1、 連連 詞詞 conjunction連詞連詞(conjunction) 用于連接單詞、短語、從句用于連接單詞、短語、從句或句子，在句子中不單獨用作句子成分。或句子，在句子中不單獨用作句子成分。 連詞按其性質可分為連詞按其性質可分為_和和_并列連詞并列連詞從屬連詞從屬連詞一、并列連詞一、并列連詞 (Coordinating Conjunctions)屬性屬性連接詞連接詞典型例句典型例句并并列列關關系系and,bothand,not only.but also,neither.nor., or, or else,either.or.,otherwise Their car broke downha

2、lfway and they hadto stay in a small inn for the night. Either you or I ammad.一、并列連詞一、并列連詞 (Coordinating Conjunctions)屬性屬性連接詞連接詞典型例句典型例句轉折關系轉折關系but, yet, not but,while(對比對比)Mary was a nice girl, but she had one shortcoming.因果關系因果關系for(不能位于句不能位于句首首)，soSomeone is coming, for the dog is barking.考查重點考查重

3、點1：祈使句祈使句+ and/or+陳述句陳述句 考查考查_；考查考查_；考查陳述句謂語部分的考查陳述句謂語部分的_;祈使句祈使句+and+簡單句，相當于簡單句，相當于_條件句條件句+主句；主句； 祈使句祈使句+or+簡單句，相當于否定的條件句簡單句，相當于否定的條件句+主句主句連詞連詞 and/or前面祈使句前面祈使句時態時態if 1) Find ways to praise your children often, _ youll find they will open their hearts to you. 2) Start out right away, or you_ (miss)

4、 the first train. 3) Lets keep to the point _ we will never reach any decisions. 4) Dont be discouraged. _ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life. A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Takenandwill missorCPractice:考查重點考查重點2： not onlybut (also) “不但不但而且而且” （重心在（重心在_）連接相同的結構。連接相同的結構。 No

5、t only you but also I am right.Jacob is honored not only for what he has done, but (also)for what he is.后者后者 not onlybut also 連接并列分句時，連接并列分句時， 若若not only 位于句首，位于句首， 它所在分句謂語要它所在分句謂語要部分倒裝。部分倒裝。 Not only _I _(respect)my parents, but I also try to live up to their expectations. do respectNot only you bu

6、t also Cora _ (be)to blame for his accident.was not onlybut also 連接并列主語時，連接并列主語時， 謂語動詞就近原則。謂語動詞就近原則。另外：另外：由由either or, neithernor, notbut等連接等連接的并列主語的并列主語,謂語也與靠近的名詞、代詞在謂語也與靠近的名詞、代詞在“人稱、數人稱、數”上一致。上一致。考查重點考查重點3：otherwiseotherwise “否則，要不然否則，要不然” 試比較：試比較：1).We must be back before midnight, otherwise well

7、 be locked out.2).We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we would have telephoned him.注意：根據句意，其中的條件是真實的，注意：根據句意，其中的條件是真實的，就用就用陳述語氣陳述語氣；如果條件不是真實的就；如果條件不是真實的就用用虛擬語氣虛擬語氣。 Practice: 單選：單選： 1.The changes in the city will cost quite a lot, _they will save us money in the long run. A.or B. but C.for

8、 D. since 2. At school, some students are active _ some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another. A. while B. so C. although D. as 改錯：改錯： 1、Although he was ill, but he went to school. 2、Because there are no classes tomorrow，so they will go on a picnic. A B去掉去掉but去掉去掉so 介介 詞詞 prepositio

9、n介詞介詞（preposition），通常出現在名詞、名），通常出現在名詞、名詞詞組或代詞等之前。介詞短語在句中可以詞詞組或代詞等之前。介詞短語在句中可以做做_、_、_、_定語 狀語 補語 表語 The poor girl is in tears. 2. Make yourself at home. 3. Thanks to your advice, we completed the project on time. 4. I have lived in London since 2005. 5. The man next to Bill is from Spain. 6. We held a

10、 party in honor of our friends. 表語表語補語補語原因狀語原因狀語時間狀語時間狀語定語定語目的狀語目的狀語判斷下列句子中介詞短語做什么成分？判斷下列句子中介詞短語做什么成分？重點介詞重點介詞1：between根據例句總結根據例句總結between用法用法1).Whats the difference between the two words?2).There does not seem much difference between the three of them. Summary：between一般指一般指“兩者之間兩者之間”，還，還可以用來指三個或三個以

11、上的人或物的每兩可以用來指三個或三個以上的人或物的每兩個之間。個之間。 注意這些重點介詞注意這些重點介詞重點介詞重點介詞2：across:The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys, till at last it reaches the sea.Summary: across 與與on 有關，意為有關，意為from one side to the other side of (sth),表示動作在物體表示動作在物體的表面進行，從一邊到另一邊。的表

12、面進行，從一邊到另一邊。 與與 through 的區別：的區別：through與與in 有關有關, 表示動表示動作從物體中間穿過。作從物體中間穿過。用介詞用介詞 across, through 填空：填空：My house is just _ the street.Water will be pumped_ a pipe.Do you think this shirt is too tight_ the shoulders?此外，此外，across 與靜態動詞連用時表示與靜態動詞連用時表示“在在(街、街、河等河等)對面對面”或或“在在(身體某部位身體某部位)上上”以及以及“遍及遍及”的意思。如

13、：的意思。如： The school is across the river. He has a giant scar across his chest. Her family is scattered across the country.acrossthroughacrossagainst 意為意為“反對反對”，還有，還有“倚靠，逆著，相倚靠，逆著，相反，在反，在的襯托下，的襯托下， 與與比賽比賽”等意思。注等意思。注意：表示意：表示“贊成贊成”的介詞是的介詞是for與與in favour of 同義同義翻譯：翻譯：1.Thats against the law.2.She was for

14、ced to marry against her will.3.The skiers red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.那是違法的。她被迫違心的嫁了人滑雪者的紅衣服在雪的襯托下顯得分外醒目重點介詞重點介詞3：against重點介詞重點介詞4： with總結下面句子里總結下面句子里with的含義：的含義：1). Kill two birds with one stone.2).I dont have any money with me.3). People tend to grow more patient with age.4).Yo

15、u shouldnt talk with food in your mouth.5). She was shivering with cold.用用(工具，手段，材料工具，手段，材料)因為因為隨著隨著在在狀況下狀況下帶著帶著注意：注意：with為介詞為介詞“隨著隨著”之意，后接名詞之意，后接名詞或名詞短語或名詞短語as與與with同義，后接從句。同義，后接從句。用用 with, as 填空填空(1)_ the day went on，the weather got worse.(2)_ the production up by 60%，the company had had another e

16、xcellent year.AsWith重點介詞重點介詞 5：by1.通過短語理解通過短語理解by的含義：的含義：learn by heart by way ofby profession by lawby the hourby far by check記牢記牢經由經由在職業上在職業上按照法律按照法律按小時按小時到目前為止到目前為止2.翻譯：翻譯：1).By the time this letter reaches you I will have left the country.你收到信時，我已離開這個國家。你收到信時，我已離開這個國家。用支票用支票2).Houses prices went

17、 up by 10%3).I took him by the hand.4).The old man made a living by selling newspapers.房價上漲了房價上漲了10%我拉著他的手我拉著他的手老人靠賣報紙謀生老人靠賣報紙謀生重點介詞重點介詞 6. beyond1). She has a salary beyond your wildest dreams.2). Put the bottle beyond Alices reach.3).My house is just beyond the river.4)Theres nothing in my room be

18、yond a bed and a telephone.Summary：在在的那一邊；（時間，年齡，的那一邊；（時間，年齡，期待等）超過；（能力，程度）超出，期待等）超過；（能力，程度）超出，為為所不能及；所不能及； 除除之外之外Practice：1).Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain_ an inch.A. by B. at C. to D. From2). It was a pity that the great writer died his works unfinished. A.for B.with C.from D.of3

19、). Sorry, Madam.Youd better come tomorrow because its the visiting hours. A.during B.at C.beyond D.beforeABC4). This new model of car is so expensive that it is the reach of those with average incomes. A.over B.within C.beyond D.below5) You are so lucky. What do you mean that？A. for B. in C. of D. b

20、yCDat的用法的用法:表示時間的一點，時刻等表示時間的一點，時刻等,如：如： at12:00, at noon, at night, at midnight, at dusk, at dawn, at sunrise/sunsetin的用法的用法:表示在某段較長的時間內（如表示在某段較長的時間內（如:世紀、世紀、年代、朝代、月份以及泛指上午、下午和傍年代、朝代、月份以及泛指上午、下午和傍晚等）如：晚等）如： in the 1980s, in 1979, in the Qing dynasty, in Qctober, in the morning/afternoon/evening1. 表示

21、時間的介詞表示時間的介詞 at, in, on注意這些介詞的區別：注意這些介詞的區別：on的用法：的用法：1)表示具體的日子或一個特定的時間表示具體的日子或一個特定的時間,如如:on Monday, on a rainy day, on National Day 等等 2)表示特定的上午、下午或晚上，表示特定的上午、下午或晚上， 如：如： on the morning of January the third, on the afternoon of his arrival等等Practice:在星期天上午在星期天上午_ 在三月初在三月初_在兒童節在兒童節_在在19世紀世紀20年代年代_On

22、Sunday morningin early March on Childrens Dayin the 1820s “ in + 段時間段時間”與與將來時將來時連用連用 “ after + 段時間段時間”與與過去時過去時連用連用 “ after + 點時間點時間”與與將來時將來時連用連用Practice : My mother will come back _ three or four days. He arrived _ five months. She will appear _ five oclock this afternoon.inafterafter2. in, after表示表

23、示 “以后以后”3. for, since表時間時表時間時for后接時間段；后接時間段；since后接時間點后接時間點1)Tom has been doing his homework since seven oclock.2)I have worked here for three years.True or False：1). Now Mr.Brown lives in London. He lived America for almost fifteen years 2). I hadnt heard from him since last year. TFhavent4.during,

24、 through, over表示時間表示時間用用during, through, over 填空填空1).He often falls asleep _the class.2).The children are too young to sit _the concert.3).We had a pleasant chat _a cup of tea.Summary: during表示在表示在期間或者在期間或者在期間的期間的某個時候某個時候; through表示自始至終；直到，一表示自始至終；直到，一直到；直到； over表示在表示在期間；一邊期間；一邊一邊一邊duringthroughover

25、Practice:1). Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you _ the tough years. A. through B. up C. withD. from2). Im sorry I didnt phone you, but Ive been very busy_ the past couple of weeks. A. beyond B. with C. among D. over3). They stayed with me for two weeks, _they drank all the b

26、eer I had. A. for which B. which time C. during which time D. for which timeADC6.until/tilltill與與until同義，但不如同義，但不如until正式正式,句首常用句首常用until.表示持續的動作或狀態在某一刻結束。表示持續的動作或狀態在某一刻結束。掌握句型：掌握句型：“直到直到才才”notuntil It was not until thatNot until主句倒裝主句倒裝Practice:1). Not until the early years of the 19th century_ (ma

27、n know) what heat is. 2).It was not until 8 oclock in the morning_(妹妹才起床妹妹才起床)did man knowthat my sister got up.besides “除除之外還有之外還有”，包括在內；，包括在內；except “除除之外之外” 不包括在內；不包括在內；except for “除了除了”，它所敘述的事實或細節，它所敘述的事實或細節部分用來修正句子的主要意思；部分用來修正句子的主要意思；other than “除除之外之外”,通常用于否定句通常用于否定句;but “除了除了”用于用于no, any, eve

28、ry, all, last, next等限等限定詞和定詞和who, where, what等疑問詞之后。等疑問詞之后。7. besides, except, except for, other than,but “除了除了” I cant eat anything _porridge. _ Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film. _ was covered in the newspaper, he knew nothing about the accident. Theres nothing to do _ wait. Your composition

29、is good _ some spelling mistakes.BesidesExcept whatbutPractice：other thanexcept foras 指身份、資格，指身份、資格， 意為意為“作為作為”， like用于說明相似關系，即兩者在形態或特性上用于說明相似關系，即兩者在形態或特性上有相似之處，但并不等同。有相似之處，但并不等同。用用as, like 填空填空1)_most students，she was always prepared and never came to class late.2)_ the chief engineer，you should an

30、swer for this terrible accident.LikeAs8.as，like“for + 一段時間或距離一段時間或距離”中的中的for 常被省略常被省略1).The rain lasted (for) a whole afternoon.2). The desert stretches (for) thousands of miles.注意：注意：for 在在否定句中否定句中或或句首時句首時不可省略：不可省略：1).We havent seen each other for a long time.2). For a whole month, there is no rain

31、.1. for 的省略的省略注意這介詞省略的情況：注意這介詞省略的情況：be busy (in) doinghave difficulty/ trouble (in) doinghave a good time (in) doinghave fun (in) doingwaste (in) doingspend (in) doingstop/prevent sb (from) doing sth2. ing結構前介詞的省略結構前介詞的省略 this morning, that day, every Sunday last month; each week; any day;all day; n

32、ext day/week; one day ;some day 3.在在 last, next, this, that, one, each, every, some, any, all 開頭的表示時間的短語之前的開頭的表示時間的短語之前的 at, on, in 通常要省略。如：通常要省略。如：1). 動詞不定式作定語時，動詞不定式作定語時， 如果所修飾的名如果所修飾的名詞在邏輯上與不定式有動賓關系，詞在邏輯上與不定式有動賓關系， 不及物不及物動詞構成的不定式后要加上相應的介詞。動詞構成的不定式后要加上相應的介詞。The poor man has no room to live in.注意不要

33、漏掉介詞的情況注意不要漏掉介詞的情況2) 在定語從句中，如果關系代詞是從句謂語在定語從句中，如果關系代詞是從句謂語動詞的賓語，而這個動詞是不及物動詞，或動詞的賓語，而這個動詞是不及物動詞，或介詞與關系代詞一起表示時間，地點等時，介詞與關系代詞一起表示時間，地點等時，都要有相應的介詞。都要有相應的介詞。 I dont know the man my father talked to just now. Ill never forget the day on which I saw Premier Zhou for the first time. attend attend tojoinjoin in believebelieve in出席會議等出席會議等注意注意,照顧照顧參加（組織）參加（組織）參加活動參加活動相信相信的話的話信任信任注意一介之差，意義不同注意一介之差，意義不同Practice：1). He will nev