1、英語中的五種基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)一、句型1： Subject (主語)  Verb (謂語) 這種句型中的動(dòng)詞大多是不及物動(dòng)詞，所謂不及物動(dòng)詞就是這種動(dòng)詞后不可以直接接賓語。常見的動(dòng)詞如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如：1) Li Ming works very hard.李明學(xué)習(xí)很努力。2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午發(fā)生的。3）Spring is coming.4) We

2、 have lived in the city for ten years.可以做主語的-主要由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的單詞,短語或從句充當(dāng).一.名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞作主語 David arrived last night.大衛(wèi)昨晚到達(dá).Who is speaking, please?（在電話中）請問您是誰?That's OK.這沒問題.Two will be enough.兩個(gè)就夠了.Two-thirds of the workers are women.三分之二的工人是女工.二.ing形式作主語 Skating is good exercise.溜冰是很好的運(yùn)動(dòng).L

3、ooking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time.Making a marriage work can take a lot of effort. Losing her new bicycle made Mary so upset.三.to不定式作主語 To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.把理想轉(zhuǎn)變成現(xiàn)實(shí)需要辛勤的勞動(dòng).To love and to be love ar

4、e the greatest happiness in the word.四.the+adj作主語 The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country.在我們國家,盲人和肢殘人受到很好的照顧.The unemployed usually lead a hard life.失業(yè)的人生活一般很困難.五.從句作主語 What has happened proves that our policy is right.發(fā)生的一切證明我們的政策是對的.Whether

5、 we'll go depends on the weather.我們是否去要看天氣.六.短語作主語 How to do well is an important question.如何把這件事做好是一個(gè)重要問題.Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy.早睡早起身體好.七、it做形式主語 1.It's no good sitting up too late. 2.It seems as if it is going to rain.二、句型2：Subject (主語)  Link. V(

6、系動(dòng)詞)  Predicate(表語)這種句型主要用來表示主語的特點(diǎn)、身份等。其系動(dòng)詞一般可分為下列兩類：(1)表示狀態(tài)。這樣的詞有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如：1) This kind of food tastes delicious.這種食物吃起來很可口。2) He looked worried just now.剛才他看上去有些焦急。(2)表示變化。這類系動(dòng)詞有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如：1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and

7、warmer.春天到了，天氣變得越來越暖和。2) The tree has grown much taller than before.這棵樹比以前長得高多了。可以當(dāng)表語的-形容詞，介詞，名詞，to不定式/ing動(dòng)名詞一. 名詞作表語Africa is a big continent. （continent. 是句中的表語、）非洲是個(gè)大洲.二. 形容詞作表語I feel much better today.我今天感覺好多了.三. 數(shù)詞作表語She was the first to learn about it.她是第一個(gè)知道的人.四. 介詞短語作表語The patient is out of

8、danger.病人脫險(xiǎn)了.Mary and Tom are at the airport.五. ing形式作表語Her job is selling computers.她的工作是銷售電腦.My hobby is growing flowers.我的愛好是種花.My favourite sport is playing tennis.我喜愛的運(yùn)動(dòng)是打網(wǎng)球.六不定式作表語 作表語的不定式短語通常是說明主語的內(nèi)容,這時(shí)主語通常是如下名詞：hope, idea, job, plan, wish, aim, purpose, thing, businessThe purpose of new

9、 technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.新技術(shù)的目的是使生活更便利,而不是更繁瑣.Her wish is to become a singer.她的愿望是當(dāng)一名歌手.Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.我們的計(jì)劃就是在兩星期內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作.七. 從句作表語This is what he said.這就是他所說的話.That is how he did it.That's why I want you to work there.It is

10、because you eat too much.那是因?yàn)槟愠缘锰嗔?The problem is when we can get a pay rise.問題是什么時(shí)候我們可以得到加薪。The trouble is that they are short of money. 麻煩的是他們?nèi)鄙馘X。比較:What I am going to do is to play tennis this afternoon.我今天下午要做的事是打網(wǎng)球.What the police want to know is when you entered the room.警察想知道的是你什么時(shí)候進(jìn)的房間.ing形

11、式作表語：注意事項(xiàng) 在句型"主 + 系 + 表"中,若主語和表語都是非謂語形式時(shí),主語和表語要取得一致.如：主語是ing形式表語也應(yīng)是ing形式,主語是不定式時(shí)表語也應(yīng)是不定式.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.眼見為實(shí).(誤) Seeing is to believe.三、句型3：Subject(主語)  Verb (謂語)  Object (賓語)這種句型中的動(dòng)詞一般為及物動(dòng)詞, 所謂及物動(dòng)詞，就是這種動(dòng)詞后可以直接接賓語，其賓語通常由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名

12、詞或從句等來充當(dāng)（跟可以當(dāng)主語的成分一樣）。例：1) 名詞當(dāng)賓語He took his bag and left. 他拿著書包離開了。 She is doing her homework now.2) 代詞作賓語We often help him. Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. 當(dāng)我遇到困難時(shí)，李雷總能給我?guī)椭?) 不定式作賓語He likes to play basketball.She plans to travel in the coming May Day.她打算在即將到來的“五一”外出旅游。4) 動(dòng)名詞短

13、語作賓語We enjoy listening to the music.我們喜歡聽音樂.5) 從句做動(dòng)詞賓語 I dont know what I should do next. (從句)我不知道下一步該干什么。She said （that）she felt sick.注意：英語中的許多動(dòng)詞既是及物動(dòng)詞，又是不及物動(dòng)詞。四、句型4： Subject(主語)Verb(謂語) Indirect object(間接賓語)Direct object (直接賓語)又叫復(fù)合賓語。這種句型中，直接賓語為主要賓語，表示動(dòng)作是對誰做的或?yàn)檎l做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名詞來充當(dāng)；

14、間接賓語也被稱之為第二賓語，去掉之后，對整個(gè)句子的影響不大，多由指“人”的名詞或代詞承擔(dān)。引導(dǎo)這類雙賓語的常見動(dòng)詞有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如：She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她給丈夫做了一頓美餐。 I showed him my pictures.我給他看我的照片。I gave my car a wash.我洗了我的汽車。 I told him that the bus was late. 我告訴他汽車晚點(diǎn)了。 He showed me how to ru

15、n the machine.他教我開機(jī)器。Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸給她買了一本詞典作為生日禮物。The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.老人經(jīng)常給孩子們講述長征途中那些英雄的故事。 上述句子還可以表達(dá)為：1）Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.2）The old man always

16、tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.A: 間接賓語后置與for連用的動(dòng)詞有buy, make, cook, get, choose, sing, find等。Uncle Li bought me a birthday present. = Uncle Li bought a birthday present for me. 李叔叔給我買了一件生日禮物。 B: 間接賓語后置與to連用的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive, lend, teach, take, return, send, pass等。 Please pass

17、 him a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to him.請遞給他一杯茶。 注意：若直接賓語是人稱代詞，通常情況下將其置于間接賓語之前。 誤：Please give me them. 正：Please give them to me. 五、句型5： Subject(主語)Verb (動(dòng)詞)Object (賓語)Complement(補(bǔ)語)又叫復(fù)合賓語。這種句型中的“賓語  補(bǔ)語”統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語”。 謂語動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。賓語補(bǔ)足語

18、的作用是說明賓語的動(dòng)作，特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)， 或者表示讓賓語去完成的動(dòng)作等。擔(dān)任補(bǔ)語的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等。如：1）形容詞You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你應(yīng)該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。2)名詞 They called him James .他們叫他詹姆斯。 We made him our monitor.(名詞)我們選他當(dāng)班長。 3)不定式 His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父親告訴他不要在街上玩。 常見的動(dòng)詞有: tell, ask

19、, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。4）現(xiàn)在分詞My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.I saw them getting on the bus. 我看見他們上了那輛公共汽車。5) 過去分詞Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans. （have sth done） 注意：使役動(dòng)詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的動(dòng)

20、詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，要省去不定式符號(hào)to。如：1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板讓他整天做那項(xiàng)工作。2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我聽見她在隔壁唱了一個(gè)晚上。What makes him think so？他怎么會(huì)這樣想? I wont let you go. 我不會(huì)讓你走。 I have them come tomorrow morning. 我讓他們明天早上來。 復(fù)合句如果句子包含著兩個(gè)或更多的“主謂結(jié)構(gòu)”，其中“一個(gè)”或“更多的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)”充

21、當(dāng)句子的某一些成分，就是“復(fù)合句”，這是英語中最難的語法！ 充當(dāng)句子成分的“主謂結(jié)構(gòu)”稱為“從句”，常由“從屬連詞”引出，總是用陳述語氣。 根據(jù)從句在句子中的作用，從句分為名詞性從句（包含了主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句，同位語從句），形容詞性從句（即定語從句），副詞性從句（即狀語從句）！ 1.What we need is water.(主語從句) 2.What he wants is work.(主語從句) 3.When it will be finished depends on the weather.(主語從句) 4.I dont think you are right.(賓語從句) 5.I dont know what you want.(賓語從句) 6.I dont know whether I should take his advice or not.(賓語從句) 7.You can take whichever room you prefer.(賓語從句) 8.I will eat whatever you give me.(賓語從句) 9.Im interested in what you are doing.(賓語從句) 10.This is what I want.(表