1、主謂一致主謂一致是指：1) 語法形式上要一致，即單復數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。2)意義上要一致，即主語意義上的單復數(shù)要與謂語的單復數(shù)形式一致。3)就近原則，即謂語動詞的單復形式取決于最靠近它的詞語，一般來說，不可數(shù)名詞用動詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)用動詞復數(shù)。There is much water in the thermos.但當不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.15.1 并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時謂語用復數(shù)Reading and writing are very important.注意：當

2、主語由and 連結(jié)時，如果它表示一個單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，and 此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞。The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.典型例題The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. is B. was C. are D. were答案B.注：先從時態(tài)上考慮。這是過去發(fā)生的事情應用過去時，先排除 A. , C.o本題易誤選 D ，因為 The League secretary a

3、nd monitor 好象是兩個人，但仔細辨別，monitor 前沒有the， 在英語中，當一人兼數(shù)職時只在第一個職務前加定冠詞。后面的職務用and 相連。這樣本題主語為一個人，所以應選B。15.2 主謂一致中的靠近原則1.1 )當there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時，謂語應與最鄰近的主語保持一致。There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.2)當eitheror與neither

4、nor, 連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。如果句子是由here, there 引導，而主語又不止一個時，謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。Either you or she is to go.Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.15.3 謂語動詞與前面的主語一致當主語后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞引起的短語時，謂語動詞與前面的主語一致。The teacher together with some stu

5、dents is visiting the factory.He as well as I wants to go boating.15.4 謂語需用單數(shù)1) 代詞each和由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復合代詞作主語， 或主語中含有 each, every, 謂語需用單數(shù)。Each of us has a tape-recorder.There is something wrong with my watch.2) 當主語是一本書或一條格言時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.&

6、lt;<天方夜譚>>是英語愛好者熟悉的一本好書。3) 表示金錢，時間， 價格或度量衡的復合名詞作主語時，通常把這些名詞看作一個整體，謂語一般用單數(shù)。（用復數(shù)也可，意思不變。）Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.Ten yuan is enough.4) .5 指代意義決定謂語的單復數(shù)1 ） 在代詞 what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all 等詞的單復數(shù)由其指代的 詞的單復數(shù)決定。All is right.（一切順利。）All ar

7、e present.（所有人都到齊了。）2）集體名詞作主語時，謂語的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定。如family, audience, crew,crowd, class, company, committee 等詞后用復數(shù)形式時，意為這個集體中的各個成員，用單數(shù)時表示該個集體。His family isn t very large. 他家不是一個大家庭。His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音樂愛好者。但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry 等在任何情況下都用復數(shù)形式。Are there any police around?3）有

8、些名詞，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時看作單數(shù)，有時看作復數(shù)。A number of + 名詞復數(shù)+復數(shù)動詞。The number of +名詞復數(shù)+單數(shù)動詞。A number of books have lent out.The majority of the students like English.15.6 與后接名詞或代詞保持一致1 ） 用 half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等詞引起主語時，動詞通常與of 后面的名詞，代詞保持一致。Most of his mon

9、ey is spent on books.Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.2 ）在一些短語，如many a 或 more than one 所修飾的詞作主語時，謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more thanof作主語時，動詞應與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。Many a person has read the novel. 許多人都讀過這本書。More than 60 percent of the students are from the city. 百分之六十多的學生都來自這個 城市。12 / 12主謂一致的用法及

10、專項練習題一、主謂一致三原則主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。1. 語法一致原則：指主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，主語是復數(shù)形式，謂語也用復數(shù)形式。Tom is a good student.湯姆是個好學生。They often play football on the playground.他們經(jīng)常在操場上踢足球。2. 意義一致：指主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復數(shù)，因此謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；或主語形式上為復數(shù) , 但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。My family are having lunch no

11、w.我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.這本書 20 美元太貴了。3. 就近一致：指謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近他的主語。例如：Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不僅老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學生也喜歡踢足球。There is a pen and some books on the desk.課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。二、 主謂一致常考題型1. 單數(shù)名詞（ 代詞 ） ，不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)形式，復

12、數(shù)名詞（ 代詞 ）作主語，謂語用復數(shù)形式。The desk is Tom s.這張桌子是湯姆的。Some water is in the bottle.一些水在瓶子里。The students are playing football on the playground.這些學生正在操場上踢足球。2. many a+ 單數(shù)名詞作主語，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語要用單數(shù)形式。Many a student has been to Shanghai. 許多學生到過上海。3. more than one+ 單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。More than one student has ever been

13、 to Beijing.不止一個學生曾經(jīng)去過北京。4. 表示時間，價格，重量，數(shù)目，長度，數(shù)學運算等的詞或短語作主語時，這 些通常作一個 整體概念，謂語用單數(shù)形式。例如：兩個月是一個長假。2 0 英鎊并不太重。1 0 英里并不是一段很長的距離。5 減 4 等于 1。Two months is a long holiday.Twenty pounds isn t so heavy.Ten miles isn t a long distance. Five minus four is one.5. 主語是 each/every+ 單數(shù)名詞+and(each/every)+ 單數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單

14、數(shù)。Each boy and each girl has got a seat.每個男孩和女孩都有一個座位。Every man and every woman is at work.每個男人和女人都在工作。6. one and a half+ 復數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。One and a half hours is enough.一個半小時足夠了。7. 動詞不定式，動名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。To see is to believe眼見為實。Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操對你的眼睛十分有益。8. a/an+ 單

15、數(shù)名詞 +or two 作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。A student or two has failed the exam.一兩個學生考試不及格。9. 當主語部分含有with ， together with ， along with ， as well as， besides ，except ， but ， like等介詞或介詞短語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；但“名詞 +as well as+ 名詞”時，謂語動詞一般應與第一個名詞一致。Mike with his father has been to England.邁克同他的父親去過英格蘭。Mike,like his brother,enjoys

16、playing football邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.10. 由and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，一般用復數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并 列主語是同一個人，事物，或概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+ 單數(shù)名詞+and+1數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個人或物；a/the+ 單數(shù)名詞 +and+a/the+ 單數(shù)名詞，指兩個人或物。The writer and teacher is coming.那位作家兼教師來了。（ 作家和教師指同一個人）The wri

17、ter and the teacher are coming.作家和老師來了。（ 作家和老師是兩個人）11. people,police 等集體名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式，family,class,group,team等集體名詞作主語，若指一個整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個具體成員時，謂語動詞復數(shù)形式。這兒的人很友好。他家的人不多。我們一家人都喜歡看電視。People here are very friendly.His family isn t large.My family all like watching TV.12. 不定代詞somebody, someone, somet

18、hing, anybody, anything, everybody,everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing 作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，Is everyone here today.今天大家到齊了嗎？Something is wrong with him.他有毛病。Nobody was in. 沒有人在家。13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主語，謂語動詞 用單數(shù)。Each of them has an English dictionary.他們每人都有一本英語詞典。Neither an

19、swer is correct.兩個答案都不正確。14. 以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復數(shù)意義，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式，如news,maths, physics 等，No news is good news.沒有消息就是好消息。Maths is very popular in our class在我們班數(shù)學很受歡迎。15. 由both and連接兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；由or, either or ，neither nor， not only but also ， notbut，連接兩個名詞或代 詞作主語時，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語動詞形式。Either my wife or I a

20、m going.Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.Not only you but also he is ready to leave.如果 either, each, neither 作主語，則動詞為單數(shù)形式。Each of us has his likes and dislikes.Neither of the books is very interesting.16. 如果主語是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+ 等 +名詞”構(gòu)成時，動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。A series o

21、f pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use.但 a variety of, a number of +名詞復數(shù)，動詞要用復數(shù)形式; . 而 thenumber of + 復數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.The number of the students is over eight houndred17. 以here， there 開關的句子，若主語在兩個或兩個以上，謂語動詞通常與臨近的主語一

22、致There is a book and three pens on the desk.Here are some books and paper for you.18. the+形容詞表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式，表示抽象概念時，用單數(shù)形式 .The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad.The beautiful lives forever.美是永存的。三肯定與否定一致下列形容詞、副詞、代詞從肯定句變成否定句時須作相應的變化。We've had some(money). f We haven't had any(money).

23、I was talking to someone. f I wasn't talking to anyone.They sometimes visit us. f They rarely (never, seldom)visit us.He has arrived already. f He hasn't arrived yet.Li is coming too. f Li isn't coming either.Both of us are going. f Neither of us are going.He likes both of them. f He doe

24、sn't like either of them.注意： so/neither+ 助動詞+名詞/代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中須用倒裝語序。My wife like classic music very much and so do I.She doesn't like jazz and neither do I.主謂一致專項練習題1. Either Jane or Steven watching TV now.A. wereB. isC. wasD. are2. Two days enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.A. is

25、n tB. isC. are tD. are3. How many lessons do you usually haver a day? Six lessons a day. And each of then 45 minutes.A. lastB. lastsC. haveD. are4. Neither Liping nor I a basketball player.A. amB. isC. beD. are5. There many new words in lesson one,It is very easy.A. isB. aren tC. isn tD. are6. The n

26、umber of the students in our school 1200.A. isB. areC. hasD. have7. Maths my favourite subject.A. beB. isC. amD. are8. The boy with the two dogs when the earthquake rocked the city.A. were sleepingB. is sleepingC. was sleepingD. are asle9. Every one except Tom and John there when the meeting began.A

27、. areB. isC. wereD. was10. That place is not interesting at all, of us wants to go there.A. NeitherB. BothC. AllD.Some11. Nobody but Jane the secret.A. know B. knows C. have knowD. is12. What s on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it? There _some eggs and cakes on it.A. isB. areC. wasD. were13. This

28、 pair of glasses mine.A. are B. be C. isD. will be14. Both Lily and Lucy to the party yesterday.A. invitedB. was invitedC. had invitedD. were invirted15. Two months quite a long time. Yes, I m afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons.A. isB. areC. was D. were16. In the city the old .A. take good care ofB. are taken good careofC. is taken good care ofD. are been taken good careof17. His family all very kind and friendly, His family a happyone.A. are,isB. is