1、掌握本課重點詞掌握本課重點詞掌握災難類常用表達方法掌握災難類常用表達方法學習本課課文學習本課課文學習定語從句學習定語從句earthquake (n)地震地震quake-tremble-shake-shock震動震動-顫動顫動-搖搖動動-震驚震驚crack (n; vt, vi)裂縫，震裂裂縫，震裂smelly (a) -smell (v) 發臭的發臭的-聞聞farmyard (n)農場，農家農場，農家pipe (n)管道管道burst (vi, n)爆發爆發,突然破裂突然破裂burst in/into突然進入突然進入burst out冒出冒出burstexplore-erupt炸開炸開爆炸爆炸

2、-爆爆發發million-billion百萬百萬-十億十億event (n)事件，事變事件，事變event-affair-thing常考完型常考完型大事大事-繁雜的事繁雜的事物物-事情統稱事情統稱as if= as though好像（分清虛擬與好像（分清虛擬與非虛擬非虛擬)at an end=finished結束，終結結束，終結at the end of在在結束時結束時by the end of到到結束時結束時in the end最后最后nation (n)國家，民族國家，民族nation-country-state民族民族-國家國家-政權政權canal (n)運河運河steam (n)蒸汽，

3、蒸汽，dirt (n) dirty (a)污垢，泥土污垢，泥土-臟的臟的ruin (n; vt)廢墟廢墟;毀滅毀滅;使破產使破產in ruins倒塌，破敗不堪倒塌，破敗不堪lead to sbs ruin使某人破產，身使某人破產，身敗名裂敗名裂fall into ruin衰落衰落suffering c (a)困難困難,痛苦痛苦sufferings u苦難的事情苦難的事情suffer from遭受遭受(無被動無被動)extreme (a)極度的極度的extremely (ad)極度地極度地injure (vt)損害，傷害損害，傷害injure-hurt-wound-harm身體身體-精神精神/身

4、體身體-傷口傷口-傷害傷害survival (n)-survivor幸存幸存u幸存幸存者者csurvive (vt) (vi)逃生；幸存逃生；幸存destroy (vt)徹底毀壞徹底毀壞destroy-damage-ruin毀滅毀滅-毀壞毀壞-對對希望的破壞希望的破壞destruction (n)毀滅毀滅brick-block磚磚塊塊dam (n)大壩大壩track （n）軌道軌道,足跡足跡,痕跡痕跡back on track重新步入正軌重新步入正軌keep track of掌握掌握線索線索lose track of與與失去聯系失去聯系useless (a)無用的無用的shock (n, vt

5、, vi)休克休克,(使使)震驚震驚,Sb be shocked at某人對某人對感到震驚感到震驚shocking (a)震驚的震驚的rescue (n; vt)營救營救rescuers=rescue men救援人員救援人員come / go to ones rescue來挽救某人來挽救某人rescue team 救援隊救援隊disaster (n)災難，災禍災難，災禍trap (n；vt)(使使)陷阱，困境陷阱，困境trap-track-trick陷阱陷阱-軌跡軌跡-詭計詭計be trapped in.陷入陷入之中之中dig out 挖掘挖掘,發現發現digital (a)數字的數字的,數碼

6、的數碼的bury (vt)埋葬埋葬,掩埋掩埋,隱藏隱藏bury oneself in沉浸于沉浸于Sb be buried in沉浸于沉浸于mine (n)礦，礦山礦，礦山miner礦工礦工shelter (n,vt)避難所避難所,遮掩遮掩a bus shelter公共汽車亭公共汽車亭shelter sb from把某人從把某人從.庇護庇護under the shelter of在在庇護下庇護下give sb shelter給某人庇護給某人庇護a great number of大量的大量的title (n)文章標題，頭銜文章標題，頭銜headline (n)新聞標題新聞標題reporter (n

7、)記者記者bar (n)條，棒，條狀物條，棒，條狀物a bar of chocolate一塊巧克力一塊巧克力damage (n,vt)損失，損害損失，損害frighten (vt)=scare使驚嚇；嚇唬使驚嚇；嚇唬frightening=scaring讓人害怕的讓人害怕的frightened=scared某人對某人對恐懼恐懼Sb be afraid=sb fear1某人擔心，某人擔心，2恐怕恐怕congratulations !恭喜恭喜judge (n, vt)法官，審批法官，審批,判決判決judging by/from(無無ed)由由判斷判斷Judging by his account,

8、he comes from Henan從口音判斷，他來從口音判斷，他來自河南自河南(獨立結構獨立結構)sincerely (ad)真誠地，誠摯真誠地，誠摯sincere (a)真誠的真誠的express (vt,n)表示，表達；表示，表達；快車，快遞快車，快遞outline (n) 大綱，要點大綱，要點cyclist (n)騎自行車的人騎自行車的人rise (vt, vi)抬高，養育；抬高，養育；升起，價格水升起，價格水位上升位上升tooto肯定用法肯定用法非常想非常想做做wonder (vt)疑惑，懷疑疑惑，懷疑reach (vt,vi)常見意思總結常見意思總結last (vt)持續持續be

9、 proud of為為而自豪而自豪give out發出光，熱等發出光，熱等;公布，分發公布，分發Unit 4 Earthquake 1. rise (rise、rose、risen ) vi. (指日月星辰煙等的指日月星辰煙等的)升起，水位價格溫度的上升升起，水位價格溫度的上升 =go up ; 起身起身=get up n.增加增加 增長增長 起伏起伏=increaseraise vt. 抬高抬高 提高提高 養育養育 飼養（有被動）飼養（有被動）1. The sun rises in the east. 2. He rose from his chair and began his speec

10、h.3. There has been a sharp rise in the number of people out of work.7. His job is raising chickens. 8. They _ their arms and waved to us with joy. A rose B raised B4. Prices continue to rise.6.The price of the tomatoes has been _ recently.raised5.Her temperature is still_.risingsmelly : smell+ y =

11、adj. smell n./v (smelt/ smelled)2. A _ gas came _ _ the cracks.smellyout of health wealth 裂縫里冒出臭氣。擴展: n.+y構成形容詞 blood- mud- sun- cloud- rain- wind- taste- dream- ice- greed- fat- fog-3. burst vi.vt. (burst-burst-burst) 使某物爆炸，脹破，爆破, 破裂burst in/into a door/ room /building 突然進入門/房間/大樓1. 他沒有敲門就突然進入房間.He

12、 burst into the room without knocking at the door.The plane crashed and burst into flames.2.飛機墜毀起火了.All of them burst out laughing/crying /singing.3. 他們全都突然笑起來/哭起來/唱起來.=All of them burst into laughter/tears/songs.burst into sth. = burst out doing 突然起來burst out +v-ing :suddenly begin doing sth擴展擴展: b

13、urst into leafburs into flower長出葉子長出葉子開花開花n. a burst of .一陣一陣. a burst of laughter /thunder /applause(歡呼）歡呼）4. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.think little of these events 對這些情況幾乎沒有怎么對這些情況幾乎沒有怎么去考慮、沒當一回事去考慮、沒當一回事think little

14、 of think nothing of think badly/poorly /ill of think well/much / highly/a lot/ a great deal of 對對看法不好，評價很低看法不好，評價很低不重視，忽視不重視，忽視認為沒什么認為沒什么對對重視重視/高度評價高度評價1.校長對你的進步評價很高校長對你的進步評價很高。The headmaster thought highly of your progress.think of 想起，考慮想起，考慮5. It seemed as if the world was at an end. 世界似乎到了末日。世界似

15、乎到了末日。as if = as though 好像好像 引出方式狀語從句引出方式狀語從句 She spoke to me as if she knew me. 她和我說話的神情，好像她早就認識我她和我說話的神情，好像她早就認識我 似的。似的。 as if 在表語從句中相當于在表語從句中相當于that: It seemed as if/that the meeting would never end. 看看起來會議沒完沒了。起來會議沒完沒了。1)虛擬語氣（說話者主觀想象或夸大的比喻）虛擬語氣（說話者主觀想象或夸大的比喻）2)陳述語氣陳述語氣,時態一致時態一致When a pencil is p

16、artly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken 當鉛筆一部分放進水里，看起來好像折斷了似的。當鉛筆一部分放進水里，看起來好像折斷了似的。(虛擬虛擬) It looks as if its going to rain 看樣子天要下雨了。看樣子天要下雨了。(陳述語氣陳述語氣)（是事實或可能性很大是事實或可能性很大）as if 后的從句可用兩種語氣后的從句可用兩種語氣6. at an end= finished 結束，終結（作表語）結束，終結（作表語） We were very happy when the work was at a

17、n end.Compare: at the end of by the end of in the endat the end of “在在盡頭；在盡頭；在末末” by the end of “到到/截止截止末末”；主句一般用完成主句一般用完成時時in the end 意思意思“最后、終于最后、終于”= at last/ finally 1. Wash your hands _ the experiment.at the end of2. How many English words had you learned _ last term?by the end of3. He tried va

18、rious jobs and_ became a teacher.in the endbring/put an end to 使終止使終止come to an end. 結束結束end up with 以以.而告終而告終其他詞組：其他詞組：The job came to an end last month.Her sudden arrival put an end to their meeting.她的忽然來到使他們的會議終止了。At the dinner we usually begin with soup and end up with fruit.在宴會上，開始的一道菜通常是湯，最后的一

19、道是水果。7.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的15秒鐘內，一座大城市就沉淪在一片廢墟之中。 lie( lay lain) 處于某種狀態;躺，平躺，平臥 平放1.The whole factory has lain waste for many years.整個工廠多年來一直荒蕪在那里。2. He let the farm go to ruin.他讓農場敗落了。go to ruin = fall into ruin 衰落衰落, 敗落敗落lie/be in ruins 成為廢墟成為廢墟in ruins 荒蕪的荒蕪的

20、,成為廢墟成為廢墟,一般用作表語或狀語一般用作表語或狀語An earthquake left the whole town in ruins.His career is in ruins .1. The city _ (成為廢墟）成為廢墟）after the war.lay/was in ruins口訣口訣:規則的規則的“撒謊撒謊”，不規，不規則的則的“躺躺”，躺，躺過就過就“下蛋下蛋”。 (lie當當“說謊說謊”用，它的過去式用，它的過去式和過去分詞都為和過去分詞都為lied，而當，而當“躺躺”用時，它的過去用時，它的過去式為式為“下蛋下蛋”即即lay) 中文中文 原形原形過過 去去 式式過

21、去過去分分詞詞現在現在分分詞詞說明說明放置放置產產卵卵laylaidlaidlaying及物動及物動詞詞躺躺;位于位于lielaylainlying不及物不及物動詞動詞說謊說謊 lieliedliedlying不及物不及物動詞動詞8分數的表示法分數的表示法分子分母基數詞序數詞分子大于一，分母用復數分子大于一，分母用復數三分之一三分之一one- third五分之三五分之三 three-fifthstwo and three-fifths ? a quarter ？ Two thirds of the land is covered by forest.2. One fifth of the st

22、udents in this class are girls1. 三分之二的陸地為森林所覆蓋三分之二的陸地為森林所覆蓋這個班里五分之一的學生是女生這個班里五分之一的學生是女生3.More than 61% of the surface of the earth _ covered by water.4. Seventy percent of the workers in this factory _ young.isare口頭翻譯口頭翻譯:李平的弟弟年紀太小而不能參軍。李平的弟弟年紀太小而不能參軍。Li Pings brother is too young to join the army.=

23、Li Pings brother is not old enough to join .聽到這個消息他緊張地說不出話來。聽到這個消息他緊張地說不出話來。Hearing the good news,he was too nervous to speak. In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.9.tooto 太太以至于不能以至于不能 (表否定表否定)“tooto”結構之前帶有結構之前帶有only,but,never,not,時，時，是強調是強調肯定肯定的表示法，譯作的表示法，譯作“非常非常”

24、“十分十分”“實在實在”真是太真是太”等等I am only too happy to teach you.我非常高興教你們。我非常高興教你們。He is but too glad to do so他非常喜歡這樣做他非常喜歡這樣做You can never be too old to enjoy a song.我們絕對不會老得不能享受歌曲帶來的歡樂我們絕對不會老得不能享受歌曲帶來的歡樂Tooto. 結構中帶有表示結構中帶有表示心情心情或或描繪性描繪性的的adj/adv時也表達肯定含義時也表達肯定含義Eg. ready, eager, satisfied, kind, willing, anxi

25、ous etcShe is too ready to help other.他樂于助人。他樂于助人。I am too eager to have a world trip.我很想去環球旅行我很想去環球旅行10. hurt injure wound 指肉體上，也可指精神上的指肉體上，也可指精神上的傷害也可指傷害也可指“疼痛，痛苦疼痛，痛苦”指由于意外或事故而受傷指由于意外或事故而受傷指外傷，如槍傷指外傷，如槍傷,刀傷刀傷,劍傷劍傷,尤尤指在戰斗中受傷指在戰斗中受傷1.He fell off the bicycle and his arm.3. My knees and my feet hurt

26、too.injuredhurtHis words _her feelings.It _the eyes to read in the sun.More than 200 people were _in the car accident.The soldiers were _-in the battle.hurthurtsinjuredwounded11.shock n.震驚震驚 打擊打擊 His sudden death was a great shock to his family.shock vt. 使震驚使震驚 使震動使震動shock 震驚的用法 People _ (shock). 我們

27、對這個消息感到震驚。were shockedWe _ the news.were shocked at The news is _(shock)shocking 表示情感的動詞 excite, surprise, interest, bore, move, shock, disappoint, satisfy,(驚訝，興趣，乏味，感動， 失望 ，滿意）變為形容詞時可加ing(指物）或加ed (指人）考點考點 last在此句中意為在此句中意為“持續，延續持續，延續”。可單獨使用，也可后接可單獨使用，也可后接for +一段時間一段時間（for可以省略）。可以省略）。The meeting _(持續

28、）持續）two hours. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. 12. last 持續lastedIt is no wonder (that )= No wonder (that)，難怪，怪不得13.People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.wonder vt. 想知道，對-感到懷疑Wonder +wh從句Wonder +if/whetherShe wondered what the child was doing.-Tom often work

29、s deep into the night every day.-No wonder he always gets first in the examinations.14. rescue n. 搭救；解救搭救；解救;營救營救The rescue team reached the mines at once after the accident happened.v. 解救；救出；營救解救；救出；營救He rescued the man from drowning.rescue workers = rescuers n.rescue team救援隊come / go to ones rescu

30、e來援救某人We _ （來救他）and pulled him out of the lake.came to his rescue15. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400 000.傷亡的人數達到400 000.He sent his son to join the army as soon as he reached 18.Your letter of August 24 only reached me today.Weve got to reach an agreement about

31、this question.The boy wasnt tall enough to reach the branches.The park reaches as far as the river.達到達到(指某種數目指某種數目)抵達抵達,傳到傳到達成達成(協議協議)得出得出(結論結論)伸手夠到伸手夠到(某物某物)vi.延伸延伸某地發生地震的表達法：Another big quake ,which is as strong as the first one _Tangshan.shook2008年5月12日下午2點28分四川發生了大地震。A big earthquake _Sichuan _2

32、:28 _ May12,2008. shook / hitaton16. shake - shook - shaken 搖動 ,震動,顫動shake sbs hand /shake hands with sb 握手握手 shake ones head搖頭搖頭 shake with anger氣得發抖氣得發抖 不是所有希望都破滅了。不是所有希望都破滅了。allnot = not all該句為部分否定該句為部分否定 表示全部否定：表示全部否定： no one, none, nobody, nothing, notany, 以及以及“no+名詞名詞” 17. All hope was not los

33、t.= Not all hope was lost.不是所有的孩子都被留下了。不是所有的孩子都被留下了。不是所有的孩子都吵鬧。不是所有的孩子都吵鬧。Not all the children are left.(= Only some of them left early.)Not all the children are noisy.(= Some of the children are not noisy.) All the students do not agree to the plan.= Not all the students agree to the plan.18. buryv

34、t. 埋葬埋葬; 葬葬 The boy buried the dead bird in the backyard. 男孩們把死鳥埋在后院。男孩們把死鳥埋在后院。vt. 使沉浸（或專心于）使沉浸（或專心于） be buried in= bury oneself in埋頭于埋頭于; 專專心于心于 be buried in thought 沉思沉思bury oneself in study 埋頭研究；專心學習埋頭研究；專心學習19. To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 people were rescued from the coal mines

35、.To the north ofrescuedto/ on/ in1.Japan is _ the east of China.2.Taiwan is _ the southeast of China.3. Mongolia is _ the north of China.toinon/to20.Tens of thousands of cows never give milk again數以萬計的奶牛再也不產奶了數以萬計的奶牛再也不產奶了 tens of thousands of 數以萬計的數以萬計的 hundreds and hundreds of 成百上千的成百上千的 hundreds

36、of thousands 數以十萬計的數以十萬計的 thousands of 數千計的數千計的 millions of 數百萬計的數百萬計的 scores of 許許多多的許許多多的 dozens of 許多，大量許多，大量 22.表示許多的短語及用法表示許多的短語及用法只接可數名詞的有：只接可數名詞的有：a large/great number of a good/great many a good/great many of the/these/those/ones只接不可數名詞的有：只接不可數名詞的有：a great deal of a large amount of既可接可數名詞又既可

37、接可數名詞又可接不可數名詞的有：可接不可數名詞的有： a lot of lots of plenty of a large/great quantity of Unit 4 Earthquake Reading Language points Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. Farmers noticed that the well wal

38、ls had deep(deeply是什么意思?) cracks in them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In the farmyards, the chicken and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide(為何是looking?什么作用?詳見難句分析1). Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. At about 3:00 am on July 2

39、8, 1976(時間的寫法), some people saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes cloud be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events(

40、什么從句?去掉影響理解嗎?), were asleep as usual that night. At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end(是虛擬語氣嗎?詳見難句分析2). Eleven kilometers directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20th century had begun(瞬間動詞是可以用于完成時的). It was felt in Beijing, which is more than t

41、wo hundred kilometers away. one-third of the nation(復習分數的一致問題) felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long the thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals(請分析此句的主句). Steam burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a larg

42、e city lay in ruins(變成廢墟). The suffering of the people was extreme(這個詞用的太好了). Two-thirds of them died or were injured(注意die 與be injured的用法)during the earthquake. Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or injured reached mor

43、e than 400,000. But how could the survivors believe it was natural? Everywhere (相當于wherever,詳見難句分析3)they looked nearly everything was destroyed. All of the citys hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone(注意go的積累). Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. N

44、o wind, however, (注意however的位置)could blow them away(吹走). Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel(注意量詞的修飾）. Tens of thousands of cows(好幾萬頭奶牛)would never give milk again. Half a million pigs and millions of ch

45、ickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells (fill sth充滿; be filled with用充滿) instead of water. People were shocked. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. More build

46、ings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. All hope was not lost(部分否定,詳見難句分析4). Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers (send sb to). Hundreds of thousands of people were

47、 helped. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped(注意定語從句中的被動) and to bury the dead. To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. (定語從句whose能指代什么,詳見難句分析5). Fresh water

48、 was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.1. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.老鼠從田地里跑出來找地方藏身。句子分析：句子分析：句中的looking是現在分詞作伴隨狀語。現在分詞作伴隨狀語時，表示分詞動作與句子的主語之間是主動關系，且與謂語動詞同時發生，多數情況下可改為“and并列謂語動詞”。Mice ran out of the fields looking for places

49、 to hide.=Mice ran out the field and looked for places to hide仿寫：仿寫： (1) 她躺在床上，整夜未眠，回想著當天發生的事情。_(2) 他頓時淚水奪眶而出，沖出門外尋求幫助。(burst, rush out )_ She lay awake all night, recalling the events of the day.He burst into tears, rushing out of the door to seek help.2. It seemed as if the world was at an end！仿佛到了世界末日！句子分析：句子分析：It seemed as if/that.似乎；好像。根據從句所說情況是可能的還是假設的，而采用陳述或虛擬語氣。這相當于seem to do sth.。如：It seems that he is quite happy.= He seems to be quite happy. 他看起來好像很開心。仿寫：仿寫： (1) 我童年的一切仿佛剛剛發生一樣。_(2