1、On EC Translation of “Agreements and Memorandums of Chinese Foreign Cooperation in Running School 李曉宇張曉【Abstract】Withtheaimofintroducinghigh-qualityeducationalresourcesfromforeigneducationalinstitutions，ChinaencouragesthedevelopmentofSino-foreigncooperationinrunningschoolstomakeupforthedomesticeduca

2、tionaldeficienciesinaspectsofteaching，scientificresearchandmanagement.Forensuringtheprojectsgoingasplanned，agreementsandmemorandumshereinafterreferredtoas“AaMareneededtostateduties，responsibilitiesandrunningmodels.Thispaperelaboratesfeaturesofthisliterarystyleandoffersspecifictranslationmethodswitha

3、nalysisoftypicalexamplesundertheguidanceofNidasfunctionalequivalencetheory.【Keywords】agreementsormemorandums；stylisticfeatures；functionalequivalence【作者簡介】李曉宇，張曉，山東醫學高等?？茖W校。1.FeaturesofAaM.Asthetextbeforeofficialcontract，AaMofChinese-foreigncooperationprojectsownsfeaturesoflegalEnglishinstructure，voc

4、abularyandotherslevels1RegularStructure.Comparedwithcontracts，agreementsofcooperativeeducationoperationmodelshavemorefreedominbothstructureandcontent.Itconsistsoffourparts：name，preface，mainbodyandtheend.Thenameshowsthenamesofthecooperativeparties；prefaceincludesthenamesofcooperativepartiesandthesite

5、；mainbodycontainstheprofessionalcontent，rights，obligationsandthevalidperiodoftheagreement；theendisthesignatureandsigningdate.Someagreementsaremoredetailedandsupplementedwithresponsibilityforagreementbreachanddisputeresolution.2Professionalwords.AllthewordsusedintheAaMareprofessionalandprecisewithout

6、dissentorambiguity.Eachclausehasthepotentialofbeingthedivisionofliability，whichconcernstheinterestsofbothpartiesanddetermineswhethertheircooperationcansmooth.Eg：ST：renewedTT：續約.Acolleagueproposesinqualitycontrolsegmentthatitshouldbe“續展，whichisinappropriatehereafterdiscussing.3Regularform.Thecontento

7、fAaMisalwaysillustratedintheformofclauses，whichismainlycausedbyrigorousandlogicalrepresentation，especiallyinthepartsof“trainingobjectivesand“educationmanagementmodel.Eg：ST：TheTrainingObjectivesforStudents1Becomingnursingtalentswithinternationalnursingphilosophy2Toservethedevelopmentofthenursingindus

8、tryinChinaTT：學生培養目的。1具有國際理念的護理人才。2有利于中國護理行業開展的護理人才。Intheabovesegmentofagreement，itcanbeseenthateachsentenceisshortbutwithparallelstructuresandclearmeanings.Bothsemanticequivalenceandformalequivalenceshouldbedonewhentranslating.Generallyspeaking，thestylisticfeaturesofsuchtextareneatdiscourse，clearhie

9、rarchy，independentcontent，symmetricalstructure，andprecisemeaning.2.Casesanalysisfromlexicallevel，syntaxlevelanddiscourselevel.Aslegaldocumentspecifiestherespectiveobligationsandresponsibilities，thetranslationmustfullyexpresstheintentionoftheoriginal，butthisdoesnotmeanthattranslationmustbedonewordfor

10、wordwithoutanychange.UndertheguidanceofNidasfunctionalequivalencetheory，translationshouldfulfillthepurposeofbeingstrictandaccurate，closetotheoriginalpurpose，andalsosatisfythefunctionalneedofthetargetlanguagereaders.ThefollowingpartanalysesfromlexicalLevel，syntaxlevelanddiscourselevelwithseveralexamp

11、les.1ThevocabularyofAaMismainlyformalinordertodemonstrateformalityandseriousness.Inancientpoems，thefollowingonesareoftenseen：wheras，notwithstanding，thereafter.Eg：WHERASYYYCOLLEGEisanAmericancollegewithexpertiseinthedevelopmentofinnovativecoursesandprograms“Wherasisaconjunctiontocontrasttwofacts.Itha

12、sthemeaningof“反之and“然而，butitistranslatedinto“鑒于fortheintroductionpartofformaldocuments.Intranslation，vocabularywithtotalequivalenceincludesspecialtermsandterminology，suchas：reservestheright-具有最終解釋權.Inaddition，thetranslationofinstitutionnamesisneededtobesuretheyexistinreal.Eg：ST：JinanIntermediatePeop

13、lesCourtofShandongProvinceTT：山東省濟南市中級人民法院.Thetranslationofinstitutionnamesmaybevarious，sowemustchooseamongtheminviewofcontextandreality.Inpracticesoftranslation，whatbotherusishowtofindthecorrespondingmeaninginthetargetlanguage.Eg：ST：Radiography.TT：醫學影像.Radiographyhastheconnotationsof“造影，“攝像and“放射學.A

14、mongthecatalogofmajorsinPartyB，thereisno“放射學but“醫學影像.Nidaonceproposesthatformalequivalencewillleadinformationtobedistorted，thustheequivalentnameinPartyBsmajoris“醫學影像.ModalverbsarecommoninAaMlike“shall，“willand“may.Althoughagreementshaveforcefulbindingonparties，wedonotchoosemodalverbswithstronginstru

15、ctforexpressingfriendlyattitude.Eg：ST：TheProgrammemaysetupappropriatedepartmentstobeinchargeofanyspecificaspectoftheProgramme.TT：合作工程可設相應的部門，負責各方面的工作?！癕ayistoillustratetherightorprivilegeofoneparty.Themoodof“mayisweakerthan“shall，soitistranslatedinto“可.2Fromthesyntacticlevel，thebiggestcharacteristic

16、ofAaMisconcise，clearandlogicallytight.Fixedpatternsoftenappear.FixedtranslationisalwaysequivalenttoST：Eg：ST：ShandongXXXCollegeandYYYUniversityagreetoestablishclosecooperationtotrainqualifiedinternationalpersonnelbasedonbenefitingeachotherwithaviewoffriendshipandequality.TT：甲乙雙方本著友好、平等、互惠互利的原那么，就結合培養

17、國際型人才合作事宜達成協議如下：.Theaboveisauniversalsentence.RememberingthiskindofsentencesinmindsavestranslatingtimeandavoidsthemistakesinTT.3Fromdiscourselevel，themostprominentfeatureishighlystylizedandthevariouscomponentsaresemanticallycoherentandcohesiveintheform.Firstly，AaMownstheobviousfunctionoftube，andther

18、ealizationofthisfunctionisdependentonthestrictformandtechnicaltermsLiYunxing，2000.Intermsofcontent，itisrigorous，euphemisticandobjectivewithoutanypersonalfeelings.Eg：ST：ArticleIRangeoftheCooperationa.NursingStudents2+2BachelorDegree.b.NursingStudents3+2MasterDegree.TT：一、項目內容。1護理專業二加二可獲學士學位。2護理專業三加二可獲

19、碩士學位。Analysis：Thispartiswithcharacteristicsasformsofclauses，layersofnarrativestructure，parallelarchitecturesformedbyinfinitives.Accordingtofunctionalequivalencetheory，“一、工程內容and“1.2.isinstrictaccordancewiththe“ArticleIand“a.b.Secondly，thetextfunctionofdiscoursecanbereflectedbycohesionmethods.Accordi

20、ngtoHallidyandHassan1976inthebookof“CohesioninEnglish，cohesioncanbedividedintoreference，substitution，ellipsis，conjunctionandlexicalcohesion.Grammaticalcohesionplaysaveryimportantroleintherelativelystableandformaltext，sosomecommoncohesionmethodswillbediscussedinthefollowing.1Reference.Thecohesionisin

21、dicatedbydemonstrativereferencewithoutpersonalreference，suchas“that，those，here，thereof.2EllipsisandSubstitutionrefertoomitsomecomponents.Thereisnodifferencebetweenellipsisandsubstitutionfundamentally，sotheomissioncanberegardedasazerosubstitution.NominalellipsisiscommoninthetranslationofAaM.Eg：ST：INW

22、ITNESSWHEROFthePartieshaveexecutedthisAgreementasofthedatefirstabovewritten.TT：本協議書自雙方當事人簽署之日起生效?！癆bovereferstothewholeagreement，inthetargettextitistranslatedintothe“本協議書notitswordmeaning.Generally，inordertomakethetranslationclearer，nominalsubstitutionofthewordshouldbereplacdbythecorrespondingnounsi

23、nthetargettext.3Conjunction.Avarietyofconnectionmakesthecontextclearerandmoreaccurate.Englishfocusonovertcohesion，sentenceformsandcompletestructure.WhileChinesesentenceswithlessformalconnectionmeans，focusoncovertcoherence，logicorder，functionandsignificance.Itisnecessarytoadjustorconverseintranslation.Forexample，theconjunction