻率的副詞和短語連用。 I often take a bus to school. 2. 表示客觀事實或普遍真理。 The earth is round. Light travels faster than sound. 3. 在時間、條件等狀語從句中，從句用一般現在時表示將來。 When I grow up, I will go to America. If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will g

26、o to the zoo. 4. 在某些以here，there開頭的句子中用一般現在時表示正在發(fā)生的動作。 There goes the bell. (三) 時間狀語： 1. 表示頻率的副詞usually，sometimes等 2. every day, every year等時間狀語。 二、一般過去時 (一) 構成：一般過去時用動詞的過去式表示 Last week Tom made a model plane with his friend Jack. My father studied at this school twenty years ago. (二) 用法： 1. 表示過去某時間發(fā)

27、生的動作或存在的狀態(tài) I got up at six this morning. We visited a farm last Sunday. 2. 表示過去的習慣或經常發(fā)生的動作 When I was in the countryside, I often swim in the river. (三) 時間狀語 和一般過去時連用的時間狀語有：last night, yesterday, last week, some years ago, in 1990, in the past, the other day, just now等。 三、一般將來時 (一) 用法： 1. 表示將來發(fā)生的動作或

28、存在的狀態(tài)，其結構是will+動詞原形。常與表示將來的時間狀語連用，如tomorrow, next week, in a few days, next Saturday, in+時間段等。 They will leave for Beijing next week. Will you be back in two days? 當主語是I或we時，疑問句中一般使用shall，表示征求對方意見。 Where shall we meet tomorrow? 2. be going to + 動詞原形，表示計劃、打算做某事，表示已決定并且很有可能發(fā)生的事。 He is going to speak o

29、n TV this evening. 3. be +現在分詞，表示將來。常用這種結構的動詞有：go, come, leave, arrive, start, begin等，表示即將發(fā)生或安排好要做的事情。 We are leaving for Shanghai. The bus is coming. 4. be to + 動詞原形結構表示即將發(fā)生的動作。 5. 用一般現在時表示將來的情況： 1) 表示按規(guī)定或時間表預計將發(fā)生的動作。 Were leaving for Kunming. Our plan takes off at 8:30. 2) 當主句為一般將來時，在if, as soon a

30、s, until, when等引導的狀語從句中用一般現在時表示將來。 If it doesnt rain this afternoon, well have a basketball match. (二) 注意：下面有幾種情況下只可用will/shall表示將來，不可以用be going to結構。 1. 表示有禮貌的詢問對方是否愿意或者表示客氣的邀請或命令時。 Will you please lend me your bike? 2. 表示帶有意愿色彩的時候。 We will help him if he asks us. 3. 表示單純性的將來，與人的主觀愿望和判斷無關時。 The sun

31、 will rise at 6:00 tomorrow morning. 四、現在進行時 (一) 構成：肯定式 am/is/are + 動詞的現在分詞 否定式 am/is/are + not + 動詞的現在分詞 疑問式am/is/are + 主語 + 動詞的現在分詞？ 肯定回答Yes, 主語 + am/is/are. 否定回答No, 主語 + am/is/are + not. (二) 用法： 1. 表示此時此刻正在進行的動作。 What are you doing? I am washing my car. 2. 表示現階段正在進行的動作或持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。 The students are wor

32、king on the farm these days. (三) 時間狀語： 時間狀語為now, these days等或當句子中含有l(wèi)ook, listen, can you see, cant you see之類的暗示詞時，要使用現在進行時。 (四) 注意：下列動詞一般不用于現在進行時中 1. 感官動詞：如see, hear等 2. 表示喜歡或厭惡的動詞，如like, like, hate等 3. 表示希望的動詞，如want, would like等 4. 表示狀態(tài)的動詞，如be等 5. 表示歸屬的動詞，如have等 6. 表示思維、知識或理解能力的動詞，如know, think, for

33、get等 五、現在完成時(一) 構成：主語 + have/has + 動詞的過去分詞 (二) 用法： 1. 表示過去發(fā)生的或已經完成的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果。 Have you finished you homework? Yes, I have just finished it. I have lost my key. Have you found your lost key yet? No, I havent found it yet. 注意：already, yet常和現在完成時連用。already用于肯定句中，可放在助動詞之后、過去分詞之前，也可以放在句末；yet用在疑問句中意

34、為“已經”，用在否定句中表示“還”，常放在句末。 2. 表示動作或狀態(tài)在過去已經開始，持續(xù)到現在，也許還要持續(xù)下去，常和for+時間段，since+時間點連用，表示持續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)，多用延續(xù)性動詞。 Mr. Zhang has taught English for 20 years. (三) 幾個副詞在現在完成時中的用法 1. just：剛剛。表示動作剛剛結束，常放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。 He has just come back from America. 2. ever：曾經。用于疑問句或否定句中，放在助動詞和過去分詞之間。 Have you ever been to London? 3

35、. never：從來沒有。常與before連用，多放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。 I have never travelled by plane before. 4. before：以前。指過去不確定的某個時間，總是放在句末，不受句型限制。 I have never heard of this singer before. (四) 延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞的用法 1. 現在完成時表示動作從過去某個時候開始一直持續(xù)到現在，而與一段時間連用時應注意居中的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞，而非延續(xù)性動詞不可以和一段時間連用。 I have left my hometown for 10 years. (

36、5;) I have been away from my hometown for 10 years. () I have bought this book for two days. (×) I have had this book for two days. () 2. 在否定句中，非延續(xù)性動詞可以與一段時間連用。 I havent gone to see him for several months. 3. 在肯定句中非延續(xù)性動詞與表時間段的狀語連用時可采用下述三種方法： 1) 將非延續(xù)性動詞轉化為延續(xù)性動詞 buy haveborrow keepopen be openclo

37、se be closed begin/start be on come be herego be therefinish be over die be deadput on wearget up be upwake up be awake fall asleep be asleeplose not havejoin be in leave be away arrive/reach becatch a cold have a cold 2) 將時間狀語改為過去時間，且用一般過去時代替現在完成時 3) 用句型“It is + 時間段+ since從句（從句的位謂語動詞為非延續(xù)性動詞的過去式）”表示

38、。 六、過去進行時 (一) 用法： 1. 表示過去某一時刻或一段時間正在進行的動作。常和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如then, at that time, this time yesterday, at ten yesterday等，或用另一動作來表示過去的時間。 What were you doing at three yesterday afternoon? I was playing basketball at that time. I was reading when my mother came in. 2. 過去進行時常和always等品讀副詞連用，表示過去頻繁發(fā)生的習慣性動作，此時

39、的過去進行時帶有一定的感情色彩。 Jack was always changing his mind. (二) 注意： 含有when或while引導的時間狀語從句的主從復合句中過去進行時的運用 1. 主句中的動作先于從句中的動作發(fā)生，且進行的時間較長時，主句用過去進行時（從句用一般過去時）； 2. 從句中的動作先于主句中的動作發(fā)生，且進行的時間較長時，從句用過去進行時（主句用一般過去時）； 3. 若主、從句動作開始時間不存在先后關系（即同時發(fā)生）或無所謂先后時，主、從句可同時使用過去進行時，此時的時間狀語從句一般由while來引出。 4. 注意：在上述情況下，若動詞為表示狀態(tài)的延續(xù)性動詞時，一

40、般都應用一般過去時，而不用過去進行時。 Luckily, when I went to see him, he was at home. 七、過去完成時 (一) 結構與用法： 過去完成時指的是過去某個時間已經完成的動作或狀態(tài)，概括地說即表示“過去的過去”。過去完成時的謂語動詞形式為“had + 動詞的過去分詞”。過去完成時在句中使用時一般有一個或暗含額發(fā)生在過去的動作與其比較，使用過去完成時的動詞動作在該過去的動作之前。 (二) 時間狀語：by last week, by the end of last year She had been away by the time I arrived.

41、 八、過去將來時 (一) 用法： 1. 表示從過去某一時間看將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用在賓語從句中，謂語由“would+動詞原形”構成。 He asked when the meeting would start. 2. go, come, leave, arrive, start等動詞，其過去進行時表示過去按計劃即將發(fā)生的動作。 He was going to start a new job when I saw him then. 附錄2：主謂一致 一、語法一致原則 主語和謂語通常是從語法形式上取得一致，即主語是單數形式，謂語動詞也采取單數形式；主語是復數形式，謂語動詞也采取復數形式。 1. 當and或bothand連接兩個或多個表示不同概念的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用_形式。 Both Lucy and Lily _ (be) students. 2. 不定代詞either, neither, each one, the other, another,