1、高考英語語法高考英語語法 被動語態被動語態12孩子吃蘋果孩子吃蘋果蘋果被吃了蘋果被吃了打碎玻璃打碎玻璃玻璃被打碎了玻璃被打碎了3語態語態（語態主要說（語態主要說明主語和謂語明主語和謂語之間的主動或之間的主動或者被動關系）者被動關系）主動語態主動語態被動語態被動語態主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者。被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。4被動語態的構成被動語態的構成be/get+done（及物動詞的過去分詞）（及物動詞的過去分詞）The bridge was built last year (by the workers).The brid

2、ge was not built last year (by the workers).Was the bridge built last year (by the workers)?When was the bridge built (by the workers)?She gets caught in the storm.He got hurt in the head.“by+執行者執行者”常省略常省略5被動語態被動語態使用場合使用場合不清楚或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰。不清楚或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰。強調動作的承受者，而不強調動作的執行者。強調動作的承受者，而不強調動作的執行者。

3、Some new computers were stolen last night.The biggest apple is eaten by his brother.處于禮貌、婉轉等避免說出動作執行者。處于禮貌、婉轉等避免說出動作執行者。Youll be contacted.Visitors are required not to pick flowers.避免更換主語，以求行文流暢。避免更換主語，以求行文流暢。The professor came in and was warmly welcomed.（連貫）（連貫）The professor came in and we welcomed

4、 him warmly.（不（不連貫）連貫）6被動語態的各種形式被動語態的各種形式am/is/are+done一般現在時的被動語態一般現在時的被動語態People grow rice in the south of the country.Rice is grown in the south of the country.7was/were+done一般過去時的被動語態一般過去時的被動語態They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.The building of a new car factory was agreed

5、 on last month.8am/is/are+being+done現在進行時的被動語態現在進行時的被動語態We are painting the rooms.The rooms are being painted.v-ingbebeing現在進行時：現在進行時：am/is/are+被動語態：被動語態： done現在進行時的被動語態：現在進行時的被動語態： am/is/are+done9was/were+being+done過去進行時的被動語態過去進行時的被動語態At this time last year we were planting trees here.Trees were be

6、ing planted here at this time last year.v-ingbebeing過去進行時：過去進行時：was/were+被動語態：被動語態： done過去進行時的被動語態：過去進行時的被動語態： was/were+done10have/has+been+done現在完成時的被動語態現在完成時的被動語態Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.donebebeen現在完成時：現在完成時：have/

7、has+被動語態：被動語態： done現在完成時的被動語態：現在完成時的被動語態： have/has+done11had+been+done過去完成時的被動語態過去完成時的被動語態People had considered him to be a great leader.He had been considered to be a great leader.donebebeen現在完成時：現在完成時：had+被動語態：被動語態： done過去完成時的被動語態：過去完成時的被動語態： had+done12will+be+done一般將來時的被動語態一般將來時的被動語態They will sen

8、d cars abroad by sea.Cars will be sent abroad by sea.dobebe一般將來時：一般將來時：will+被動語態：被動語態： done一般將來時的被動語態：一般將來時的被動語態： will+done13would+be+done過去將來時的被動語態過去將來時的被動語態They would complete the project by the end of the year.The project would be completed by the end of the year.dobebe一般將來時：一般將來時：would+被動語態：被動語態

9、： done過去將來時的被動語態：過去將來時的被動語態： would+done14will have+been+done將來完成時的被動語態將來完成時的被動語態The supper will have been cooked before you go back.The film will have been played ten times by next spring.donebebeen現在完成時：現在完成時：will have+被動語態：被動語態： done現在完成時的被動語態：現在完成時的被動語態： will have+done15would have+been+done過去將來完成

10、時的被動過去將來完成時的被動語態語態He said that the book would have been finished by eight oclock.The leader said that the project would have been completed before May.donebebeen現在完成時：現在完成時：would have+被動語態：被動語態： done現在完成時的被動語態：現在完成時的被動語態： would have+done16情態動詞情態動詞+be+done含情態動詞的被動語態含情態動詞的被動語態You must hand in your com

11、positions after class.Your compositions must be handed in after class.dobebe情態動詞情態動詞+被動語態：被動語態： done含情態動詞的被動語態：含情態動詞的被動語態： 情態動詞情態動詞+done17不及物動詞和表示狀態的及物動詞都不能用于被動語態。不及物動詞和表示狀態的及物動詞都不能用于被動語態。In recent years, great changes have taken place in China.（正）In recent years, great changes have been taken place

12、 in China.（誤）The coat belongs to me.The lecture hall can hold 500 people.賓語是反身代詞時不能改成被動句。賓語是反身代詞時不能改成被動句。She blamed herself.（正）Herself was blamed.（誤）I absented myself from the meeting.（正）Myself was absented from the meeting.（誤）18賓語是相互代詞時，不能改成被動句。賓語是相互代詞時，不能改成被動句。They love each other.（正）Each other is

13、 loved by them.（誤）We should help one another.（正）One other should be helped by us.（誤）賓語是同源賓語時，一般不能構成被動語態。賓語是同源賓語時，一般不能構成被動語態。He lived a happy life. =He lived happily.（正）A happy life was lived by him.（誤）She dreamt a sweet dream.（正）A sweet dream was dreamt by her.（誤）19表示地點、方向、長度、價格等意義的賓語時，不用被動語態。表示地點、方

14、向、長度、價格等意義的賓語時，不用被動語態。He left home for school.（正）Home was left for school by him.（誤）The elephant weighs one ton.（正）One ton is weighed by the elephant.（誤）當賓語是動詞不定式或動名詞時，不能構成被動句。當賓語是動詞不定式或動名詞時，不能構成被動句。I like to have a trip tomorrow.（正）To have a trip is liked by me tomorrow.（誤）He enjoys talking with ot

15、hers.（正）Talking with others is enjoyed by him.（誤）2021Father bought me a new bike.I was bought a new bike.A new bike was bought for me.The man gives me a lot of useful advice.I am given a lot of useful advice.A lot of useful advice is given to me.22We elect her monitor of our class.She is elected mon

16、itor of our class.Workers painted the house white.The house was painted white.My mother makes me go to school alone today.I am made to go to school alone today.I saw the thief escape from the room.The thief was seen to escape from the room.We watched the boy playing by the river.The boy was watched

17、playing by the river.23感官類系動詞用主動語態表示被動含義。感官類系動詞用主動語態表示被動含義。The song sounds very beautiful.Flowers smell sweet.The man looks strong.某些和cant、wont等連用的及物動詞，如open、close、lock、shut、move等。The door wont open.The table cant move.24與副詞well、easily連用的動詞：read、write、wash、clean、burn、sell、open、cut、lock等，表示主語的特點和屬性。T

18、he pen writes smoothly.The coat washes well.The novel sells well.The room doesnt clean easily.want、require、need、deserve、stand、bear和worth等后面用動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義。The bike needs repairing.=The bike needs to be repaired.The book is worth reading.25VS被動語態表示動作；系表結構表示特點、狀態或性質。被動語態表示動作；系表結構表示特點、狀態或性質。The book is

19、 written by a famous expert.（被動語態）The book is well written.（系表結構）The problem is settled quickly.（被動語態）The problem is settled.（系表結構）過去分詞前有過去分詞前有very、too、so等程度副詞修飾，該結構為系表結構。等程度副詞修飾，該結構為系表結構。She is very pleased.He was so frightened.She is quite surprised at the good news.26過去分詞前有過去分詞前有much、very much、to

20、o much、so much修飾時，修飾時，該結構為被動語態。該結構為被動語態。He was much agitated.He was beaten so much that he couldnt stand up.系表結構可同形容詞并列使用，而被動語態結構則不可。系表結構可同形容詞并列使用，而被動語態結構則不可。They were married in April.（被動語態）They were married and happy.（系表結構）不及物動詞的過去分詞與不及物動詞的過去分詞與be動詞連用為系表結構，表示動作的完成。動詞連用為系表結構，表示動作的完成。The man has been retired.Time is gone.271. The fifth generation computers,